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1.
分别以非正式网络、双元创新、吸收能力和环境动态性为自变量、因变量、中介变量和调节变量,以227家高新技术企业为样本,通过理论分析与实证研究,揭示非正式网络对双元创新的影响以及吸收能力的中介作用和环境动态性的调节作用。实证结果表明:(1)非正式网路对双元创新有显著的正向作用;(2)潜在吸收能力在非正式网络与渐进性创新之间起部分中介作用,而在非正式网络与突破性创新之间起完全中介作用;(3)现实吸收能力在非正式网络与双元创新之间起部分中介作用;(4)环境动态性在非正式网络与双元创新之间起正向调节作用。研究结论对双元创新管理实践的启示包括:企业管理者应重视非正式网络、密切关注动态的企业外部环境和重视企业吸收能力水平的提升等。 相似文献
2.
当今世界农业发展呈现绿色化和集群化趋势。发展绿色农业产业集群是将二者结合实行农业高质量发展的有效途径。本文基于农业产业集群相关理论,构建了绿色农业产业集群形成机理的分析框架,并以中国典型绿色农业集群——山东寿光蔬菜产业集群为例,从绿色网络形成和组织视角出发,实证分析了绿色农业产业集群的形成过程和条件。研究发现：①微观主体层面,各类农业主体在绿色创新和环境规制作用下进行绿色化转型,形成了绿色生产性主体、绿色经营性主体、绿色服务性主体以及绿色规范性主体;②中观网络层面,绿色主体在知识溢出和专业化分工作用下进行结网互联,形成了绿色组织网络;③宏观环境层面,在制度创新和科技创新的推力,与环境规制的约束力以及支持性政策和中介服务的拉力作用下,形成了绿色发展环境;④绿色农业产业集群的形成机理是绿色创新和环境规制在价值链网络中的流动和协同,即规范性的绿色发展环境和标准化的农业生产技术促使集群内主体的绿色化转型,进而在外部经济效应下以绿色主体专业化分工组织出的绿色网络形成绿色农业产业集群。绿色农业产业集群的形成是集群内全产业链的绿色化,是绿色创新和环境规制对3个层面中每个环节、每个行为、每个主体的绿色化和协同。 相似文献
3.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(4):102237
This paper analyses how the knowledge shared between employees and suppliers within a private enterprise social network affects process improvement. Data was collected from internal documents, and the internal and external enterprise social networks used by an international insurance company; the average cycle time for handling 8494 claims and 3240 messages posted on the internal and external social networks was analysed. Social network analysis techniques were combined with principal component analysis and structural equation modeling, and the results demonstrate that the knowledge shared within the internal and external social network can explain 35.10% of process improvement variability, while the knowledge shared within the internal social network explains 89.90% of external social network variability. The analysis also demonstrates that: (i) the knowledge shared among employees positively affects process improvement; (ii) the knowledge shared among suppliers negatively affects process improvement; and (iii) the knowledge shared among employees positively affects the knowledge shared among supply chain members. These findings have theoretical and practical implications. They extend the literature in the knowledge management and information management field by offering empirical evidence of how the knowledge shared through an enterprise social network affects business process improvement, using the objective data provided by Yammer. They also provide a strategic tool for managers that will allow them to better understand how they can use the enterprise social network for business processes improvement. 相似文献
4.
Studying information flow between node clusters can be conceptualised as an important challenge for the knowledge management research and practice community. We are confronted with issues related to establishing links between nodes and/or clusters during the process of information flow and search transfer in large distributed networks. In the case of missing socio-technical links, social networks can be instrumental in supporting the communities of practice interested in sharing and transferring knowledge across informal links. A comprehensive review of methodology for detecting missing links is provided. The proportion of common neighbours was selected as best practice to elicit missing links from a large health insurance data set. Weights were based on geographical arrangements of providers and the dollar value of transactions. The core network was elicited based on statistical thresholds. Suspicious, possibly fraudulent, behaviour is highlighted based on social network measures of the core. Our findings are supported by a health insurance industry expert panel. 相似文献
5.
The study presents a longitudinal examination about dynamics and consequences of fit and misfit between formally ascribed design interfaces and informal communication networks in two large multi-institutional product development collaborations in space industry. Findings: (1) formally ascribed design interfaces and informal communication networks correlate only marginally. The main reason is that informal communication is much more dense than ascribed; (2) although the formally ascribed design interfaces change, the structure of informal communication remains largely stable throughout time; (3) the most intriguing finding is that this communicational misfit is associated with higher effectiveness, but, it negatively impacts the institutional unit's efficiency. 相似文献
6.
John Leslie King 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):97-99
Abstract During the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing and related commercial activities led to the evolution of “dense cores” of heavily populated areas. Fundamental to the operation of these industrial‐commercial cores was the development of service activities—banking, risk‐bearing, legal services—which depended on rapid exchange of information or quick “cycle times of information” for effective decision making and allocation of resources. As these cores radiate resources away from the central body toward less populated areas, the need for short cycle times of information in rural areas has become apparent. For example, modem agriculture is an enterprise that requires short time cycles of information exchange. The technology for building computer‐based information networks to facilitate the desired rapid transfer of information exists. However, the installation of hardware linked by reliable, cost‐effective communications networks is only in the beginning stages. One computer‐based information network that has successfully met the challenges of rapid transfer of agricultural management information to farmers is the University of Nebraska's AGNET system. 相似文献
7.
不确定环境下本地和跨区域双重学习网络的动态平衡对集群企业创新具有积极影响。通过对浙江省温州市184家集群企业的问卷调查和实证检验,研究发现:本地和跨区域学习网络显著正向影响集群企业创新,两种网络存在显著的替代效应,且两者动态平衡能够增强双重网络的创新贡献,实现创新效应最大化;行业环境负向调节本地网络和集群企业创新,而政策环境呈现正向调节,且调节的边际效应趋于减弱。研究建议,集群企业创新需要动态平衡构建本地和跨区域学习网络,政府政策支持需适度,且需重视行业要素建设以降低行业环境不确定性,从而促进集群企业创新。 相似文献
8.
《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2020,4(4):116-133
The system of innovation (SI) in the agriculture sector, termed as Agricultural Innovation System (AIS), is one of the most recent trends in innovation research, especially in the developing economies. This approach considers several factors such as actors, complex networks and learning, socio-cultural and political factors that affect the innovation process within a dynamic system. Using the AIS approach, the present paper explores the knowledge and learning interactions in the horticultural sector of Kashmir Valley of India, which offers a mix of both formal and informal activities. The research methodology is qualitative in nature based on both primary and secondary data. For primary data collection, apple growers, private and government sector actors were interviewed and secondary data is based on various reports and published materials related to the apple production in Kashmir. The analysis explores the interactions of knowledge production by formal and informal means in the horticultural sector specifically focusing on the informal ways. In the study, taking the case of canker disease treatment in apple trees by informal ways depicts the productive use of informal knowledge in the horticultural system. It was observed that many factors (social networks, life-long experiences, learning, coordination and group interactions) affect the informal knowledge generation process and the connectivity between formal and informal actors is lagging in the horticulture sector. 相似文献
9.
Cooperation between rivals: Informal know-how trading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Eric von Hippel 《Research Policy》1987,16(6)
“Informal” know-how trading is the extensive exchange of proprietary know-how by informal networks of process engineers in rival (and non-rival) firms. I have observed such know-how trading networks to be very active in the US steel minimill industry and elsewhere, and they appear to represent a novel form of cooperative R&D.When one examines informal know-how trading in the framework of a “Prisoner's Dilemma”, real-world conditions can be specified where this behavior both does and does not make economic sense from the point of view of participating firms. Data available to date on the presence and absence of such trading seem to be roughly in accordance with the predictions of this simple model.Although presently documented only as a firm-level phenomenon involving the trading of proprietary technical knowhow, informal know-how trading seems relevant to (and may currently exist in) many other types of situation. Indeed, it may be applicable to any situation in which individuals or organizations are involved in a competition where possession of proprietary know-how represents a form of competitive advantage. 相似文献
10.
基于2001-2016年的151起中国上市公司海外并购样本，本文运用GLS实证回归模型检验海外并购创新过程中海外知识整合与创新质量的非线性关系，并对比提升国内创新质量与提升国际创新质量所对应的不同知识整合模式；结果发现：海外并购知识整合与并购后国内创新质量的关系呈倒U型曲线，与国际创新质量负相关；进一步考察网络嵌入均衡与产业时钟速度的调节作用，发现国内与国外创新网络嵌入均衡能够优化知识整合与创新质量的倒U型关系，且当国内网络依赖高于海外网络依赖时，网络嵌入均衡的优化作用更强；产业时钟速度快的行业，内外网络嵌入均衡的优化作用更强。本文首次基于创新网络的内外嵌入均衡视角，为中国企业突破海外并购知识整合过程中的“专利泡沫”与“创新假象”，提升对外投资质量走向世界创新中心提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
This research probes the configuration of technological systems in terms of inter-sectoral knowledge and intermediate goods exchanges based on a case study of 21 industry sectors in the economy of Malaysia. The case study draws on a network analysis of sectoral knowledge flows survey data and input–output exchange statistics. The results show that knowledge acquisition and dissemination networks are relatively more intra-sector, denser, and centralized than goods exchange networks, which can affect how innovations spread through the economy. Knowledge networks, however, are more likely to form sub-networks with potentially diverse capabilities and influence on the technological system. This adds new information and value for knowledge-based sectoral investment strategies. 相似文献
12.
知识网络结构及其对知知识管理的启示 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
组织中知识的基本载体互相联结,形成组织的内部知识网络;与组织外部的知识载体进行物质和信息交换,形成组织的外部知识网络．组织内外部知识网络的结构影响组织绩效．从知识网络结构的一个方面,即网络闭合性角度展开研究,提出了知识管理的三个原则和三个方法,前者包括提高内部网络的闭合性、降低外部网络的闭合性以及平衡两者关系,后者包括知识载体网络化、知识网络模块化和外部知识获取行为制度化． 相似文献
13.
Richard O. Mason 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):93-108
Abstract This paper proposes that integrated services digital networks (ISDNs) can be used to educate groups of people by means of dialogue featuring an interactive exchange of textual, voice, graphic, and pictorial information. Participants need not meet in the same place at the same time. Instead, they may be remote and dispersed, and they can exchange information asynchronously if necessary. Benefits secured from using this approach include an increased flexibility in the delivery of educational services, reductions in travel and other costs and, importantly, the ability to engage a large number of people with different backgrounds in a knowledge‐gaining conversation without the necessity of their coming to campus. The article depicts a model seminar to illustrate the ways in which an ISDN conversation might be conducted. 相似文献
14.
针对开放式创新驱动与绿色发展融合下工业绿色增长路径及动力来源多元化特征，基于中国工业2009-2015省际面板数据，通过考虑非期望产出的Super-SBM模型测算环境和能源约束下的工业绿色增长结构，并采用改进的动态门槛回归模型，从地区知识积累视角系统探究外部知识源化路径驱动工业绿色增长机制的知识积累动态门槛效应及其时空异质性。研究表明：中国工业绿色增长整体水平较低，地区异质性显著；总体上，外部知识源化对工业绿色增长起到了正向作用，但其存在显著的知识积累异质门槛特征：知识积累一旦突破了临界规模，外部知识源化路径驱动工业绿色增长的正向效应则呈现减弱，且知识积累门槛时空分布存在较大差异。 相似文献
15.
Effective knowledge sharing underpins the day-to-day work activities in knowledge-intensive organizational environments. This paper integrates key concepts from the literature towards a model to explain effective knowledge sharing in such environments. It is proposed that the effectiveness of knowledge sharing is determined by the maturity of informal and formal social networks and a shared information and knowledge-based artefact network (AN) in a particular work context. It is further proposed that facilitating mechanisms within the social and ANs, and mechanisms that link these networks, affect the overall efficiency of knowledge sharing in complex environments. Three case studies are used to illustrate the model, highlighting typical knowledge-sharing problems that result when certain model elements are absent or insufficient in a particular environment. The model is discussed in terms of diagnosing knowledge-sharing problems, organizational knowledge strategy, and the role of information and communication technology in knowledge sharing. 相似文献
16.
非正式地位是员工竞相争取的宝贵资源,它能有效地改善个体的自我认知、情感和行为表现。本研究以知识型员工为研究对象,基于社会认同理论,将创新期望与差错氛围引入非正式地位与创新行为关系的分析框架中,构建差错氛围调节创新期望在非正式地位和创新行为之间起中介作用的模型,对问卷调查法收集到461份有效问卷进行实证分析。研究结果表明：（1）非正式地位对创新行为有显著的正向影响,创新期望在其中起到部分中介作用;（2）差错氛围正向调节创新期望与创新行为的关系,还进一步正向调节知识型员工非正式地位通过创新期望影响创新行为的中介机制。 相似文献
17.
企业外部研发合作内部知识网络与创新绩效 《科学学研究》2022,40(4):704-712
外部研发合作有利于丰富企业的知识元素和组合范式进而影响其创新绩效,企业内部知识网络会影响其外部研发合作的效能。基于知识组合的视角探究不同类型企业外部研发合作,与大学/研究机构的合作（学研合作）以及与企业的合作（企业合作）,对企业创新绩效的差异化影响,并进一步揭示企业内部知识网络特征（知识组合能力和知识协调成本）对上述影响的调节作用。通过对2012年—2017年中国计算机通信及电子设备制造业和医药制造业323家上市公司的数据分析,发现学研合作对企业创新绩效的促进作用大于企业合作;企业知识组合能力会抑制学研合作对企业创新绩效的积极影响,促进企业合作对企业创新绩效的积极影响;企业知识协调成本会减弱企业合作与企业创新绩效的正向关系,对学研合作与企业创新绩效关系的影响不显著。 相似文献
18.
企业创新活动总是嵌入在特定的社会情境之中。基于合作对象差异,将企业外部社会联系分为供应链联系、竞争对手联系和知识生产服务机构联系三类,并运用180份珠三角企业调查问卷数据实证探讨它们与企业破坏性创新之间的复杂关系。结果发现,供应链联系对企业破坏性创新具有正向线性影响;竞争对手联系与企业破坏性创新之间存在正“U”型关系;而知识生产服务机构联系与企业破坏性创新之间存在倒“U”关系。研究结论为企业在实施和管理破坏性创新活动中如何有效利用外部社会联系提供实证依据和实践启示。 相似文献
19.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):141-152
Abstract CSIRO’s role in Australian innovation has evolved over the years in response to changes in the external environment and within Australia’s national innovation system. The process of organisational change has been characterised by a series of restructurings—in 1978, 1988, 1996 and 2001—and accompanying shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. In this paper we look at the process of organisational change in an historical context, looking at the evolving external environment, the legislative and management background, and the shifts in the organisation’s strategic directions. The change process is interpreted from a punctuated equilibrium perspective. We propose that discontinuous, rather than continuous change, is the way that a complex and diversified organisation like CSIRO adjusts to a changing external environment and, moreover, that independent public reviews have an important role in this process. In the light of major changes in the Australian and scientific landscapes over the past two decades we suggest it is time to look again at CSIRO’s role and the sustainability of its internal management arrangements. 相似文献
20.
Joshua R. Tyler Dennis M. Wilkinson Bernardo A. Huberman 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):143-153
We describe a method for the automatic identification of communities of practice from e-mail logs within an organization. We use a betweenness centrality algorithm that can rapidly find communities within a graph representing information flows. We apply this algorithm to an initial e-mail corpus of nearly 1 million messages collected over a 2-month span, and show that the method is effective at identifying true communities, both formal and informal, within these scale-free graphs. This approach also enables the identification of leadership roles within the communities. These studies are complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the results in the field. 相似文献