共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
Ruben Schalk 《History of education》2015,44(2):131-155
Several European countries were unable to match student numbers with labour market demand during the nineteenth century. The causes of this mismatch may be found in the organisation of higher education and the funding of students. Drawing on a variety of sources, this paper compares financial support available to Reformed and Catholic theology students in The Netherlands, to examine how differences in student funding affected enrolment and labour-market patterns. While low tuition fees increased access to the public universities, generous student financing provided by numerous parties caused a structural oversupply of Protestant theology students. The private Catholic colleges instead selected students and applied grants specifically to encourage graduation, consequently balancing students more closely with labour-market demand. This relative success of regional colleges over national universities mirrors the primary education history literature on the benefits of local coordination and resource allocation. 相似文献
2.
Ingo Liefner 《Higher Education》2003,46(4):469-489
This article analyzes forms of resourceallocation in university systems and theireffects on performance in institutions ofhigher education. Internationally, highereducation systems differ substantially withregard to research and education fundingsources and to ways that resources areallocated. European universities receive themajority of their funding from public sources,but private funding plays a more important rolein Anglo-American systems of higher education.Many governments use competitive elements inthe process of allocating public funds toinstitutions of higher education. Examplesinclude the implementation of performancemeasures through formula funding, or resourceallocation on the basis of evaluated projectproposals. Corresponding forms ofperformance-based resource allocation can befound within most higher educationinstitutions. This article analyzes how variousforms of funding and resource allocation affectuniversities at the macro-level and individualbehavior at the micro-level. A theoreticalapproach to this problem suggests thatperformance-based funding tends to bring aboutpositive changes but is also a factor inunintended side effects. Forms of resourceallocation influence the behavior of academicsand managers in higher education, particularlytheir levels of activity as well as the kindsof activities they engage in and their ways ofdealing with risks. Empirical analyses partlyconfirm these hypotheses. It can be shown thatchanges in resource allocation have an impacton the level and type of activity academicsconcentrate on but not on the long-term successof universities. 相似文献
3.
80年代以来英国高等教育政策背景及其走向 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
20世纪八十年代以来，影响英国高等教育政策的背景因素主要有新公共管理理论和公共政策、教育人口统计学、平等主义思想、责任制和质量问题等；高等教育政策继续朝着注重效益、扩大规模、强化质量、加强科研资助的选择性和加强高等教育与产业界的联系的方向发展。 相似文献
4.
从办学条件、教学及经费、学生发展、交流培训与服务4个维度选取了21个高等职业教育资源指标,构建了高等职业教育资源配置绩效评价指标体系。运用AHP-TOPSIS模型测算了我国30个省份2018年高等职业教育资源配置绩效的评价值,并利用SOM聚类分析,确定各省份高职教育资源配置绩效的等级。结果显示:纵向科研经费、对外交流和学生就业三种资源配置绩效最优,信息化教学宽带、年生均财政拨款、师生比和高职院校数量四种资源配置绩效最差;从省份中观层面来看,江苏省的高等职业资源配置绩效最优,广东、山东、浙江和北京次之;从区域宏观层面来看,东部地区高等职业教育资源配置绩效优异,中部地区资源配置绩效较差,西部和东北地区的资源配置绩效最差。 相似文献
5.
1999年之后,中国高等教育经历了跨越式的发展。高校规模的数量性扩张,给高等教育财政带来了怎样的冲击?同时,这种变化将给高等教育机构的运作行为,尤其是高等教育质量的维持与提高造成怎样的影响?本文将聚焦于高等教育资金的筹措机制,对扩招后我国高等教育的财政拨款模式、资源配置、学费定价、不同类型高校的资金筹措行为及其背后隐含的问题进行剖析与思考。 相似文献
6.
本文在回顾我国研究生教育发展及资源配置历史变迁的基础上,分析了我国教育和科研财政投入的体制和机制,其特征表现为“国家财政拨款为主的多渠道教育经费筹措体制、综合定额加专项补助的高校经费拨款机制、直接拔款和科学基金组合的科研经费投入方式”;并对我国研究生教育财政拨款体制机制如何改革进行了探讨。 相似文献
7.
教育生产函数与义务教育公平 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
义务教育阶段城乡、地区和学校间的教育质量水平存在很大的差异,义务教育阶段学校教育资源配置也非常不均衡。教育生产函数的多水平模型分析结果显示,以生均公用经费和教师质量为核心的学校教育资源配置的不均衡在很大程度上决定了城乡、地区和校际教育质量的差异。保障我国义务教育结果公平的前提基础是推进义务教育阶段学校资源的均衡配置,促进义务教育均衡发展,而义务教育阶段学校教育资源均衡配置的重心在于学校公用经费和教师资源的均衡配置。 相似文献
8.
This article describes the changing face of institutions of higher education in Russia in comparison with other countries. It is shown that the ratios of funding sources for higher education in Russia are similar in structure to those in other countries. However, the absolute amounts of funding from these sources are three times less in Russia than the level of the OECD countries. We analyze the following two strategies that Russian universities have used to cope with reduced public funding: diversification of sources of income and changing the structure of expenses. These strategies have been borrowed from the experience of foreign universities that have reformed their financial management. We identify the following main trends in the financing of Russian higher education: concentration of support on leading universities, reliance on public support for higher education as a main source of funding, and the weak use of public-private partnership mechanisms as well as endowment funds. We provide an assessment of the impact of these trends on the economic position of universities. 相似文献
9.
本文分析了1993年以来我国公共教育资源对普通高等教育的分配比例、普通高等教育生均拨款、公共经费指数的变化等;并对有关指标的变化趋势及合理性进行了评价。 相似文献
10.
我国高等教育资源区域分布的变化及其政策含义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
高等教育资源的空间配置是一个国家内部不同区域经济社会发展差距的重要原因之一。本文在总结前人研究分析的基础上,运用首位规模、首位比和分布系数等一系列指标对我国1997年和2002年的高等教育、人口、经济和城市资料进行了实证分析。通过比较我们发现:(1)我国高等教育资源的空间布局在行政区内的分布状况仍基本保持原有的不均衡状态。表现在2002年与1997相比,各行政区内首位规模急剧扩大,同时,首位比超过0.5的城市数量增加;从分布系数的指标来看,各行政区内相对于人口分布高等教育资源分布不均衡的现象比较严重;高等教育各行政区内相对经济发展水平而言高等教育的资源分布比较均衡。除了个别省份外,从1997年到2002年,分布系数各项都没有大的变化,只是略有波动。(2)我们考虑了高等教育质量因素后,对高等教育资源在行政区内的分布状态有一定影响。最后,本研究为我国高等教育空间布局调整提供了相应的参考建议。 相似文献
11.
Globalization and the evolution of the knowledge‐based economy have caused dramatic changes to the character and functions of higher education in most countries around the world. However, the impacts of globalization on universities are not uniform though business‐like practices have been adopted to cope with competition in the global marketplace. The pressure for restructuring and reforming higher education is mainly derived from growing expectations and demands of different stakeholders in society. In recent years, widespread concerns over widened access, funding, accountability, quality, and managerial efficiency are perceived as the prominent global trends related to university education. Because of the divergent political, social, economic, cultural and historical backgrounds, national/local governments may adopt similar strategies in response to pressures generated from globalization. Nonetheless, through a close scrutiny of the ways that national policies are made, we may find that governments around the globe, particularly in East Asia, have tried to make use of the globalization discourse to address/justify the local policy/political agendas. This paper aims to examine the latest higher education reform initiatives proposed by the Singapore Government, with particular reference to reflect upon how the Singapore Government reforms its university systems in the context of globalization. It is argued that the latest comprehensive review of public university governance and funding brings about a changing role of the government in the regulation, finance and provision of higher education in Singapore and eventually alters the state‐university relationship. 相似文献
12.
高等教育产品属性及其资源配置改革研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教育是纯公共产品的理念导致教育由政府垄断供给,而财政不足必然出现教育供求资源配置失衡。为改变这一现状,我国高等教育资源配置应走市场化改革模式,多渠道分担高等教育成本,培育并完善竞争性高等教育市场,大力发展民办高等教育,改革高等教育管理体制,调整教育财政支出结构,在高等教育领域建立公共部门与私人部门之间的伙伴关系模式,从而提高高等教育资源的运行效率。 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Educational Development》2004,24(2):137-154
Trends suggest that business practices and private sector ideas and values are increasingly permeating public funded higher education institutions world-wide. The impact of business practices and values on higher education policy and practice is discernible in the growing dominance of global privatisation, quasi-marketisation and new managerialism in the higher education sector. However, reactions of different role players and responses of higher learning institutions to these external demands have varied according to local conditions and institutional types. This article contributes to the debate on the increasing permeation of business practices and private sector ideas and values on higher education in South Africa after apartheid using the case study of the University of Pretoria. It begins with the review of debates on higher education on this topic in general, and then moves on to analyse these debates in South Africa using the resource dependence theory and structuralism as conceptual frames. It argues that: (i) the increasing marketisation and quasi-marketisation in higher education and training could be attributed to the influence of neo-liberalism and new managerialism; (ii) changes in higher education provision, policy and practice in South Africa need to be understood in terms of marketisation and quasi-marketisation rather than in terms of privatisation; (iii) although the influence of these external forces is unlikely to be reversed, provision, policies and practices must be tempered by imperatives of redress and equity in South Africa; and (iv) the case study of the University of Pretoria reported here is used as an example of the extent to which institutions are becoming entrepreneurial. 相似文献
14.
15.
Ann M. Gansemer-Topf Jillian Downey Katherine Thompson Ulrike Genschel 《Research in higher education》2018,59(2):174-197
Economic recessions impact higher education institutions in complex ways. Several analyses have examined the influence of the 2007–2009 recession on tuition, enrollments, revenues, and expenditures, but the connection of these resource allocation patterns to a student success outcome—namely, retention—is limited. This study examined relationships among institutional expenditures, tuition, and staffing patterns on first-year retention rates at private and public institutions in 2007, 2009 and 2011: before, during, and after the economic recession. Private and public institutions increased tuition during this time period and increased expenditures. Expenditures most directly educating students (i.e. instruction) and institutional selectivity were positively associated with retention. However, public and private institutions differed in how they allocated their expenditures. That the findings correspond with past research investigating relationships between resource allocation and retention illustrate principles of the resource dependency theory (Pfeffer and Salancik 1978): institutions impacted by external economic changes, adjust revenues, staffing, and expenditures during economic changes. 相似文献
16.
Carlo Salerno 《Higher Education》2004,48(1):101-130
A rich body of literature has emerged that seeks to shed further light on how concepts like globalization and internationalization shape higher education systems and their institutions. This paper examines how the rise of private higher education in various national contexts has engendered global patterns of public financial support for private institutions and particularly the various ways in which public funding is channeled to such providers. A cross-national typology of public/private higher education sectors and a system-level map of how public funding is directed to institutions are both used to explain why different patterns may emerge. This framework is then used to examine the policies and practices in four representative systems: England, Germany, New Zealand, and the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. The available evidence suggests that in systems with weak or newly emerging private sectors, unclear regulations and concerns about quality implies that public funding tends to be channeled into private institutions indirectly (e.g. through tax-abatements and student financial aid). In systems where private institutions play a more substantial role, public funding is channeled to privates using a mix of indirect and direct mechanisms. 相似文献
17.
Paul Gibbs 《牛津教育评论》2019,45(3):405-416
Although there has been considerable debate in contemporary literature on the erosion of the public good in higher education, most of it has been concentrated on the word ‘public’ rather than on the notion of ‘good’. Further, the idea of higher education and the organisations for its delivery have become conflated through a focus on the ‘good’ as inherent, intrinsic, and instrumental. An idea is proposed, that: higher education is intrinsically good; that aspects of its practice are feasibly inherently good; and institutional practices are instrumentally good. These three goods are commonly conflated rather than interwoven in our policymakers’ understanding of the contribution that higher education has for human flourishing and what contribution higher education providers make to the economics of society. 相似文献
18.
英国当今高等教育政策框架及其影响分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在政府公共管理模式市场化取向改革背景下,高等教育领域引入竞争机制,在高等教育经费紧缩的情况下,为保证高等教育战略目标的实现,英国政府采取了拨款、评估、规划等政策措施对高校进行宏观控制和施加影响. 相似文献
19.
我国教育经费结构:回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着我国教育经费的增长,经费分配的公平和使用效率等结构性问题将引起更多重视。本文在前人研究的基础上,总结我国的历史数据,比较他国的有关数据资料,对我国教育经费的来源结构、分配结构和使用结构进行了回顾与展望。研究认为:1、在可以预见的未来,主要由于预算内教育经费的增加,我国教育经费来源结构总体上将呈现财政性教育经费占比缓慢提高的趋势;未来更长时期的变化,将主要受政府政策选择的影响。2、在分配结构方面,短期内初等教育经费占全国教育经费的比例会因为政策支持而有所提升,但从长远来看,中等教育和高等教育将由于规模的扩大而在总经费中占据更大比重。3、在生均经费方面,以绝对货币单位表示的三级教育生均成本将会继续提高,但以生均成本指数(生均成本占人均GDP的比例)来看,未来我国初等教育生均成本指数会继续提高,高等教育的长期趋势有可能是继续下降。3、在教育经费使用结构方面,本文以地方小学的数据验证了人员经费占事业经费比重与事业经费充足程度之间的关系,证明经费的内部结构可以作为监测教育经费充足程度的指标,认为未来随着总体经费紧张程度的缓解,总体上看,教育经费中人员经费在事业经费中的比例将继续降低。 相似文献
20.
Larry L. Leslie 《Higher Education》1990,20(3):271-286
Policy makers often employ rate of return (RoR) information in formulating public resource allocation decisions. A noteworthy present example is the World Bank, which uses RoR to advise Third World countries (TWCs) as they set student subsidy levels, tuition levels, and allocations by level of education (i.e., elementary, secondary, higher). This paper demonstrates that in the main RoR may be inappropriate policy devices for such aims because (1) major validity problems surround RoR formulations, (2) emphasis upon average RoR may misinform policy, and (3) RoR calculations are more sensitive to cost than benefits variations. It is concluded that true RoR to education are higher than conventionally estimated and in most cases support increased public resource allocations to various levels of education. Further, RoR evidence does not support reallocations from higher to lower educational levels, and World Bank advice to TWCs, most notably sub-Saharan Africa, may be in error. 相似文献