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1.
《湘南学院学报》2021,(3):27-33
我国贫困性别差异显著,贫困妇女存在经济、信息、能力和权利等相对剥夺现象,引发妇女相对贫困,阻碍我国反贫困工作与社会发展。在厘清相对剥夺和相对贫困内涵和关系基础上,建立妇女相对贫困评价指标,进而分析相对剥夺对贫困妇女影响,提出解决贫困妇女相对剥夺和相对贫困方略,即调整精准扶贫策略、保障贫困妇女非经济权益、重视与贫困妇女沟通交流、消除贫困妇女相对剥夺和解决贫困妇女相对贫困等。  相似文献   

2.
后全面小康社会中国的贫困治理方略成效显著,绝对贫困在中国的大地上得到有效治理。通过探讨贫困与相对贫困的内核概念可知,相对贫困是主客观交织、多因素共同作用而呈现出的物质与精神匮乏的状态,相对贫困的内核特征既包含贫困本身,也包含不平等现象。随着我国进入后全面小康社会,中国的贫困与相对贫困的划定标准也将随之发生变化。与绝对贫困相比,相对贫困问题具有多维性、分散性、发展性和长期性,后全面小康社会的相对贫困治理的周期将会更长,治理任务将会更加艰巨。  相似文献   

3.
基于正义伦理的新视角,阐释贫困与社会正义的关系,剖析我国物质贫困与精神贫困并存、绝对贫困与相对贫困并存、狭义贫困与广义贫困并存等贫困问题的整体特征及其社会风险,积极谋求社会财富的增加,增加人文关怀、抑制正义失范等反贫困对策。  相似文献   

4.
阻止贫困的代际传递是我国新时代扶贫工作所面临的新挑战,以往研究更关注客观贫困对个体发展的不利影响,忽略了儿童对贫困的主观认知与信念在贫困状态中所发挥的潜在作用。基于内隐理论的视角,贫困观是儿童与周围环境或他人互动中所构建出的一系列与贫困相关的朴素观念和认知模式。通过强调在应对贫困时个体主动性和主体性的重要价值,贫困观的研究为教育扶贫拓展出了新的思路。目前的研究中,儿童的贫困观主要聚焦在贫困推理(儿童对贫富状况的判别并据此对个体品质和行为做出的推断)与贫困归因(儿童对贫富差异原因的认识)两方面。贫困观的个体差异会对儿童在公平分配、认知能力等方面的行为和表现产生一定的影响。但个体对贫困的看法是可塑的,通过一些间接途径改变儿童的贫困观,将有利于提升贫困儿童的行为表现。未来研究需要继续拓展贫困观的内容框架,考察可能造成的其他影响,关注贫困观的发生发展机制和群体差异性,最终为有效的教育干预方案提供更为科学的相关依据。  相似文献   

5.
贫困大学生心理和谐是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,而和谐社会是实现贫困大学生心理和谐的根本前提和现实基础,贫困大学生心理和谐与和谐社会有着密切的互动关系。从贫困大学生心理和谐与社会主义和谐社会构建的关系中探求实现贫困大学生心理和谐的有效途径。  相似文献   

6.
后精准扶贫时代的贫困治理——制度安排和路径选择   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
2020年基本消除绝对贫困、全面建成小康社会后,中国进入以相对贫困、精神贫困为特征的后精准扶贫时代。贫困韧性和迁移性导致后精准扶贫时代的贫困发生转型,出现绝对贫困向相对贫困、一维贫困向多维贫困、生存性贫困向发展性贫困、收入型贫困向消费型贫困、原发性贫困向次生性贫困、农村贫困向城市贫困转移等六大特征。后精准扶贫时代贫困发展的动态性和贫困成因的多源性,决定了贫困治理的长期性和复杂性,加大了贫困治理难度,产生了新的贫困治理诉求。贫困治理需要围绕"相对贫困""精神贫困"的治理重心,以"攻心"为上,克服贫困治理碎片化、重塑整体性治理,破除城乡二元结构、实施城乡一体化治理,摒弃运动式治理、建立制度性治理体系,实施正式制度和非正式制度双轮驱动,建立起与国际接轨的多维动态识别标准,出台"贫困治理法",加强"贫困耻感文化"建设,发挥社会企业在贫困治理中的潜力,发掘贫困者内在的正能量,克服"穷人心态",扩展相对贫困者"带宽",矫正个体失灵,消除代际贫困,实现贫困的最优化治理。  相似文献   

7.
高校贫困大学生的资助与教育一直是党和国家所关心的问题,各级政府和高校都在为构建科学有效的资助与教育体系而努力。面对贫困大学生各个方面的问题,国家、社会、高校及贫困生自身都是帮助与教育的重要主体,都在发挥着不可替代的作用。我们一定要理性分析与看待贫困大学生“物质贫困”与“精神贫困”的问题,发挥高校思想政治教育工作者的重要作用,通过树立典型,宣传贫困大学生的励志事迹,营造良好的贫困大学生思想教育的氛围。  相似文献   

8.
中国城市贫困对青少年发展的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
伴随着社会转型,我国的城市贫困现象日益引起人们的关注,城市贫困对青少年的影响是本文的关注的焦点。本文以2003年"城市贫困课题组"在抚顺、合肥、重庆开展的城市贫困与儿童救助的社会调查数据为基础,分析和概括了贫困家庭青少年的物质生活、医疗保健、教育等方面的基本状况,探讨城市贫困对青少年的影响及城市贫困与青少年发展之间的关系,并尝试针对构建城市贫困青少年的社会支持系统提出相应措施和建议。  相似文献   

9.
贫困代际传递是造成贫困恶性循环与长期贫困的内在因素。采用CFPS 2012-2020年数据,运用多元回归模型和logistics模型进行实证分析,探讨父子两代教育对农户家庭贫困代际传递的影响。结果发现:中国20%以上的家庭存有贫困代际传递现象,其中农户家庭子代脱贫难度高于城镇家庭,教育的缺失与教育机会的不公平是造成农户家庭贫困代际传递的重要原因,而高教育水平可以有效缓解贫困代际传递。基于此,在阻断贫困代际传递方面得有以下启示:(1)精准识别教育贫困人群,加大教育投资与补贴,扶教育之贫。(2)治愚与扶志并行,增加农户贫困家庭的教育投入意愿。(3)开展教育培训与职业技能培训,大力普及全民教育。  相似文献   

10.
贫困大学生是高校一个特殊的群体。随着高校招生规模扩大,收费上学制度的实施,高校贫困大学生的数量不断扩大。贫困大学生除经济困难外,还出现了越来越多的“心理贫困”,它严重影响和制约了高校平安和谐校园建设与稳定发展。研究和解决贫困大学生的“心理贫困”已成为当前高校一项紧迫的工作。  相似文献   

11.
贫困与反贫困作为全球性现象,在发达国家和发展中国家的发生发展既有共性,又有个性。欧美和中国是这两种类型的典型代表。其各自的经历及其比较,有助于深入地揭示贫困的机理与规律,对促进我国自己的扶贫开发事业具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

12.
Education systems struggle to staff schools in rural areas or in areas with high concentrations of poverty. Potential policy solutions include financial incentives, mandatory rotations, and local recruitment drives, among others. First, this systematic review provides evidence on challenges with teacher staffing in certain types of schools. We observe lower teacher skill and higher teacher absence in rural areas in many countries. Second, the review synthesizes available experimental and quasi-experimental studies of government-implemented policies to increase the quantity or quality of teachers in hard-to-staff schools in low- or middle-income countries. Financial incentives—the most evaluated policies—are often effective at increasing the supply or reducing the turnover of teachers in hard-to-staff schools, and well-designed incentives can also increase the quality of teachers in these schools. Impacts on student outcomes are often positive. Although there are fewer evaluations, behavioral and informational interventions have been cost-effective in reducing vacancies in two countries.  相似文献   

13.
During the past decades, many developing countries have been severely hit by a combination of poverty and the HIV pandemic. However, there has been a debate about the relative contribution of these two factors. This study showed that poverty and orphanhood were two separate but interrelated factors contributing to poor schooling. There were no differentials shown based on double orphanhood or gender. We recommend that educational policies should put into consideration both poverty and orphanhood in order to increase schooling access for children affected by HIV/AIDS and poverty.  相似文献   

14.
国外的师资培养主要有两大类型:封闭型和开放型。由于其自的优缺点,这两种类型在一些国家出现了融合的趋势,借鉴国外,针对我国师资培养的现状,提出封闭型和开放型相结合,学术性和师范性相结合,扩大教师进修型学校职能的改革建议。  相似文献   

15.
英国都铎和斯图亚特王朝早期出现了有史以来最严重的流民和贫困问题,对英国社会冲击很大。近代中国也出现了严重的流民问题。造成流民问题的原因十分复杂,主要有:圈地和兼并、人口因素、通货膨胀、兵匪兵祸、自然灾害等。两国虽然近代化的时期相差300多年,但在转型期出现的问题却惊人的相似。仅这一点也值得我们研究和思考。  相似文献   

16.
This paper suggests a simple model for the relationships between poverty, schooling and gender inequality. It argues that poverty—at both national and household levels—is associated with an under-enrolment of school-age children, but that the gendered outcomes of such under-enrolment are the product of cultural practice, rather than of poverty per se. Using detailed case study material from two African countries, evidence is presented to show the variety and extent of adverse cultural practice which impede the attendance and performance of girls at school, relative to boys. It follows that gender inequalities in schooling outcomes, measured in both qualitative and quantitative terms, will not necessarily be reduced as incomes rise.  相似文献   

17.
Multi‐culturalism, particularly in education, is presented and discussed within the larger context of the Arab world and the more specific context of Sudan. The extreme religious and social conservatism of the wealthiest Arab countries, particularly Saudi Arabia, and their powerful economic influence on the poorer Arab countries, like Sudan, have resulted in the adoption by the the governments of some of these countries of similarly conservative social and economic policies. Such has been the case with Sudan. The effect of such policies, along with the general poverty of Sudan, on multi‐cultural education and on the position of women in society, has been nefarious. However, by contrast, the economics of relative wealth in Saudi Arabia itself has dictated the emergence, via higher education, of large numbers of highly skilled Saudi women who are creating economic spheres of their own within Saudi society.  相似文献   

18.
农村留守妇女问题是中国社会转型中农村社会所面临的一个普遍性问题。以往的研究多关注于物质生活层面,而文中则从精神文化的视角,对农村留守妇女文化贫困的成因、影响进行了分析,提出了解决的建议与对策,指出要想根治贫困,必须重视文化扶贫,让她们利用自己的双手和智慧,利用知识改变命运。  相似文献   

19.
More than 1 in 7 people in Europe live in a household whose income is below the national poverty line, but more than 30% of people consider themselves to live in poverty. This study provides evidence on the causal relationship between education and various dimensions of poverty. I construct a novel database comprising compulsory schooling reforms in 32 European countries and use them as instruments for education. I find economically large poverty-reducing effects of education. This holds true for several objective poverty measures, which are both absolute and relative in nature, and a subjective poverty measure. An additional year of education thus reduces not only the likelihood of being classified as living in poverty but also the likelihood of considering oneself to live in poverty. Increases in labor force participation and full-time employment as well as better health are potential mechanisms behind these results. Notably, countries in Eastern Europe seem to drive the results.  相似文献   

20.
高校贫困生社会网络资本由两部分构成:一是以家庭为中心的社会网络资本;二是以贫困生本人为中心的社会网络资本。教育是高校贫困生提升其社会网络资本的重要方式之一。在接受教育的过程中,高校贫困生不断对自己的社会网络资本进行拓展与重构:一是扩大原有的社会网络;二是建立新的社会网络。新的社会网络资本的建立对高校贫困生职业地位获得具有显著作用。  相似文献   

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