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1.
论高水平运动员的宏观激励 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
张忠秋 《上海体育学院学报》1994,18(3):7-12
在对高水平运动员实施宏观激励时,应注意以下问题:高水平运动员参加重大比赛的奖励;对“不同运动年龄”的运动员取得优异成绩后的相应特殊奖励;高水平运动员的退役安置;高水平运动人才合理流动和参与公平竞争。 相似文献
2.
对我国优秀男子散打运动员的体能指标与拳腿组合击中率成绩进行相关分析,探讨散打运动员的专项体能特点及结构,筛选出具有代表性的、能够反映出散打特点的专项体能指标,并在此基础上建立我国优秀男子散打运动员体能模型、权重模型、均值模型及评价模型,以便于明确散手运动员在体能上与优秀散手运动员的差距,为运动员的科学选材和训练提供体能意义上的参考。 相似文献
3.
Ulysses Fernandes Ervilha Fernando de Moraes Fernandes Camila Carvalho de Souza Joseph Hamill 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(5):665-677
ABSTRACT Fractionated reaction time can be used to determine distinct epochs known as pre-motor, response and movement times (MTs) of a reaction time task. The purpose of this study was to compare elite and novice athletes performing a taekwondo kick in terms of the fractionated reaction time and electromyography (EMG) activation patterns of the muscles of the striking lower limb and the lower back. We hypothesised that the pre-motor time, response time (RT) and MT would be the shorter for elite athletes compared to novices. We collected data on 13 elite and 10 novice athletes when performing a roundhouse kick. The experiment included EMG electrodes placed on five low back and lower extremity muscles and an electrogoniometer placed on the kicking knee. We found that pre-motor time was shorter and the RT was longer for elite athletes than novice athletes. Moreover, the integrated EMG of the main knee extensor does not differ between groups though other leg and trunk muscles do. The results allow coaches and teachers to understand this particular taekwondo kicking movement which could ultimately improve the technique in order to establish training and teaching goals. 相似文献
4.
陈书睿 《天津体育学院学报》2011,26(1):54-57
优秀运动员社会影响力的提高,引起人们对运动员社会责任的关注。优秀运动员的社会责任既可以是法律上的义务,也可以是伦理或道德范畴的义务或者角色定位。优秀运动员社会责任主要体现着优秀运动员对社会伦理的回应,反映着优秀运动员对社会期望的实现。优秀运动员社会责任有着深厚的法理基础,存在道德和法律上的依据。要使优秀运动员社会责任实现,需要完善优秀运动员社会责任的法制建设,主要包括加强优秀运动员社会责任的立法和执法、建立优秀运动员"利害关系人"的权利救济机制、建立优秀运动员履行社会责任的激励机制、提升优秀运动员的素养。 相似文献
5.
成绩资本和地位获得--我国优秀运动员群体社会流动的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用文献研究、问卷调查、追踪访谈、多因素分析等方法,以我国优秀运动员群体为对象,探讨了成绩资本对于运动员地位获得的作用。研究显示,运动员的家庭背景与运动员从事的运动项目之间存在关联;内在动力、客观环境、物质保障和形态素质是影响运动员获取成绩的4大要素。在运动队中时间过长,将减少其退役后选择其他职业的机会。多数运动员的职业地位与其父辈相比得到了提高。是否拥有成绩资本决定着非运动员能否完成向运动员的跨越,成绩资本的数量与层次决定着普通运动员成为何种等级的优秀运动员,关系着寻找到何种新的职业。 相似文献
6.
目的：研究我国优秀女子水球运动员身体成分与身体机能特点,为水球运动的发展提供研究和实践参考。方法：采用BODPOD空气置换法,对自我国5支省代表队的55名优秀女子水球运动员进行体成分与身体机能测试,并按照运动等级的不同进行统计分析。结果：55名运动员的体脂百分比（％）为24．02±4．86;健将级运动员比一级运动员的体重、握力与台阶指数都明显较大,差异具显著性（p〈0．05）,其它机能指标不具显著差异;我国优秀女子水球运动员的体脂百分比我国优秀女子游泳运动员高。结论：本研究提供了一些反映女子水球运动体质要求特点的测试数据;发现女子水球运动员有较高的体脂含量,应控制身体脂肪含量;健将级运动员比一级运动员体重更大,有更强的心肺功能与上肢力量。 相似文献
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8.
AbstractMost countries across the world are facing one problem: how to provide support to retired athletes and help them in re-employment. Different countries have different solutions. Study of the retirement and re-employment of professional athletes in China will help us to understand the differences between it and other countries in dealing with this issue. It will also reveal how China’s elite sport system works and how the government played its part in managing and supporting the athletes. This paper studies the formation and implementation of government policies in relation to the re-employment of retired athletes and points out that the Chinese Government plays an important role in providing financial and human resource support for them. However, the policies have also had some shortcomings. For example, the government takes too much of the burden. Only elite athletes who won medals at important national and international sporting events could get solid support after retirement and most of the athletes who failed to make it to the top were neglected by the government. 相似文献
9.
优秀武术散打运动员有氧代谢能力特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
目的：了解我国优秀散打运动员有氧代谢能力的水平与特征。方法：以我国35名优秀散打运动员为研究对象，对递增负荷运动过程中各时段气体代谢指标、生理、生化指标的动态变化情况进行测定分析。结果：运动员水平越高，VO2max越大，散打运动项目要求运动员具备较强的有氧代谢能力。有目的通过身体训练提高有氧代谢能力促进运动员整体供能水平的提高；通过递增负荷运动中RQ、HR、O2-pluse和BLa的动态变化规律，显示优秀组运动员有氧、无氧代谢能力、心肺功能和耐受乳酸能力均优于一般组运动员，揭示散打运动水平与运动员有氧和糖酵解供能能力有着密切关系。 相似文献
10.
以参加全国运动会武术比赛的195名优秀运动员为调查对象，采用SCL-90问卷调查，发现优秀武术运动员各项因子分值大于3的仅占2％～9%；9个因子得分优秀男运动员低于优秀女运动员（P〈0．05）；C组（普通高校武术特长生）和B组（体工队退役队员）运动员对文化知识的迫切度高于A组（体工队现役队员）武术运动员。优秀武术运动员心理健康状况良好；运动员的心理健康状况与性别、文化层次有关，建议在训练中根据运动员性别进行心理调整，并不断提高运动员的文化水平，以创造优异的运动成绩。 相似文献
11.
优秀有氧耐力运动员ACE 基因I/ D 多态性与最大有氧能力及心脏结构与功能的关联研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为探讨ACE基因I/D多态性与人类有氧运动能力的关联关系并寻找相关的分子遗传标记,应用PCR-AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)方法检测优秀耐力运动员与普通人群ACE基因型.结果显示,I等位基因频率运动员组明显增高,有显著性差异(P<0.05),且不同基因型间各性状存在差别,提示ACE
I/D 多态性很可能与人体的运动能力及其对运动训练的敏感度相关联. 相似文献
12.
我国优秀游泳运动员速度耐力专项素质综合评价研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
罗智 《天津体育学院学报》2006,21(1):38-41
以我国优秀游泳运动员为研究对象，以速度、耐力专项素质为研究内容，通过文献资料和数理统计方法，在赋予各指标以不同权重基础上，对我国优秀游泳运动员的速度耐力专项素质给予科学的评价，结果表明，在反映我国优秀运动员速度耐力专项素质的整体信息中，各指标权重差异不大。相对而言，以75m自由泳、200m和400m混合泳专项素质所占的权重较大。另外，按照百分法制定的我国优秀游泳运动员专项素质评价标准是科学的，也是可行的，该评价标准，不仅适应于对我国优秀运动员速度耐力专项素质的评价，同时也为评价其他水平运动员专项素质水平提供了一个理想的标准模式。 相似文献
13.
为掌握现代五项国际新规则下项目发展趋势对运动员竞技能力要求的关键要素，科学建立形态、体能、技能、智能和心理为一体的现代五项优秀选手综合性选材指标体系，通过分析2017-2019年国际比赛中世界优秀现代五项选手的竞技成绩结构，结合专家问卷调查和相关选材指标统计筛选，研究发现：现代五项选材需要选择体能性项目游泳及跑射专项素质都较好的运动员，并注重考虑击剑相关的专项素质能力在选材指标体系中的权重比例。在分析和调研的基础上建立了生长发育、身体形态、生理机能、身体素质、专项能力、心理特征和教练员非量化评定等六大类现代五项综合性选材指标体系。结论：只有全面系统地分析国际现代五项优秀选手在新规则下的竞技成绩结构，掌握竞技能力构成要素，才能建立并不断完善现代五项优秀运动员的选材指标体系。 相似文献
14.
Philip von Rosen Oskar Olofsson Sebastian Väsbom Annette Heijne 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):707-716
The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare subjective correlates of health, such as nutrition, self-esteem, sleep and stress, between adolescent elite athletes (n?=?625) and a reference group of adolescents (n?=?391) not involved in elite sports. A secondary aim was to study predictors for self-perceived stress. A questionnaire was e-mailed to all participants containing valid questions about competence-based self-esteem, nutrition, self-perceived stress and sleep. Our results show that adolescent elite athletes reported significantly (p?p?相似文献
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16.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):115-126
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether quality of self-determined motivation at the start of the competitive season in elite athletes and symptoms of overtraining can predict athlete burnout propensity at the end of the season. The participants were 141 elite winter sport athletes. In September, at the beginning of the season, the athletes responded to a self-determined motivation questionnaire, while they answered questions assessing overtraining symptoms and burnout in March, at the end of the season. Findings indicated that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining were negatively and positively linked respectively to dimensions of athlete burnout. The results suggest that self-determined motivation and symptoms of overtraining are both independently linked to signs of burnout in elite athletes and that although no moderating effect was found, pairing self-determined motivation with symptoms of overtraining increased the prediction of burnout in athletes at the end of the season. Our findings are in line with those of recent research (Cresswell & Eklund, 2005; Lemyre, Treasure, & Roberts, 2006) and support a motivational approach to study burnout in elite athletes. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this study was to identify differences between elite male and female pole vaulters in terms of their mechanical energy and angular momentum. The vaulter's total mechanical energy and angular momentum were calculated from the three-dimensional kinematic data of the pole vault finals at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. The development of total, kinetic and potential energy showed similar characteristics for men and women. The initial energy of the vault, the energy at maximum pole bend position and the final energy were significantly higher for male athletes (P <0.05), while the energy gain produced by the athletes during the vault showed no significant differences (male vaulters 5.88 +/- 1.02 J.kg(-1), female vaulters 5.74 +/- 1.63 J.kg(-1)). Time-related parameters relating to pole bending and recoiling also showed no significant differences (P <0.05). In contrast to the male vaulters, the female vaulters did not show a free upward flight phase. The angular momentum was significantly higher for the female vaulters during the initial pole bend and during the bar clearance (P <0.05). We conclude that the pole vaulting technique of female elite athletes is not a projection of the technique of male elite vaulters at a lower jump height, but rather a different way of jumping and interacting with the elastic pole. The current technique of elite female pole vaulters still has potential for further improvement. 相似文献
18.
我国优秀运动员退役安置的现状及对策研究 总被引：48，自引：1，他引：47
通过对我国优秀运动员退役安置的现状及存在的主要问题进行调查与分析，提出了符合现阶段我国退役优秀运动员安置的主要对策。主要有继续发挥政策安置的作用，加强对优秀运动员的培训工作，建立优秀运动员的社会保障体系，鼓励退役运动员上大学，建立货币补偿安置的办法等。 相似文献
19.
对体育院校优秀运动员教学管理的探究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宫超 《西安体育学院学报》2007,24(6):40-41
就体育院校优秀运动员教学管理定位和教学管理体系的建立,抓好优秀运动员学习过程管理,提高优秀运动员的文化素质等问题进行了研究,提出了对体育院校高水平运动员的教学管理必须坚持"以人为本"、"以学生为主体",优秀运动员的教学管理是体育院校管理的重要环节。对于突出体育院校的办学特色和提升优秀运动员的文化素质具有重要意义。 相似文献
20.
通过心理测试 ,揭示出我国优秀男子跳跃运动员的个性特征与一般水平运动员在个性心理特征方面存在的较大差异。表现为优秀运动员在意志特征方面敢作敢为 ,好胜好强 ;在情绪特征方面兴奋活泼 ,待人热情 ,同时还存在好依赖 ,独立性较差 ,情绪不够稳定等不足之处。此结果为我国男子跳跃运动员的心理选材和心理训练提供了参考依据 相似文献