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尽管生物技术在发展中国家已经得到广泛重视,但是很少有研究关注在不利于生物技术发展的环境中,影响生物技术创新绩效的因素。以我国生物技术中小企业2008—2010年的调研数据为例,文章研究政府RD支持与企业合作对生物技术创新产出的直接影响与间接影响。研究结果显示,生物技术中小企业与上游单位的合作对其创新产出具有重要作用,与国外公司合作产生的影响大于与国内公司合作产生的影响。通过促进企业内部RD活动以及与国内上下游企业的合作,政府以项目资金的方式,直接和间接地影响生物技术中小企业的创新。文章研究发现,政府RD资金支持,与国外高校、科研机构的合作,以及与下游企业的合作均对生物技术中小企业的创新产生重要作用。 相似文献
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对政府资助企业RD绩效的考察可能由于忽略内生性、行业异质性等而产生偏差。选择2003—2010年上海市大中型工业企业32个行业的面板数据,基于多维行业异质性视角,考察政府RD资助对企业技术创新的影响。研究表明,政府RD资助带动了企业RD投入增长,但直接资助的绩效由于未考虑内生性而被整体高估,并存在较大的行业差异,研发强度越高,企业规模越小,资助绩效越好。而研发强度高、国资比重低的行业具有更高的创新产出效率。 相似文献
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基于中国医药制造业的视角,对政府科技资助与企业RD投入的关系进行实证研究。利用中国医药制造业企业2000—2015年省际面板数据,采用系统广义矩估计法(SYS-GMM)和Hansen提出的"门槛回归模型",测算政府科技资助与企业RD投入之间最优资助区间或强度。结果显示,政府科技资助与企业RD投入之间不仅存在显著促进作用,还存在门槛效应。最优资助强度(政府科技资助与RD投入比)为8.1%,随政府科技资助强度的增大,企业RD投入呈现先增大再变小的趋势,当政府科技资助强度超过19.6%,为显著负相关,总体呈倒"U"型。根据研究结果,提出优化政府资源配置的建议。 相似文献
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本文基于1999-2008年高技术产业数据,运用面板回归方法,从企业RD支出与创新产出两个方面分析比较了政府RD资助与金融信贷的知识生产效果。研究发现,不论是在促进企业RD支出还是创新产出方面,政府RD资助都比金融信贷更有效;同时,二者的知识生产效果与企业规模、产权结构显著相关,企业规模对政府RD资助与金融信贷的知识生产效果存在显著的正向效应,而产权结构对二者的知识生产效果存在显著的负面影响。 相似文献
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本文运用因子分析法获取创新主体综合变量,然后以综合变量的乘积来度量创新主体的交互作用,构建面板模型分析了创新主体及其交互作用对区域创新能力的影响。结果显示,企业、高校、科研机构以及金融机构对区域创新能力存在正向影响,且企业为影响区域创新能力的关键因素,而金融机构的影响尚不突出;企业与政府的交互作用、高校-科研机构与政府的交互作用对区域创新能力均存在正向作用,且后者大于前者,表明目前区域创新能力仍对政府与知识产出部门的合作有较强的依赖性;高校-科研机构与企业的交互作用对区域创新能力的影响并不显著,即我国产学研合作效应尚不明显。 相似文献
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《科学学研究》2017,(7)
借鉴经济学中弹性理论,将RD活动产出指标变化率与投入指标的变化率的比值定义为弹性系数,选取我国31个省市2009-2013年RD投入与产出数据,在考虑滞后期的基础上对比分析各省市RD产出对投入的敏感性,并探究RD产出对投入的弹性系数的动态演变过程。研究表明:我国大多省市RD投入对专利授权量转化效率高呈规模报酬递增;科技论文数量对RD人员全时当量的弹性系数受各省市高等院校和科研机构数量影响较大;各省市RD经费投入对科技论文数量产出的转换效率低呈规模报酬递减;对比2009年和2013年数据,各省市RD投入稳步增加,但弹性有下降趋势。因此,我国各省市科技政策制定工作的侧重点应该逐步从不断增加RD投入向合理调整RD资源的分配组合倾斜,推动各个级别的科研经费的改革与调整迫在眉睫。 相似文献
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科技资助已成为政府促进企业创新的重要政策手段。研究基于2011—2015年中关村高新技术示范区408家高技术企业的平衡面板数据,建立面板门槛回归模型,探索政府科技资助对企业创新产出的影响机制。结果表明:政府科技资助对企业创新产出的促进作用依托于企业资源门槛。具体而言,只有企业资源累积跨过门槛后,政府科技资助才能对创新产出起到显著促进作用;此外,政府科技资助与企业内部研发对企业创新产出的共同促进作用也需要以企业跨过自身资源门槛为前提。研究不仅深化了政府科技资助、企业资源与创新的机制研究,而且为政府选择资助企业提供了实践启示。 相似文献
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本文基于文献研究,构建了企业R&D投入产出的计量模型,采用我国大中型工业企业的相关数据,测度了政府科技资助、企业自筹R&D资金、金融机构贷款等对企业R&D产出的影响。进一步,分别考察了政府资助强度、企业技术特征对政府科技资助与企业R&D产出绩效关系的影响。研究发现：政府科技资助对企业的R&D产出有明显的促进作用,但是作用不及企业自筹的R&D资金;政府科技资助对中等资助强度产业的R&D产出有着明显的促进作用;政府科技资助对低、中低技术产业的R&D产出有着明显的促进作用,金融机构贷款对企业R&D产出的作用不显著。 相似文献
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本文基于文献研究,构建了企业R&D投入产出的计量模型,采用我国大中型工业企业的相关数据,测度了政府科技资助、企业自筹R&D资金、金融机构贷款等对企业R&D产出的影响。进一步,分别考察了政府资助强度、企业技术特征对政府科技资助与企业R&D产出绩效关系的影响。研究发现:政府科技资助对企业的R&D产出有明显的促进作用,但是作用不及企业自筹的R&D资金;政府科技资助对中等资助强度产业的R&D产出有着明显的促进作用;政府科技资助对低、中低技术产业的R&D产出有着明显的促进作用,金融机构贷款对企业R&D产出的作用不显著。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献