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1.
对美国海洋渔业管理制度进行梳理和研究,总结出其成功经验,以期为我国海洋渔业管理制度的创新完善提供域外参考。通过对美国海洋渔业一手文献的分析,研究其有效遏制渔业资源衰退的管理方法,并综合运用学科交叉与比较研究方法,剖析其制度运行的内在机理,即在尊重海洋生态系统前提下、科学评估海洋鱼种资源数据基础上,制定渔场重建计划,采取有限准入权、份额捕捞、过程监管及社会配套等综合管理措施对海洋渔业资源进行系统性管理。最后,针对我国海洋渔业管理制度的完善,提出应在科学评估鱼种资源最大可持续生产量基础之上创新海洋渔业管理制度,将产出控制与投入控制有机结合,探索实施符合我国国情的渔业管理计划及配额捕捞模式,从而实现海洋渔业资源可持续利用的目标诉求。 相似文献
2.
本文从法律的视角阐述了渔业和水生生物资源的概念,探讨了渔业捕捞许可、捕捞渔具和渔法管制、禁渔区（期）、重要的渔业生物资源名录、水产种质资源保护、增殖渔业资源和征收渔业资源增殖保护费、渔业水域环境保护等渔业生物资源保护法律制度以及濒危水生动植物名录制度和保护措施,并分析了其中存在的问题：主要是未依法区分渔业生物和非渔业生物、未建立明晰的重要的渔业生物资源名录、渔业资源增殖保护费缴纳义务人范围过窄、区分野生动物为“国家重点和地方重点”的立法思想缺乏科学性、环境资源立法的行政部门性和地方主义等,由此导致渔业法规与野生动物保护法规的不协调和冲突。建议依据《立法法》修改《渔业法》和《野生动物保护法》以及《自然保护区条例》,清理有关的法规,维护渔业法规和野生动物保护法规的协调性,厘清各自的适用范围,并依法建立渔业资源增殖基金和濒危水生野生动植物保护基金制度。 相似文献
3.
《学会》2021,(8)
福建省是我国海洋渔业大省,海水养殖产量位居全国第一,海洋捕捞产量位居全国第三,海洋渔业为保障优质动物蛋白供给、提高全民营养健康水平、促进渔业产业兴旺和渔民生活富裕等做出突出贡献,同时,在实现碳中和/减排二氧化碳、净化水质/缓解水域富营养化等生态服务功能方面也发挥着重要作用。该文在广泛调研福建省海洋渔业资源禀赋、发展现状、制度建设等方面的基础上,深入剖析福建省海水养殖、伏季休渔、限额捕捞、增殖渔业等面临的问题和挑战,综合分析了国内外渔业高效管理和实践的成功案例,从发展环境友好型的海水养殖业和发展资源养护型的捕捞业两个方面,提出了适宜福建省海洋渔业绿色发展的实施路径、保障措施和政策建议,以期为福建省海洋渔业绿色发展提供技术支撑。 相似文献
4.
鲑鱼渔业管理及其渔业资源的可持续利用已成为国际上十分关注的问题。本文对北太平洋鲑鱼的种类、鱼源国、洄游分布等资源状况进行分析,并对北太平洋鲑鱼渔业管理国际公约及我国政府采取一系列保护鲑鱼的措施进行讨论,指出了我国鲑鱼渔业管理中存在的主要问题：①黑龙江中上游是中俄界河,下游经俄罗斯境内注入鄂霍次克海,每年溯河洄游的鲑鱼在到达黑龙江中游与乌苏里江我国境内之前就被大量捕捞;②我国作为溯河性鱼类的鱼源国之一,至今尚未获得参与管理北太平洋鲑鱼资源的权利;③我国存在过度捕捞及渔业水域污染等问题。建议：①提高中俄渔业合作水平;②加入《北太平洋溯河性鱼类性鱼类资源养护公约》;③提高鲑鱼增殖放流的能力;④加强关于鲑鱼资源状况的调查工作;⑤保护水域环境。 相似文献
5.
关于渔业权理论的基础研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
过去20a我国渔业的迅速发展、社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立以及依法治国方略的实施,迫切要求在新的渔业法中重新构造现行的渔业权制度。本文阐述了渔业权的概念和渔业权在法律上的特点和涵义以及应该遵循的原则,分析了现行渔业权制度的缺欠,并提出了一些改革建议。作者认为,必须对渔业生物资源和渔业水体实施资产化管理,依据物权法定的原则,依法明确公民和法人取得渔业权的条件,并且顺应市场经济的要求,容许渔业权依法自由、有序地流转,才能人口出生率渔业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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WTO框架下中国渔业补贴及其出口效应研究——基于1999-2011年数据的实证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先以中央财政投入为例,根据WTO《SCM协议》和草案,分析WTO框架下中国渔业补贴的性质,发现中国渔业补贴含较多禁止性补贴;进而运用计量模型实证研究渔业补贴对我国水产品出口规模的影响,发现中央财政渔业投入对水产品出口规模没有显著影响.最后,提出相应的对策建议:中国应加强在WTO会议上的谈判权;调整渔业补贴结构,使其不会造成或加重过度捕捞;积极培育知名品牌等. 相似文献
8.
基于生态系统的东海渔业管理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于生态系统的渔业管理是目前全球渔业管理的新理念,其要求从海洋生态系统整体出发制定渔业管理决策,并运用多学科知识,加强各部门合作,实现资源开发与生态保护相协调.目前东海渔业管理面临着内外双重压力.对内,渔业资源因过度捕捞和海洋污染不断衰退;对外,中日、中韩渔业协定生效后,近海捕捞作业压力因大量渔船回归而进一步加大.因而,探索基于生态系统的管理对于解决东海渔业问题应该是一种有益尝试.实现基于生态系统的东海渔业管理首先在立法上应修订现有渔业法规,增加有关生态系统管理的规定.其次在实践中应采取多部门协作、促进利益相关者参与管理、建立海洋保护区和生态监控区、加强与日韩合作等措施,切实推进基于生态系统的渔业管理在东海实施. 相似文献
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商品房预售登记保障的是针对将来物权变动的请求权,我国学者对此项权利性质的认定均不同程度地存在缺陷。但从公法视角来探讨一般不动产物权登记制度,商品房预售登记具有行政确认行为的性质,且登记权利人享有的权利是法律出于交易安全考虑赋予其有对抗第三人效力的特殊债权请求权。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献