共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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运用高速摄影对8名优秀散打运动员后鞭腿动作进行解析分析。研究表明:各关节曲线中,髋关节速度较小且变化不大;膝关节、踝关节和脚尖的速度曲线变化明显;膝关节较早达到速度峰值,然后减速,接着在踢中目标瞬间踝和脚尖几乎同时达到速度最大值。 相似文献
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试论100m途中跑后蹬阶段技术 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
通过对100m途中跑后蹬阶段技术的生物力学分析,得出以下结论:高水平100m运动员在脚离地时相后蹬腿的膝关节没充分蹬直,是因继续后蹬所产生的后蹬力会使人体获得的有效支撑反作用力小于人体运动的阻力,造成人体作减速运动,后蹬阶段后蹬腿产生后蹬力的特点为由大到小,这是由后蹬肌群快速收缩过程中速度由慢到快的现象决定的;传统观点认为后蹬阶段后蹬腿充分蹬直能产生较大蹬地力的依据,有待进一步商榷;后蹬阶段后蹬腿的膝关节没有充分蹬直,是由膝关节肌肉的初长度、膝关节同髋关节和踝关节肌肉进行克制性收缩的初速度、缩短速度的变化及时间、肌肉收缩的力速规律等多种因素决定的;现代100m途中跑的后蹬技术是后蹬幅度大,而不是小。 相似文献
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跆拳道横踢动作的运动学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探讨了横踢动作的力学原理，就如何提高檄竭速度进行了分析。结论是：各关节速度曲线中，髋关节速度较小并且变化不大；膝关节、踝关节和脚尖的速度曲线变化明显；膝关节较早达到速度峰值，然后3dL速，接着在场中目标瞬间踝和脚尖几乎同时达到速度最大住。 相似文献
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采用ME6000表面肌电仪和SONY高速摄像机对沈阳体育学院9名优秀速度滑冰运动员在模拟滑道训练中进行同步分析。结果表明：速度滑冰运动员侧蹬腿与支撑腿表面肌电原始电压有显著差异,左右伸膝肌群（腓外、腓内）在滑行过程中放电高于其他肌群;左腿为侧蹬腿时,半腱肌在膝关节折叠成小角度时放电最为明显;双支撑阶段右腿屈伸肌群表面肌电标准化电压在膝关节角为110～120°时达到最大值,在膝关节角大于120°之后肌肉力量降低明显。 相似文献
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通过对男子短跑运动员100m途中跑垂直缓冲时段运动学参数的灰色关联度分析，得出以下结论：下肢的关节点的夹角及上臂摆幅与跑速高度相关，各环节角度变化将影响短跑运动员跑进时的前蹬阻力及后蹬腿的蹬地方向，进而影响后蹬腿对地做功的有效功率。由此可见，增加短跑运动员途中跑垂直缓冲时段髋关节、膝关节及上臂前摆幅将有助于提高短跑的跑速。 相似文献
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文章探讨了右直拳动作的力学原理,并对如何提高右直拳速度进行了分析研究。结论认为:各关节速度曲线中肩关节速度最早变化且肩角变化在80-90°之间;肘关节、腕关节、拳峰速度曲线变化明显比肩关节较早达到速度峰值,在击中目标瞬间腕、拳峰几乎同时达到速度最大值。 相似文献
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蛙泳训练中最易出现膝关节损伤,其主要原因有蹬腿用力不当、局部疲劳、动作技术不正确、用力不合理等。研究发现,正确的腿部力量训练和拉伸练习,能有效预防少儿蛙泳选手膝关节的损伤。 相似文献
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“后蹬跑”是传统的跑的专门练习之一,要求后蹬腿充分伸直,是传统上改进跑的技术和提高后蹬能力的重要方法之一。“屈蹬跑”是新式短跑技术,其后蹬结束时不象传统跑那样后蹬腿完全伸直,而是在膝关节处有一定的角度(膝夹角为150度-156度)。世界短跑名将刘易斯等都采用“屈蹬跑”技术。 相似文献
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我国优秀散打运动员侧边腿下肢运动的速度特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用两台高速摄像机对我国 3名优秀散打运动员的 12次侧边腿动作进行同步拍摄 ,并用国产爱捷录像分析系统进行DLT三维解析 ,结果表明 :下肢髋、膝、踝、脚尖 4个关节点具有明显鞭打的特征 ;脚尖在打击时的三个速度分量中 ,只有在弹踢方向的速度分量接近最大值 ;脚尖、踝和膝等三关节点在打击过程中有一个先向外侧运动 ,然后向内侧弹踢的运动过程 ,关节的这种反向运动既增加了做功距离 ,同时也增加了肌肉的打击力量 相似文献
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Paul Ward A. Mark Williams Simon J. Bennett 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):107-112
Purpose The purposes of this study were to: (a) examine the effect of experience and goal constraints (speed, accuracy) on kicking patterns; (b) determine if effective striking mass was independent of ankle velocity at impact; and (c) determine the accuracy of kicks relative to independent factors. Method Twenty participants were recruited to kick at 3 different velocities with and without an accuracy requirement. Multivariate analysis of variance determined if relative timing of joint angular velocities changed during the kick. Chi-square analysis determined if calculated effective mass was independent of ankle velocity at impact. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine differences in absolute constant error and variable error according to independent factors. Results Results indicated that experience and speed affect absolute timing of joint velocities with no changes in the relative timing of peak joint velocity across independent factors. Chi-square analysis indicated that calculated effective mass is not independent of ankle velocity. ANOVA indicated that experienced performers displayed less variability error than did inexperienced performers. Conclusion It was concluded that: (a) Experience, velocity, and accuracy do not affect the relative timing of kicks; (b) kickers trade ankle velocity at impact for greater effective striking mass and ball velocity; and (c) variability in ball placement is affected by experience. 相似文献
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Abstract The lunge is regularly used in badminton and is recognized for the high physical demands it places on the lower limbs. Despite its common occurrence, little information is available on the biomechanics of lunging in the singles game. A video-based pilot study confirmed the relatively high frequency of lunging, ～15% of all movements, in competitive singles games. The biomechanics and performance characteristics of three badminton-specific lunge tasks (kick, step-in, and hop lunge) were investigated in the laboratory with nine experienced male badminton players. Ground reaction forces and kinematic data were collected and lower limb joint kinetics calculated using an inverse dynamics approach. The step-in lunge was characterized by significantly lower mean horizontal reaction force at drive-off and lower mean peak hip joint power than the kick lunge. The hop lunge resulted in significantly larger mean reaction forces during loading and drive-off phases, as well as significantly larger mean peak ankle joint moments and knee and ankle joint powers than the kick or step-in lunges. These findings indicate that, within the setting of this investigation, the step-in lunge may be beneficial for reducing the muscular demands of lunge recovery and that the hop lunge allows for higher positive power output, thereby presenting an efficient lunging method. 相似文献
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A non-rotational (NR) shot is now a well-known scoring move in soccer. To execute the NR shot, it is necessary to deprive the ball of any rotational forces during the impact phase. To execute the NR shot, it is natural that the force vector acting from the foot would pass through the ball’s center of gravity; however, the coordinated motion of the lower limb joint’s angular displacement and the pelvis is still unclear. The aim of this study is to estimate the coordinated leg and pelvis motion during the NR shot as compared to that during instep kicking. Four right-leg dominant college league players were asked to perform a NR shot and an instep kick a total of 10 times each. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angular displacements in the sagittal plane and pelvis yaw and roll rotational motions during both types of kicks were calculated with 14 IR reflective markers using a 3D real-time motion analysis system with a 250-Hz sampling. The Euclidean distances of the joint space of the NR shot and the instep kick were also calculated to detect similarities in the coordinated motion of the lower limb. The results showed that the lower limb joint motions in the sagittal plane were not different; however, the pelvis roll and yaw motions were apparently different, and these phenomena could simulate a pendulum motion with changes in both the vertical and horizontal displacements. These results suggest that the coordinated motion of the lower limb joint’s angular displacement shows high similarity between the NR shot and the instep kick, and the pelvis roll and yaw synchronized orientation is essential for achieving the NR shot. 相似文献
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目的:检测太极拳蹬腿动作支撑腿和动作腿的协调活动,揭示中枢双重命令下的下肢运动控制的特征.方法:太极拳运动员和初学者各10人,分两组.记录太极蹬腿动作时下肢肌肌电图、双下肢关节的角运动、足底中心压力的移位.每次试验8 s完成,重复5次.统计处理后,做肌电、运动和平衡分析.鲒果:两组间支撑腿的EMG、关节活动和COP位移出现了在形态上和幅度上的差别,但是在动作腿多表现在幅度上的差别.运动员支撑腿的平均EMG都高于初学者,只有股直肌有显著差异;运动员膝和髋关节的平均最大运动角度小于初学者,踝关节的平均最大运动角度稍稍比初学者大,只有髋关节的平均最大运动角度较为显著.运动员动作腿的平均EMG只有股直肌和胫骨前肌显著地高于初学者,而臀中肌显著地低于初学者;所有关节的平均最大运动角度都是运动员的显著大于初学者.平均足底中心压力的侧方和前后方位移都是运动员的显著大于初学者.运动员动作腿的起始运动约250～350ms,滞后于支撑腿起始运动的延迟时间.结论:运动员和初学者都可以用踝-髋策略来调节单腿直立的姿势平衡,但是运动员能够启动一个根据任务需要的前馈控制技术,通过下肢肌的积极活动,预先形成一个对抗蹬腿反作用力干扰的姿势稳定.因此,训练太极拳可以获得这个前馈控制技术.持续降低重心时,初学者的蹬腿和支撑两任务间出现了相互冲突. 相似文献
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Abstract The purpose of the present study was to compare the three-dimensional kinematics of the lower extremities and ground reaction forces between the instep kick and the kick with the outside area of the foot (outstep kick) in pubertal soccer players. Ten pubertal soccer players performed consecutive kicking trials in random order after a two-step angled approach with the instep and the outstep portion of the foot. Three-dimensional data and ground reaction forces were measured during kicking. Paired t-tests indicated significantly higher (P < 0.05) ball speeds and ball/foot speed ratios for the instep kick compared with the outstep kick. Non-significant differences in angular and linear sagittal plane kinematic parameters, temporal characteristics, and ground reaction forces between the instep and outstep soccer kicks were observed (P > 0.05). In contrast, analysis of variance indicated that the outstep kick displayed higher hip internal rotation and abduction, knee internal rotation, and ankle inversion than the instep kick (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the instep kick is more powerful than the outstep kick and that different types of kick require different types of skill training. 相似文献
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There is a paucity of data describing the lofted instep kick and little information on the kinematic differences between male and female footballers. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the differences in motion patterns between the sexes. A four-camera motion analysis system videoed 13 amateur footballers (7 female and 6 male) attempting a standardised task that represented a lofted instep kick of approximately 35 m. Footballers performed 20 kicks, with the three trials categorised closest to the standardised distance retained for statistical analysis. Three-dimensional motion patterns for kicks of 35 m illustrated that female footballers produced greater fluctuation in movement patterns for pelvic, hip joint and thoracolumbar spine motion in the frontal plane; thorax and hip joint transverse rotation; and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion motion. Peak hip extension (P = 0.018), impact hip abduction (P = 0.032), impact ankle plantar flexion (P = 0.030) and resultant ball velocity (P = 0.004) differed significantly between sexes. Principle component analysis highlighted associations between kinematic variables related to ball velocity and sex including a reduced hip abduction and increased internal rotation approaching impact, and greater peak knee flexion, respectively. In summary, increased variation in direction of segment motion, increased backswing and formation of a tension arc by females compared to males, may be related to anthropometric, strength and muscle activation differences. Specifically, this exploratory study indicates future research would benefit from exploring trunk, pelvis and hip kinematics and kinetics, and whether training the trunk, pelvis and hip musculature assists female footballers. 相似文献
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狄建 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(5):54-56
应用阻力与速度的平方成正比定律[1][2],审视在竞赛速度条件下游泳体位与打腿配合技术。认为身体水中姿态与打腿技术的合理性与否在于通过技术动作所产生的推进阻力纯值的大小来给予评价。以此为依据,提出在竞赛条件下,游泳体位姿态与打腿配合技术相关的两种新技术观点:对水中人体姿态流线型的新诠释;快频率、小幅度打腿技术在竞赛速度条件下对水中游泳体位的影响。 相似文献