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1.
女子少年运动员髋关节力量特征及其与短跑、跳跃成绩的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20世纪80年代后,短跑技术发生了质的改变,短跑技术的本质被认为是以髋为轴的快速摆动,注重发展髋关节肌肉力量的摆动技术日益受到人们的重视。各国科研人员运用各种高科技手段对以髋为核心的短跑技术和力量训练,展开了广泛的研究。大多数研究都针对高水平运动员,而对少年运动员肌肉特征及其年龄变化特点的研究则相对较少。 相似文献
2.
现代短跑力量训练师以速度为核心,力量素质对运动员取得优异成绩起着至关重要的作用。腰髋力量训练的好与坏,将决定短跑成绩的优劣。本文针对短跑运动员腰髋力量训练的特点进行一定的探讨。 相似文献
3.
腰髋力量在短跑运动中起着重要作用,发展腰髋力量可大幅度提高运动员成绩。目前,腰髋部力量练习已成为短跑运动员力量训练的重中之重,应引起广大教练员、运动员的重视。本文将对腰髋部力量的意义及训练方法进行阐述。 相似文献
4.
现代短跑力量训练是以速度为核心,以肌肉专项收缩形式为依据而进行的专项力量训练。根据运动员下肢力量的特点,首先应该选择伸髋、伸踝、屈膝、屈髋、仲膝的力量进行练习;练习的肌肉首先应选择臀大肌、股二头肌、髂腰肌、半腱肌、半膜肌和小腿三头肌;练习的部位依次是髋关节、足关节和膝关节。 相似文献
5.
蒋惠珍 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2006,24(3)
通过对现代短跑运动员专项力量特点的分析,指出现代短跑运动员专项力量训练必须摆脱长久以来形成的以提高后蹬效果为主的技术理论与训练方法,树立以髋为轴的高速摆动技术与摆动力量的指导思想。 相似文献
6.
腰髋力量在短跑运动中起着重要作用，发展腰髋力量可大幅度提高运动成绩。目前，腰髋部力量练习已成为短跑运动员力量训练的重中之重，应引起广大教练员、运动员的重视。本文将对腰髋部力量的意义及训练方法进行阐述。 相似文献
7.
正短跑是支撑与腾空相交替,蹬与摆相结合的体能类速度——力量型周期性运动项目。短跑是速度与力量的较量,短跑运动员工作肌群的最大力量、快速力量、力量耐力与短跑的成绩密切相关。随着现代短跑技术的发展,力量训练的理念和方法应该与时俱进。因此,研究符合现代短跑技术的专项力量训练非常重要。专项力量训练是运动训练理论研究的热点问题,而力量训练手段的优化则是解决运动实践问题的迫切需要。目前,体育界普遍一致的观点是:快速力量是短跑力量训练的核心,以髋为 相似文献
8.
9.
在短跑中,＂放松＂技术已成为一项重要的技术因素。在短跑中放松可以使肌肉协调用力,增强关节的灵活性和柔韧性,增大运动幅度,通过放松可以使髋关节周围肌肉协调用力,可以使髋在运动中发挥最大的作用,以增强髋关节的运动能力。同时,＂放松＂可以促进运动员肌肉力量均衡发展,有利于肌肉力量充分发挥,以取得更好的成绩。 相似文献
10.
青少年短跑运动员核心力量的训练 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
短跑运动训练体系下的力量训练是短跑的重要训练内容。而现代短跑训练无论是理论的发展还是技术的革新都对运动员核心力量提出了很高的要求。从而也促使教练员进一步转变了短跑力量训练的观念,拓展了短跑力量训练的内容,丰富了短跑力量训练的方法和手段。短跑以核心力量为重点,强调与之平衡、协调的肢节力量（特别是踝关节的反应力量）的体系性力量训练理论,已逐步被越来越多的教练员接受并附诸实施。而发展提高核心环节的力量素质对青少年短跑运动员显得尤为重要。 相似文献
11.
高新友 《西安体育学院学报》2007,24(4):76-79
利用"BioSpace"身体成份分析仪,通过对赛艇、短跑和艺术体操女子优秀运动员体液分布特征的实验研究,结果发现:短跑运动员下肢体液指数及细胞内液指数较大,赛艇运动员上肢体液指数及细胞外液指数较大;根据不同项目运动员体液分布的变化可监测和评价运动训练效果;通过比较不同运动员细胞内、外液比例关系可间接推测其肌纤维百分组成的差异。 相似文献
12.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 7 weeks of high- and low-velocity resistance training on strength and sprint running performance in nine male elite junior sprint runners (age 19.0 - 1.4 years, best 100 m times 10.89 - 0.21 s; mean - s ). The athletes continued their sprint training throughout the study, but their resistance training programme was replaced by one in which the movement velocities of hip extension and flexion, knee extension and flexion and squat exercises varied according to the loads lifted (i.e. 30-50% and 70-90% of 1-RM in the high- and low-velocity training groups, respectively). There were no between-group differences in hip flexion or extension torque produced at 1.05, 4.74 or 8.42 rad·s -1 , 20 m acceleration or 20 m 'flying' running times, or 1-RM squat lift strength either before or after training. This was despite significant improvements in 20 m acceleration time ( P ? 0.01), squat strength ( P ? 0.05), isokinetic hip flexion torque at 4.74 rad·s -1 and hip extension torque at 1.05 and 4.74 rad·s -1 for the athletes as a whole over the training period. Although velocity-specific strength adaptations have been shown to occur rapidly in untrained and non-concurrently training individuals, the present results suggest a lack of velocity-specific performance changes in elite concurrently training sprint runners performing a combination of traditional and semi-specific resistance training exercises. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 7 weeks of high- and low-velocity resistance training on strength and sprint running performance in nine male elite junior sprint runners (age 19.0+/-1.4 years, best 100 m times 10.89+/-0.21 s; mean +/- s). The athletes continued their sprint training throughout the study, but their resistance training programme was replaced by one in which the movement velocities of hip extension and flexion, knee extension and flexion and squat exercises varied according to the loads lifted (i.e. 30-50% and 70-90% of 1-RM in the high- and low-velocity training groups, respectively). There were no between-group differences in hip flexion or extension torque produced at 1.05, 4.74 or 8.42 rad x s(-1), 20 m acceleration or 20 m 'flying' running times, or 1-RM squat lift strength either before or after training. This was despite significant improvements in 20 m acceleration time (P < 0.01), squat strength (P < 0.05), isokinetic hip flexion torque at 4.74 rad x s(-1) and hip extension torque at 1.05 and 4.74 rad x s(-1) for the athletes as a whole over the training period. Although velocity-specific strength adaptations have been shown to occur rapidly in untrained and nonconcurrently training individuals, the present results suggest a lack of velocity-specific performance changes in elite concurrently training sprint runners performing a combination of traditional and semi-specific resistance training exercises. 相似文献
14.
运用IsoMed2000型肌力测试系统，选择60°/s和240°/s，对23名优秀男子散打运动员（健将级9名为A组，国家一级14名为B组）支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝屈伸肌群各项等速肌力指标进行测量。探讨优秀散打运动员支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力特征，分析两腿的肌力差异，判断肌力平衡、关节稳定，运动员等级水平对肌力的影响。结果：国家健将级散打运动员双侧下肢髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力及稳定性显著优于国家一级运动员，支撑腿主要体现力的有效传递及稳定性，进攻腿主要体现屈伸肌力大小。 相似文献
15.
Terry J. Housh William G. Thorland Gerald D. Tharp Glen O. Johnson Craig J. Cisar 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):347-350
Abstract Sixty-two elite adolescent (age: 16.39 ± 1.62 yrs) female track and field athletes volunteered to be measured isokinetically for peak torque of the leg flexors and extensors. The sample included 16 throwers, 11 jumpers, 12 middle-distance runners (> 400 m), and 23 sprinters. A Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure dominant leg strength at 180°/sec. One-way ANOVA revealed significant between group differences for absolute flexion and extension (Nm), extension/body weight (Nm/Kg), and extension/lean body weight (Nm/Kg). Scheffe post-hoc comparisons showed that, for absolute leg extension strength, throwers were stronger than middle-distance runners (by 54.4%), sprinters (35.6%), and jumpers (23.6%). For absolute leg flexion movements, throwers were stronger than middle distance runners (37.4%) and sprinters (32.1%). Jumpers had greater extension peak torque values than middle-distance runners relative to body weight (14.0%), and throwers were stronger than middle-distance runners for extension/lean body weight (14.9%)). No other comparisons were significant. However, when strength was expressed relative to body weight or lean body weight, there were few differences between events for flexion or extension. Given that absolute strength scores were correlated with body weight and lean body weight, peak torque/body weight or peak torque/lean body weight may be more sensitive than absolute values as indicators of underlying factors (such as training status or fiber type composition) responsible for the differences in muscular strength between groups. 相似文献
16.
自由式滑雪女子空中技巧优秀运动员下肢肌力与静态平衡能力特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用等速测试和平衡测试方法,对我国优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧女子运动员的髋关节、膝关节屈肌力和伸肌力以及4种站姿下的静态平衡能力特征进行研究。结果表明髋关节右侧屈伸肌力、屈伸肌力比、平均功率值稍大于左侧屈肌力量,膝关节伸肌左、右侧单位体重峰力矩和左、右侧平均功率4个指标数值均大于屈肌,在60°/s（慢速）和240°/s（快速）不同的测试速度下,单位体重屈伸峰力矩、屈伸平均功率、屈伸肌力、平均功率随着测试速度的增加出现了显著性差异;正常双脚站立的平衡性大于单脚站立的平衡性。建议合理控制体重及均衡的训练肌肉力量,在适度提高运动速度的情况下,加强下肢伸肌力量的训练,为运动员进行针对性的力量训练、训练后肌肉效果的评价、运动员选材提供科学依据及有价值的理论参考。 相似文献
17.
对短冲类运动员力量组合训练的理论探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用文献法和综合分析法，探讨了短冲类运动员力量组合训练的生理、应用等方面的特点及在运用过程中应注意的问题，旨在为短冲类运动项目训练实践的科学化提供参考依据。 相似文献
18.
Richard A. Brindle D. David Ebaugh John D. Willson Margaret A. Finley Patricia A. Shewokis Clare E. Milner 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(20):2291-2297
ABSTRACT A large peak hip adduction angle during running is a risk factor for several overuse injuries in women. The purpose of this study was to determine if female runners with a large peak hip adduction angle have differences in eccentric hip abductor muscle strength, hip neuromuscular control, and/or hip width to femoral length ratio (HW:FL) compared to those with a small angle. Hip adduction during running, hip strength, hip control, and HW:FL were measured in sixty healthy female runners (1.66 ± 0.06 m; 63.2 ± 8.3 kg; 27 ± 6 years). Data from twenty runners with the largest and twenty with the smallest peak hip adduction angles were analysed. Between-group differences in hip strength, control, and HW:FL were determined using independent t-tests (p < 0.05). Variables that were significantly different between groups were entered into a regression model. Runners in both groups had similar hip strength (p = 0.90) and control (p = 0.65). HW:FL was greater in the large peak angle group (p = 0.04), but only explained a small amount of peak hip adduction angle variance for all sixty runners (R2 = 0.05). Alarge peak hip adduction angle in some healthy female runners may simply be instinctive as there were no deficiencies in the strength or neuromuscular control constructs assessed. 相似文献
19.
目的:研究静态牵拉对优秀女体操运动员跳马运动在不同时段产生的体能和预激活增强效应(PAP)诱导后对完成跳马任务的心理效果。方法:研究对象为6名国家健将级体操女运动员;采用单组多重前后测试研究方法;利用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行数据分析,P<0.05有统计学差异。结果干预后髋关节柔韧度有效提高的同时,屈膝纵跳峰值力具有先衰后增强的轨迹,有效时段为4-16min,8min为最佳PAP时段。结论 :静态牵拉及屈膝纵跳能增加实验对象的柔韧度及下肢力量;预激活增强效应能否有效提高跳马质量尚需要进一步研究。 相似文献
20.
Nicholas Tam Jordan Santos-Concejero Ross Tucker Robert P. Lamberts Lisa K. Micklesfield 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(4):456-461
Impact loading in athletes participating in various sports has been positively associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD), but this has not been investigated in elite Kenyan runners. Body composition and site-specific BMD measures quantified with dual x-ray absorptiometry were measured in 15 elite male Kenyan runners and 23 apparently healthy South African males of different ethnicities. Training load and biomechanical variables associated with impact loading, such as joint stiffness, were determined in the elite Kenyan runners. Greater proximal femur (PF) BMD (g · cm?2) was higher (P = 0.001, ES = 1.24) in the elite Kenyan runners compared with the controls. Six of the 15 (40%) Kenyan runners exhibited lumbar spine (LS) Z-Scores below ?2.0 SD, whereas this was not found in the apparently healthy controls. PFBMD was associated with training load (r = 0.560, P = 0.003) and ankle (r = 0.710, P = 0.004) and knee (r = 0.546, P = 0.043) joint stiffness. Elite Kenyan runners exhibit greater PFBMD than healthy controls, which is associated with higher training load and higher joint stiffness. Our results reaffirm the benefits of impact loading on BMD at a weight-bearing site, while a high prevalence of low LSBMD in the elite Kenyan runners is hypothesised to be the result of a mismatch between energy intake and high training load. Future research investigating energy availability in Kenyan runners and the possible association with musculoskeletal injury should be investigated. 相似文献