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1.
开放性有利于企业获取更多的创新机会,但开放式创新过程中也需要考虑独占性损失的风险,因为独占性对企业创新新颖性和效率等绩效存在重要的影响。本研究旨在剖析独占性机制和开放性对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效的影响。整合企业跨界搜索理论与知识保护理论,基于332家广东省制造业企业的问卷调查数据,探讨开放性与独占性机制对创新漏斗不同阶段的创新绩效影响。研究发现：正式独占性机制的使用负向影响创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,半正式独占性机制的使用有利于提升创新漏斗创意形成阶段的创新效率,而非正式独占性机制则有助于创新漏斗创意形成和新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性的提升;另外,创新新颖性通过创新漏斗整个阶段的横向合作开放性来解释,尤其是与高校科研院所的合作,与竞争对手合作开放性对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新新颖性积极正相关,而垂直合作开放性则对新产品开发与商业化阶段的创新效率具有正相关关系。 相似文献
2.
Emilie-Pauline Gallié 《Research Policy》2012,41(4):780-794
In attempting to protect their innovations, firms can choose from a range of mechanisms, which may be either non-statutory (trade secrets, design complexity, and lead-time advantage over competitors) or statutory (patent, design registration, trademark, copyright). Yet, little is known about how firms do actually make their choices from among these different appropriability mechanisms. The aim of this paper is to determine how French firms’ use of intellectual property protection mechanisms relates to the type of innovation, the characteristics of the market sector in which they operate, the firms’ characteristics, and their human resources strategies. Our empirical model draws on four French databases covering the period 2001-2004. Our results show that the choice of a means of protection matters and emerges out of a complex strategy. Our results also reveal that the different statutory and non-statutory means of protection are complementary within their own categories but hardly so between categories. 相似文献
3.
服务创新是专业服务业生存和发展的基础,由于其创新产出的可模仿性和难以保护性,导致专业服务业的创新动力不足,在我国弱产权保护体制下,专业服务业创新面临更严峻的挑战。基于对专业服务业创新独占性机制的探索性案例研究得出三个主要结论：（1）专业服务业创新独占性机制是专业服务企业避免创新被模仿,保护和占有自己创新活动回报的行为总和,同时包含“防御型”策略内部隔离和产权保护,以及“进攻型”策略顾客锚定三种微观机制,且以“进攻型”策略为主,“防御型”策略为辅。（2）专业服务业创新保护的目的以获取持续收益为主,阻止模仿为辅。（3）内部隔离、产权保护和顾客锚定在阻止模仿和持续收益均存在不同程度的积极效应。 相似文献
4.
Gary Pisano 《Research Policy》2006,35(8):1122-1130
This paper reviews the contribution of Teece's article [Teece, D., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy 15, 285-305.]. It then re-examines the core concept of appropriability in the light of recent developments in the business environment. Whereas twenty years ago the appropriability regime of an industry was exogenous and given, today they are often the product of conscious strategies of firms. And as open source software and other industries show, advantageous appropriability regimes are not always “tight” or characterized by strong intellectual property protections. The strategies adopted by firms that have successfully profited from their innovative activities cast into new light old questions about the impact of intellectual property protection on the rate and direction of innovation. 相似文献
5.
分析数字图书馆建设和服务中存在的知识产权问题,从人为和社会因素角度,分析这些因素对数字图书馆知识产权管理的影响,提出知识产权管理策略。 相似文献
6.
知识产权保护是促进自主创新的重要手段.在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上.结合博弈论讨论开发商与盗版商在不同制度环境下的策略选择,以及影响厂商盗版的主要因素,最后对均衡结果进行分析并提出建议. 相似文献
7.
《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103771
Innovation is a cumulative process in which past knowledge created by others can be both a source for predictable outcomes and also a barrier to significant change. The recent literature on digital innovation suggests that open platforms, which encourage their developers to build upon each other's knowledge when innovating their add-on apps in the periphery, face a related paradox. Developers face the tension of either being coherent with the past, or flexible to adjust to the future. In this paper, we examine how the trade-off between coherent and flexible search mechanisms affects the individual developer's choice of innovating a certain app as well as his or her cumulative impact, i.e., the degree of modifications to the app. We study an open platform in the multi-disciplinary field of nanotechnology, in which 480 developers perform more than 30,000 problem-solving actions over a period of 10 years. We use relational event modeling to differentially assess the effect of the coherent and flexible search strategies. We find that developers are significantly more likely to choose a certain app that is consistent with both a coherent and flexible strategy. However, a coherent strategy leads to greater cumulative impact on an app compared to a strategy of being mutually coherent and flexible. Thus, our findings indicate both a complementary and a contradictory logic in how the tension between coherence and flexibility unfolds. We make contributions to the recent literature on digital innovation as well as the innovation literature more broadly. Further, our results inform innovation policy and platform design. 相似文献
8.
近20年来,中国企业创新活动陷入一个两难的困境,企业“不愿”甚至“不敢”进行创新活动。为改善创新的制度环境,2008年中国政府开始实施国家知识产权战略。本文旨在评估产权制度改革的实施效果。研究发现,第一,中国知识产权战略激励了企业的创新活动,能够保护企业创新。知识产权战略通过提高企业间知识侵权的违法成本来达到“保护创新”的目的,不过,行政保护和产权保护环境这两种保护机制很难对创新成果起到改善的作用。第二,中国知识产权战略并没有明显的改善创新质量,企业发明专利数量和新产品产值率均没有明显的提高。若长此以往,企业可能会陷入“不愿创新”的怪圈中,反过来亦会“伤害创新”。第三,相对于非高新技术企业,知识产权战略对高新技术企业的创新投入和创新质量的改善强度更大。需要注意的是,知识产权战略抑制了非高新技术企业的创新质量,也就是说,非高新技术企业干扰了中国知识产权战略的实施效果。那么,一方面中国政府应当继续实施知识产权战略,特别是重点落实知识产权争端的司法惩戒力度;另一方面,中国政府应当关注这一战略实施对非高新技术企业所带来的潜在影响。 相似文献
9.
Communication of post-release plans in crowdfunding development initiatives: A signaling perspective
Significant research explores how developers leverage crowdfunding to attract finance for releasing digital goods. However, researchers seldom study “post-release activities” that are crucial for maintaining and advancing those goods. This article elaborates on the challenging nature of post-release activities for crowdfunding initiatives, asking how developers communicate their post-release plans to effectively prepare backers for possible changes. Using a grounded approach that connects the longitudinal history of fundraising to development to post-release, I examine initiatives that achieved impressive fundraising and development results yet varied significantly in their post-release outcomes. While they consistently signaled post-release plans, the differences are the signals’ costs, backers' reactions, and the post-release activities and outcomes. I present theoretical propositions that (1) developers benefit in the long run by combining high-cost signaling with engaging backers in follow-up conversations about post-release issues and (2) prospective backers can utilize developers' communication to identify their post-release signals. Unlike dominant research findings about signals’ impacts on mobilizing resources during fundraising, the findings emphasize signals’ post-release consequences for stakeholders. While different signaling approaches can enhance short-term performance, they also seed contrasting longer-term outcomes for developers, backers, and the industry. These findings advance knowledge on effective strategies for engaging society to build sustainable digital goods. 相似文献
10.
针对高技术联盟中日益突出的创新独占问题,通过对我国高技术行业的联盟企业276份有效问卷调查,探索双元导向创新独占机制对联盟绩效的作用机理。结果表明,正式化或非正式化导向创新独占机制都与联盟绩效间存在显著的倒U型关系,且双元导向创新独占机制对联盟绩效的影响优于单一导向创新独占机制的影响,同时,知识流动在双元导向创新独占机制及其交互项与联盟绩效的关系中均起了部分中介作用。说明适度的创新独占机制可以为联盟有效的知识流动创造一个信任、公平和政策透明的创新环境,进而提升联盟绩效,而且不同导向创新独占机制的作用存在差异。研究结果揭示了联盟中创新独占机制作用路径,为高技术联盟企业协调不同导向创新独占机制实践提供了指导。 相似文献
11.
论图书馆数字资源服务的知识产权侵权风险 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对图书馆数字资源服务知识产权风险频发,结合图书馆服务实践分析了知识产权风险发生的时空点与种类:数据库服务时的知识产权风险;视频点播服务时的知识产权风险;数字参考咨询服务时的知识产权风险。提出了降低、防范知识产权风险的策略:提高知识产权保护意识;加强知识产权管理;依法服务;技术保护等。首次在图书馆界提出数字资源服务时需熟悉合理使用界限,掌握法定许可条件等依法服务的防范知识产权风险发生的建议与策略。 相似文献
12.
Joel West 《Research Policy》2003,32(7):1259-1285
Computer platforms provide an integrated architecture of hardware and software standards as a basis for developing complementary assets. The most successful platforms were owned by proprietary sponsors that controlled platform evolution and appropriated associated rewards.Responding to the Internet and open source systems, three traditional vendors of proprietary platforms experimented with hybrid strategies which attempted to combine the advantages of open source software while retaining control and differentiation. Such hybrid standards strategies reflect the competing imperatives for adoption and appropriability, and suggest the conditions under which such strategies may be preferable to either the purely open or purely proprietary alternatives. 相似文献
13.
在“大国竞争”背景下,337调查扩大了中美两国在知识产权领域的摩擦风险。本文从“美国优先”的视角讨论了337调查“保护美国国内产业”的本质,分析了“中国崛起”下的涉华337调查现状,并结合对中美“不对称”竞争格局以及美国相关政策的探讨,预测未来337调查的发展趋势。本文认为,涉华337调查数量仍会居于全球首位,而未来需要重点关注的领域则是5G通信、人工智能和生物医药等行业。最后,本文从政府层面提出相应的政策建议,旨在帮助企业顺利完成“走出去”战略和提升我国在国际知识产权保护体系中的话语权。 相似文献
14.
提高我国向沿线国家的专利申请质量是“一带一路”高质量发展和知识产权强国建设的内在要求,文章从专利申请质量的内涵出发,围绕技术质量和文本质量两个维度,选取7个指标构建了专利申请质量指标体系,使用结构熵权法确立权重,对我国向“一带一路”沿线国家的专利申请质量进行了测度研究。结果表明：我国向沿线国家的专利申请质量显著高于国内专利申请,高质量专利较多集中在数字通信、计算机技术、有机精细化学和电气机械设备等领域;我国向俄罗斯的专利申请整体质量最高,而向印度的申请整体质量较低;从申请来源省份看,北京等5个东部省份向沿线国家专利申请具有高数量-高质量特征,表现出较强的对外申请实力。 相似文献
15.
标准创新生态系统治理与知识产权战略演化 《科学学研究》2021,39(7):1326-1334
数字经济创新主体要获取价值,需更好的理解平台和创新生态系统动态。创新生态系统治理与知识产权战略运用,有助于提升技术标准化效率。基于历史文献的移动通信标准跨代多案例研究,揭示知识产权战略管理与标准创新生态系统治理机制的互动演化,探讨开放式创新环境下独占机制、知识产权制度与企业从创新中获利的交互作用。研究发现：其一,移动通信标准创新生态系统治理机制呈现出四大演化趋势,知识产权成为标准创新生态治理的重要手段;其二,伴随标准代际更替及创新生态系统治理的演进,移动通信产业知识产权管理经历了“反专利—亲专利—亲许可—亲诉讼”的战略演化路径;其三,开放式创新环境下独占机制、互补与替代性资产、知识产权战略之间彼此相互作用。互补与替代性资产差异下企业存在独占策略与路径选择差异。 相似文献
16.
开放式创新下,知识产权的占有和使用途径更为多样化,知识产权管理已不再是"成功的创新需要控制",而是更多地关注知识产权的跨组织流动和优化配置,探索知识产权管理与开放式创新有机结合的模式。为此,创新企业应采用积极的和系统的知识产权管理策略,实现知识产权有效利用和增值。 相似文献
17.
数字图书馆知识产权风险管理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章首先描述了数字图书馆风险管理的过程,分析和借鉴企业管理理论框架,建立数字图书馆知识产权风险管理框架,然后提出数字图书馆知识产权风险识别模型和风险分析与评估的方法,最后介绍风险策略以及如何进行风险决策。 相似文献
18.
在一个组织乃至整个社会中,认知差异往往构成组织冲突的重要成因。研究基于知识管理理论与认知理论,以转基因技术产品为例,对群体对立认知的形成机制与互动模式进行探索式案例研究。研究发现持不同观点态度的群体可以追溯到其不同的知识架构基础,例如支持("挺转")群体的专业知识逻辑和方法逻辑,抵制("反转")群体的非专业知识逻辑、生活经验和职业经历,及其基于不同知识架构的信息搜寻和筛选策略,进而形成不同的认知模式和认知对象,故提出一个整合性的认知框架。研究还发现支持群体在互动中演化出正面自证和推翻质疑两种应对策略。这些结果对于消除认知偏见、企业制定市场进入战略和政府政策制定都有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104790
Unpaid individuals are an important source of contributions to many ecosystems. An understudied phenomenon is how such contributions are shaped by competition. In this paper, we study how the rate and type of new product creation are shaped by competition. We contrast its impact on “paid” developers that profit by selling their products to that on “unpaid” developers that release their software for free. Using a hand-collected dataset on the jailbreak ecosystem, we find that increasing competition has a stronger negative effect on the rate of innovation by paid developers than that of unpaid developers. We also find that increasing competition is associated with a reduction in the reuse of existing technological components by unpaid developers, relative to paid developers, suggesting that the types of products developed also shift as competition increases. The results suggest that competition has an important role in shaping innovation in platform-based ecosystems, but that it differs for paid and unpaid contributors. 相似文献
20.
《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103727
Equity crowdfunding platforms are at the center of the digital transformation of early-stage venture funding. These digital platforms were originally heralded as a democratizing force in early stage finance, due to their role in facilitating the exchange between entrepreneurs and a multitude of non-professional small investors (“the crowd”). Equity crowdfunding platforms have experienced considerable growth and now attract professional investors including business angels. The presence of angels alongside the crowd on equity crowdfunding platforms has raised questions whether these digital platforms can continue to play their role in democratizing access to capital. Using data from a leading equity crowdfunding platform, we examine the interplay between the investment decisions of angels and the crowd. We find evidence of information flows in crowdfunding platforms between angels, and from angels to the crowd. We find angels play an important role in funding of large ventures, whereas the crowd not only fill the funding gaps for such large ventures but also play a pivotal role in the funding of small ones. The complementarity between angels and crowd investors seems to increase the overall efficiency in an otherwise highly asymmetric and uncertain market, confirming that digitization can indeed bring important benefits to venture investment. 相似文献