共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
气候变化背景下四川省气候资源变化趋势分析 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
在全球气候变暖背景下,四川省气候资源也发生了相应的变化,这一变化必将对该区域的农业生产产生深远的影响。本文利用四川省1961年-2009年36个气象站点的逐日气象资料,分析了不同年代间该区域气候资源的空间分布特征。结果表明：四川省热量资源增加,平均气温、≥0℃积温和≥10℃积温呈增加趋势,空间分布呈经向带状特征,由西向东逐渐升高;气候带移动特征明显,亚热带向西扩展的面积高于暖温带和中温带;全省大部分地区日照时数减少,以盆地东北部减少最为明显;降水量在川西高原和攀枝花地区升高,而盆地大部减少;年参考作物蒸散量整体下降,减幅小于降水量的变化,盆地大部地区的年参考作物蒸散量低于高原地区。 相似文献
2.
气候变化对黄淮海地区夏玉米气候适宜度的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
基于未来气候变化情景(A1B)下区域气候模式(RegCM3)模拟的黄淮海地区1951-2100年0.25°×0.25°格点气象资料和1971-2000年逐日站点气象资料,结合夏玉米不同发育时段对温度、降水和日照的需求,在前人温度、降水和日照适宜度的基础上构建了黄淮海地区夏玉米全生育期气候适宜度模型,并对1951-2100年黄淮海地区夏玉米气候适宜度的时空变化特征做了分析。结果表明:1951-2100年黄淮海地区夏玉米气候适宜度总体呈下降趋势。2011年之前黄淮海大部地区夏玉米气候适宜度高于0.80,河北南部、河南中东部、山东西部等地出现小幅上升;2011-2040年夏玉米气候适宜度开始下降,大部地区降至0.65~0.75,之后下降趋势越来越剧烈,至2071-2100年大部地区夏玉米气候适宜度仅为0.45~0.50。夏玉米拔节-抽雄和抽雄-成熟期对水热条件变化较其它发育期更为敏感,气候变化中这两个发育时段降水和温度适宜度的急剧下降是导致夏玉米气候适宜度下降的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
预估分析未来水源涵养功能对气候变化的响应,对制定适应气候变化策略和措施具有科学指导意义.本文以青藏高原国家级生态功能保护区水源涵养功能为研究对象,利用SRES A2和B2 情景下区域气候模式的气候情景数据,通过改进的LPJ动态植被模型,模拟了1981-2100年生态功能保护区水源涵养功能对气候变化的响应.通过分析未来近期、中期和远期研究区水源涵养功能相对基准时段(1981-2010年)的动态变化,结果表明未来SRES情景下,研究区总体上水源涵养功能在近期以增强为主,主要受降水量增加的影响;而未来中期和远期水源涵养功能受水分实际蒸散增加的影响而减弱的可能性则更大,并随着增温幅度增加而减弱程度加强. 相似文献
4.
气候变化对中国农业气候资源的影响 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
气候变化将对我国的农业气候资源产生重要影响,评估其潜在影响可为制定未来农业区域发展和应对气候变化策略提供科学依据。本研究基于区域气候模式PRECIS在IPCC SRES A2和B2情景下21世纪末期（2071年-2100年）的气候预估数据,利用农业生态地带模型AEZ（Argo-ecological Zones）模拟气候... 相似文献
5.
基于IPCC情景下新疆地区未来气候变化的预估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
新疆地区地形复杂且地面观测站点分布稀疏,降低了以往基于中国地区的气候变化预估效果。在降尺度方法中,偏差校正方法相对于区域气候模式和统计降尺度方法,对于区域气候变化预估更加实用和经济。本文采用Delta方法对24个GCMs模型月数据降尺度至0.5°水平分辨率,分析A1B、A2和B1三个情景下新疆未来气候变化格局。结果表明到2099年三个情景下年平均气温分别为10.0℃、11.1℃和8.5℃,年降水量有显著的增加趋势。在中天山地区、伊犁河流域、天山南坡和塔里木河下游地区的带状区域增温幅度小于北疆准噶尔盆地、帕米尔高原和昆仑山北坡。对于年降水量,在南疆西部相对于参考时期呈现微弱的减少趋势,在昌吉地区、吐鲁番地区、哈密地区和昆仑山北坡-阿尔金山一带呈现显著性的增长趋势。 相似文献
6.
本文应用河北省沿海气象站1961年-2005年45年逐年各月气温、降水量、日照时数、风速等资料,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算了各月潜在蒸散量,并应用气候倾向率、气候趋势系数、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、相关分析等方法,分析了各月气候条件、海盐生产季节气候要素的变化趋势、以及气候变化对海盐生产的影响。结果表明,河北省3月-6月和9月-10月是最适宜海盐生产的季节;海盐生产季节各要素的变化特征为:气温呈上升趋势、降水量为增加趋势、日照时数和蒸散量均为减少趋势,并且这种变化趋势是显著的;蒸散量是影响海盐生产的主要因素,而造成蒸散量减少的主要影响因素是日照时数的减少;综合考虑,目前气候的变化趋势对海盐生产将产生不利影响。 相似文献
7.
2000年至2008年松嫩平原生长季蒸散量时空格局及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
蒸散是地表能量平衡与水量平衡的重要组成部分,研究松嫩平原生长季蒸散量时空格局及影响因素对该区农作物生长环境评价、水资源高效利用具有重要意义。本研究以MODIS产品为主要数据源,通过陆面能量平衡算法SEBAL及Penman-Monteith方程估算了松嫩平原2000年-2008年生长季(5月-9月)的陆面实际蒸散量,分析了蒸散量的空间分布特征及时间变化趋势,并在月时间尺度上通过基于像元的相关分析法探讨了蒸散量与主要气候因子(降水量、平均气温、平均相对湿度、平均风速、日照时数)相关性。结果表明:①除水体、沼泽湿地等高蒸散特性地物外,松嫩平原生长季蒸散量具有从西南部向东部、东北部逐渐增加的变化趋势,呈明显阶梯状变化,松嫩平原2000年-2008年生长季蒸散量的区域平均值呈明显下降趋势(P0.05),多年平均值为612.63mm,最大值(669.31mm)出现在2000年,最小值(570.79mm)出现在2005年;②受气候条件、土壤供水状态及植被覆盖度等因素影响,松嫩平原生长季各月蒸散量差异明显,7月蒸散最强烈,高达141.60mm,9月由于降水减少、气温降低,月蒸散量仅81.35mm;③对蒸散量与主要气候因子进行基于像元的相关分析得知蒸散量与降水量、平均气温的正相关性极其明显,而蒸散量与平均相对湿度的相关性在林地、水体分布区以负相关为主,在其他区域则以正相关为主,蒸散量与平均风速、日照时数的相关性相对较弱。 相似文献
8.
本文利用西藏地区38个气象站1981～2006年各月平均气温、降水量、风速、气压和相对湿度资料,应用Penman-Monteith模型计算得出最大潜在蒸散,进而得到湿润指数,分析了湿润指数的年际变化趋势、年际和年代变化特征及季节性差异,并讨论了影响地表湿润指数的气象因子,用线性回归法计算西藏地区近25年湿润指数趋势倾向率.研究表明:就近25年西藏平均而言,年地表湿润指数呈极显著的增大趋势,增幅为0.08/10年,而进入90年代后,气温持续升高,湿润指数10年为显著下降趋势,下降幅度为0.15/10年,气候呈干旱化趋势. 相似文献
9.
《资源科学》2019,(1)
了解西藏高原冬虫夏草产区气候变化对当地冬虫夏草资源可持续利用和生态环境保护十分重要。本文利用产区24个气象站1981—2015年的气温、降水、日照资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,对产区气温、降水和日照的变化时空特征进行了分析,并集合平均5种气候模式在RCP4.5、RCP8.5两种情景下对产区未来年平均气温和年降水量进行了模拟预估。结果表明:近35年产区年平均气温表现为明显的升高趋势,冬春季升温最为显著,其次为夏秋季;雨季平均气温升温率小于年平均气温升温率。年和雨季的平均最高气温、平均最低气温均呈显著升高趋势,绝大部分站点的年、雨季平均最低气温升温率和平均最高气温升温率均明显大于同期平均气温升温率。年降水量大部分站点为增加趋势,但地区差异性较大;年平均日照时数和雨季日照时数均表现为明显的减少趋势。预估表明产区21世纪未来不同时段气候均表现为气温升高,降水增多的暖湿化发展趋势。未来冬虫夏草适宜海拔下限直接抬升将导致适宜区范围缩小,气候变化将对冬虫夏草的产生和生长造成严重威胁。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古未来气候变化及其对温性草原分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究分析PRECIS区域气候模式系统构建的中国区域高分辨率(50km×50km)SRES气候变化情景下内蒙古自治区年均温度和降水量的变化趋势,并用伊万诺夫湿润度指数作为草地地理分布的划分依据,模拟了气候变化情景下内蒙古温性草原分布的空间变化格局。未来气候变化使内蒙古自治区的年均温度普遍升高,A2情景下的升高幅度大于B2情景;年均降水量在东北部地区和中部偏东南地区下降,在西部地区上升,全区平均降水量有所下降,且B2情景的下降幅度大于A2情景。在未来温度普遍升高、降水量西南部增加显著而东北部减少的气候变化背景下,内蒙古温性草原的总面积有所增加。其中内蒙古草甸草原的南北边界都有北移趋势,但面积将有所减少,到本世纪末,A2、B2两种情景下草甸草原分别可能减少6.4%和8.5%。而典型草原和荒漠草原则分别向北部和西部扩张,面积都有增加趋势,到本世纪末两种情景下典型草原面积可能会分别增加22.8%和16.1%,荒漠草原面积增幅更明显,可能会分别增加48.1%和36.5%。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献