共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
目的：研究守门员基于先验信息下的知觉预测能力,探索当守门员处于射门方向（实际方向）与对手点球偏好（概率方向）一致或不一致的情境下,对表现有效性和加工效率的影响。方法：通过网络平台招募专业足球守门员（专业组）和业余足球守门员（业余组）各16名,共计32名被试。使用E-prime 3.0进行守门员点球方向判断实验,记录被试知觉预测的正确率和反应时。结果：基于先验信息进行知觉预测时,专业组守门员的知觉预测正确率显著高于业余组守门员。不同组别的反应时具有显著性差异,具体表现为在偏好一致（或不一致）的情况下,专业组的反应时都高于业余组。不同偏好条件下的正确率具有显著性差异,其中专业组被试在偏好不同的情况下具有显著性差异,业余组则无显著性差异。结论：与业余守门员相比,专业守门员在基于先验信息进行知觉预测时能更加准确地预判罚点球运动员的射门方向,即在知觉预测上存在专家优势。 相似文献
2.
空间知觉能力是决定足球运动员运动技能的关键,更是提升运动员竞技表现的核心因素。选取20名国家一级足球运动员(专家组)和20名高校足球俱乐部的体教专业大学生(新手组),采用功能性近红外光谱成像技术(fNIRS),探讨心理旋转任务下行为绩效、前额叶脑血氧(Oxy-Hb)激活以及脑功能连接的组间差异。结果显示：(1)专家组心理旋转任务正确率显著高于新手组(P<0.05),反应时显著短于新手组(P<0.01)。(2)专家组左右侧背外侧前额叶、额极区和右腹外侧前额叶激活低于新手组(P<0.05),并且脑间功能连接协同更强。研究认为,长期足球训练能够改变运动员的空间知觉加工模式,提高神经资源的利用效率,有利于大脑网络连接性,对认知功能的改善起到重要作用。 相似文献
3.
不同时间阻断三维发球和知觉动作匹配程度对网球接发球的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在探讨不同时间阻断视频对网球运动员接发球预判准确率和反应时的影响,并考察知觉动作匹配程度(按键反应、动作反应)对运动员接发球的影响.25名男性被试有偿参加试验,包括专家组(7名一级运动员)、中等水平组(10名二级运动员)和新手组(8名业余爱好者).结果表明:随着时间阻断的增加,预判准确率上升,反应时缩短,专家组的预判准确率和反应时显著优于中等水平组和新手组;按键反应的准确率高于动作反应时的准确率,但反应时长于动作反应的反应时,专家组的动作反应时和准确率明显优于新手组;与新手组相比,专家组的接发球反应时多集中在最佳接发球时间区域,对接发球时机的判断更准确. 相似文献
4.
在情绪面孔呈现时间为阈上和阈下2种情况下,探讨高愤怒特质足球运动员是否对负性情绪面孔有注意偏向。方法:根据愤怒特质量表将足球运动员分为高愤怒特质组和低愤怒特质组,采用点探测范式测量其对情绪面孔的注意偏向,记录反应时数据。结果:面孔图片呈现时间为阈上时,高愤怒特质足球运动员对愤怒面孔异侧的反应时显著慢于愤怒面孔同侧的探测刺激,即高愤怒特质运动员出现了对愤怒面孔的注意偏向;而低愤怒特质运动员不同情绪面孔与异侧反应时无显著差异。面孔图片呈现时间为阈下时,高、低愤怒特质运动员不同情绪面孔与异侧反应时无显著差异。结论:只有当情绪面孔呈现时间为阈上时,高愤怒特质运动员才会表现出对愤怒面孔的注意偏向。 相似文献
5.
足球技术动作多种多样,射门是其中的关键技术动作。现代足球比赛中,只有掌握了有力而准确的射门技巧的运动员,才能顺利完成得分任务。现代足球运动中的前锋训练是一个相当复杂的问 相似文献
6.
根据盲人足球运动员的生理特点,设计了足球定位球射门时注意力集中的心理训练方法,并分实验组和对照组进行训练,然后对其训练方法从不同角度进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,足球定位球射门时注意力集中的心理训练方法可以提高盲人足球运动员的技术战术配合和射门的成功率,且盲人足球定位球射门的技术与心理训练有高度密切的联系。 相似文献
7.
排球、足球运动员膝关节等速向心肌力测试比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
韦斌斌 《西安体育学院学报》2010,27(5)
通过应用Cybex-6000等速测试系统对28名排球运动员和46名足球运动员(5名守门员、16名后卫、15名中场、10名前锋)膝关节肌力进行测试,以探讨排球、足球两个不同项目运动员膝关节肌力特征及差别.测试结果表明:排球运动员优势腿、非优势腿股四头肌峰力矩在360 °/s和90 °/s上均大于足球运动员,而排球运动员腘绳肌峰力矩与足球运动员无明显差异;而排球运动员双侧腘绳肌峰力矩(90 °/s)差异程度显著小于足球运动员;排球运动员在90 °/s的速度下测得的股四头肌/腘绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)要显著低于足球运动员随着角速度的增快(90 °/s→360 °/s),并且排球运动员和足球运动员股四头肌/腘绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)均随之增大;没有发现不同位置的球员之间膝关节等速肌力测试结果存在很大差异. 相似文献
8.
部分信息与完整信息条件下不同水平男子体操运动员的认知加工能力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运动员在运动情境中能够根据部分线索对完整信息进行加工,体现了高水平运动员的认知能力。以54 名不同水平男子体操运动员和非运
动员为被试,分为高水平运动员、中等水平运动员、低水平运动员和非运动员4 组,采用混合设计,在部分信息和完整信息条件下,让被试观看男
子跳马动作的录像,记录两个条件下判断的反应时、准确性、评分差异以及自信程度。结果表明,在部分信息条件下,不同水平的被试在反应时上
不存在显著差异,但准确性、评分差异以及自信程度上存在显著差异,说明自我引导运动项目的运动员专项认知能力上的特点与环境引导运动
项目的运动员存在不同。 相似文献
9.
目的:确定青少年足球运动员左室肥厚的生理极限值,预防运动员运动性猝死的发生风险。方法:采用超声心动仪检测60名优秀青少年足球运动员和60名年龄、性别类似的健康对照者及40名其他项目运动员的左心室厚度。结果:与对照组相比,青少年足球运动员的左心室壁厚度(LVWT)较大,为9.5±1.7mm,对照组为8.4±1.4mm。其中5名运动员(8.3%)的最大LVWT超过了预测值的上限;只有1名男运动员的绝对LVWT值大于12mm(1.7%)。5名运动员的LVWT超过了预测限度,提示左心腔扩大(54.4±2.1mm;范围为52~60mm)。而女运动员LVWT值均小于11 mm。结论:与非运动员相比,有训练的青少年足球运动员的LVWT值更大。只有一小部分运动员的LVWT超过了上限,但少有大于12mm,而腔室一般都有扩大现象。提示,当有训练的青少年足球运动员男子LVWT>12mm,女子>11mm,极有可能属于肥厚性心肌病。 相似文献
10.
FIFA11+热身练习被证明可以有效降低足球运动员运动损伤的发生率,但是其对高水平女子足球运动员竞技表现的效果还需要进一步研究。本研究旨在探究FIFA11+热身练习对女子甲级足球运动员灵敏和下肢爆发力的急性影响。21名我国女子甲级联赛某球队足球运动员自愿参加本次研究。受试者随机先后进行FIFA11+热身练习(初级)和常规热身。热身前、热身后即刻和热身后15 min,受试者进行反应灵敏、反向纵跳和505灵敏测试。FIFA11+热身练习后即刻受试者反应灵敏和反向纵跳显著提升,505灵敏测试成绩无显著变化,但FIFA11+热身和常规热身间无显著差异(P>0.05)。热身后即刻与热身15 min后的急性影响类似,且FIFA11+热身练习和常规热身间无显著差异(P>0.05)。FIFA11+热身练习的平均心率和主观疲劳度显著高于常规热身。FIFA11+热身练习可以提高女子甲级足球运动员反应灵敏和下肢爆发力的急性表现,且这些急性效果可以持续至少15 min。然而,FIFA11+热身练习的这些急性效果似乎并不优于常规热身练习,且还可能会造成更高的生理和主观负荷。 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACTBy manipulating the congruency between body kinematics and subsequent ball trajectory, this study investigated the anticipation capabilities of regional-level, college-level, and novice table tennis players using a full video simulation occluder paradigm. Participants watched footage containing congruent, incongruent, or no ball trajectory information, to predict the landing point of the ball. They were required to choose between two potential locations to make their prediction. Percent accuracy and relevant indexes (d-prime, criterion, effect size) were calculated for each condition. Results indicated that experienced table tennis players (both regional and college players) were superior to novices in the ability to anticipate ball trajectory using kinematic information, but no difference was found between regional-level and college-level players. The findings of this study further demonstrate the superior anticipation ability of experienced table tennis players. Furthermore, the present result suggests that there may be a certain “baseline” level of motor experience in racquet sports for effective action anticipation, while the addition of further motor experience does not appear to assist direction anticipation. 相似文献
12.
Vicente Lizondo Jordi Caplliure-Llopis Dolores Escrivá Jose Enrique De La Rubia 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):850-859
The objective of this study was to analyse bone quality parameters of football players with intellectual disability (ID) participating in adapted competitive football. Sixty-seven male football players with ID were studied: 22 with Down syndrome (DS) and 45 without DS. The average age was 26 years (range: 16 ? 50 years). A group of 25 age-matched sedentary individuals with ID (11 DS and 14 non-DS) and another group of 20 healthy participants of the same age group not involved in competitive football were comparatively analysed. There were no differences in the bone quality parameters when the healthy sedentary individuals were compared with both the sedentary and the football players with ID. However, the speed of sound (SOS), T-score, and estimated bone mineral density (BMD) were of higher values in the football players with ID than in the sedentary ID group (p?p?T-scores (p?p?T-scores less than ?1.5. Two of the 14 sedentary non-DS participants (14.3%) had T-scores indicating osteoporosis. In summary, the ID population actively involved in football showed higher values of bone mass parameters than their sedentary ID and healthy peers. The participants with non-DS ID showed a higher prevalence of osteoporosis than the football players with DS. Participation in sports seems to prevent bone loss in individuals with ID. 相似文献
13.
Özgür Kilic Haruhito Aoki Rasmus Haagensen Claus Jensen Urban Johnson Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(10):1328-1334
The aim of the study was twofold, namely (i) to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) among current and retired professional football and handball players and (ii) to explore the relationship of psychosocial stressors with the outcome measures under study. A total of 1155 players were enrolled in an observational study based on a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires based on validated scales were set up and distributed among current and retired professional football and handball players by the Danish football and handball players’ union. In professional football, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 18% and 19% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. In professional handball, the highest prevalence (4 weeks) of symptoms of CMDs was 26% and 16% for anxiety/depression among current and retired players, respectively. For both the current and retired professional football and handball players, a higher number of severe injuries and recent adverse life events (LE) were related to the presence of symptoms of CMD. Players exposed to severe injuries and/or recent adverse LE were 20–50% times more likely to report symptoms of CMD. The results suggest that it is possible to recognize the population of professional athletes that are more likely to develop symptoms of CMD. This could create the opportunity to intervene preventively on athletes that suffered from severe injury and/or recent adverse LE that could lead to a faster and safer recovery and psychological readiness to return to play. 相似文献
14.
Cañal-Bruland R Mooren M Savelsbergh GJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(4):667-674
In this study, we examined how perceptual-motor expertise and watching experience contribute to anticipating the outcome of opponents' attacking actions in beach volleyball. To this end, we invited 8 expert beach volleyball players, 8 expert coaches, 8 expert referees, and 8 control participants with no beach volleyball experience to watch videos of attack sequences that were occluded at three different times and to predict the outcome of these situations. Results showed that expert players and coaches (who were both perceptual-motor experts) outperformed the expert referees (who were watching experts but did not have the same motor expertise) and the control group in the latest occlusion condition (i.e., at spiker-ball contact). This finding suggests that perceptual-motor expertise may contribute to successful action anticipation in beach volleyball. 相似文献
15.
Hosni Hasan Keith Davids Jia Yi Chow Graham Kerr 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(3):294-302
This study investigated effects of wearing compression garments and textured insoles on modes of movement organisation emerging during performance of lower limb interceptive actions in association football. Participants were six skilled (age?=?15.67?±?0.74 years) and six less-skilled (age?=?15.17?±?1.1 years) football players. All participants performed 20 instep kicks with maximum velocity in four randomly organised insoles and socks conditions, (a) Smooth Socks with Smooth Insoles (SSSI); (b) Smooth Socks with Textured Insoles (SSTI); (c) Compression Socks with Smooth Insoles (CSSI); and (d), Compression Socks with Textured Insoles (CSTI). Results showed that, when wearing textured and compression materials (CSSI condition), less-skilled participants displayed significantly greater hip extension and flexion towards the ball contact phase, indicating larger ranges of motion in the kicking limb than in other conditions. Less-skilled participants also demonstrated greater variability in knee–ankle intralimb (angle–angle plots) coordination modes in the CSTI condition. Findings suggested that use of textured and compression materials increased attunement to somatosensory information from lower limb movement, to regulate performance of dynamic interceptive actions like kicking, especially in less-skilled individuals. 相似文献
16.
Rouwen Cañal-Bruland Merel Mooren Geert J. P. Savelsbergh 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):667-674
In this study, we examined how perceptual-motor expertise and watching experience contribute to anticipating the outcome of opponents' attacking actions in beach volleyball. To this end, we invited 8 expert beach volleyball players, 8 expert coaches, 8 expert referees, and 8 control participants with no beach volleyball experience to watch videos of attack sequences that were occluded at three different times and to predict the outcome of these situations. Results showed that expert players and coaches (who were both perceptual-motor experts) outperformed the expert referees (who were watching experts but did not have the same motor expertise) and the control group in the latest occlusion condition (i.e., at spiker-ball contact). This finding suggests that perceptual-motor expertise may contribute to successful action anticipation in beach volleyball. 相似文献
17.
在足球比赛中,球员的各种技战术行为都是受其意识支配,而思维意识又是建立在对比赛的各种信息的感知基础上的。对运动员在比赛中对足球场上信息的获取的主要方式:视觉观察、场上队友呼应及教练指导、直觉式思维及预判能力进行分析总结,并对影响因素进行探讨。 相似文献
18.
探讨足球运动员进攻战术决策任务下的视觉搜索特征。以“3V2”进攻战术决策视频为刺激材料,以8名职业联赛预备队队员为专家组,以8名足球专项大学生为新手组,采用德国Ergoneers生产的Dikablis Professional头戴式眼动仪配合D-Lab软件进行数据采集与处理,邀请专家采用Likert5点选项法对战术决策合理性进行赋分,基于SPSS 25.0软件独立样本t检验进行比较分析。结果:专家组表现出更加快速、更加合理的战术决策特征,原因是其能够有效辨别刺激目标信息的关键程度,采用较多注视和眼跳对空当区域的位置、大小特征进行深度提取加工,采用较少注视和眼跳对近端攻防球员提取加工,并鉴于优先选择射门的进攻决策选择,重点关注远端攻防球员和球门区域,形成“由远及近”的视觉搜索策略和远端进攻球员>球门>远端防守球员>近端进攻球员>空当>近端防守球员的注视分配原则。 相似文献
19.
When placed into age groups for junior sporting competition, the relative differences in age between children leads to a bias in who is evaluated as being talented. While the impact of this relative age effect (RAE) is clear, until now there has been no evidence to show how to reduce it. The aim of this study was to determine whether the selection bias associated with the RAE could be reduced. Talent scouts from an elite football club watched junior games and ranked players on the basis of their potential. Scouts were allocated to one of three groups provided with contrasting information about the age of the players: (1) no age information, (2) players’ birthdates or (3) knowledge that the numbers on the playing shirts corresponded to the relative age of the players. Results revealed a significant selection bias for the scouts in the no-age information group, and that bias remained when scouts knew the players’ dates-of-birth. Strikingly though, the selection bias was eliminated when scouts watched the games knowing the shirt numbers corresponded to the relative ages of the players. The selection bias associated with the RAE can be reduced if information about age is presented appropriately. 相似文献