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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of run-up speed on take-off technique in the long jump. Seventy-one jumps by an elite male long jumper were recorded in the sagittal plane by a high-speed video camera. A wide range of run-up speeds was obtained using direct intervention to set the length of the athlete's run-up. As the athlete's run-up speed increased, the jump distance and take-off speed increased, the leg angle at touchdown remained almost unchanged, and the take-off angle and take-off duration steadily decreased. The predictions of two previously published mathematical models of the long jump take-off are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. 相似文献
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Nicholas P Linthorne Maurice S Guzman Lisa A Bridgett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):703-712
In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated using video measurements of three experienced male long jumpers who performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles. To produce low take-off angles the athletes used a long and fast run-up, whereas higher take-off angles were produced using a progressively shorter and slower run-up. For all three athletes, the take-off speed decreased and the take-off height increased as the athlete jumped with a higher take-off angle. The calculated optimum take-off angles were in good agreement with the athletes' competition take-off angles. 相似文献
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In this study, we found that the optimum take-off angle for a long jumper may be predicted by combining the equation for the range of a projectile in free flight with the measured relations between take-off speed, take-off height and take-off angle for the athlete. The prediction method was evaluated using video measurements of three experienced male long jumpers who performed maximum-effort jumps over a wide range of take-off angles. To produce low take-off angles the athletes used a long and fast run-up, whereas higher take-off angles were produced using a progressively shorter and slower run-up. For all three athletes, the take-off speed decreased and the take-off height increased as the athlete jumped with a higher take-off angle. The calculated optimum take-off angles were in good agreement with the athletes' competition take-off angles. 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、信息技术等方法分析比较国际田联钻石联赛上海站男子跳远前三运动员助跑与起跳技术的运动学特征,为提高我国男子跳远水平提供训练方向。研究表明：门科夫后4步提速不明显,趋势变化较平缓,卢瑟福德助跑节奏稳定,仅在后1步时有加速踏板,不利于起跳发挥,李金哲助跑步幅较大、频率加快、提速明显,后3步节奏变化稳定,为高速助跑中完成起跳技术提供了保障。李金哲与门科夫、卢瑟福德相比,助跑结束阶段,摆动腿折叠不足,起跳蹬伸受限,垂直、水平速度利用率小,引起垂直高度受限,导致支撑缓冲时间增长。 相似文献
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随着世界各大体育赛事对田径项目越来越重视,而跳远作为田径重要技巧性项目,跳远质量和运动受素质不断提高,起跳动作是跳远技术的主要环节,人们还渐研究起跳技巧来提高自己的运动成绩,俗话说：细节决定成败,跳远不但要求运动员综合素质要高,更讲究运动过程中的细节给跳远带来的作用,目前,在高校教学和训练中,很多老师重视助跑和下肢的技术,以便更直接更快速的提高跳远成绩,而忽视对上肢摆臂技术的教学和训练。该文针对目前这种教学误区,分析了正确的上肢摆臂对起跳的速度、力量以震技术带来的影响,对助跑和起跳起到非常重要作用。 相似文献
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张妮 《西安体育学院学报》2005,(Z1)
深入探讨远运动最佳腾起角的运动生物力学公式,分析了身体垂直速度、水平助跑速度利用率与最佳腾起角和跳远成绩的关系。以理论和大量技术数据为依据,指出起跳时身体垂直速度利用率对跳远成绩起着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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第11届全运会女子三级跳远运动员三跳技术的运动学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对参加第11届全运会田径比赛女子三级跳远决赛前8名运动员三跳技术的相关运动学参数进行研究,结果表明:我国女子三级跳远运动员助跑绝对速度和起跳速度利用率较差,只有8.96 m/s和95.5%,与世界女子三级跳运动员的9.41 m/s和98.2%相比,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);起跳脚着地与离地瞬间身体重心水平速度较差,只有8.71 m/s,与世界选手的9.33 m/s相比,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);单足跳与跨步跳时的身体重心腾起角度适宜,分别为(17.19±4.37)°、(15.07±4.12)°,但最后跳跃的身体重心腾起角过大(23.57±4.12)°,超过世界运动员的16°~20°;三跳的支撑总时间较长,起跳效果不理想。 相似文献
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通过查阅大量文献资料,发现中国跳远运动员起跳角偏小,跳远成绩不好,并不是因为助跑速度利用率过高造成的,而是起跳能力不能与其速度相匹配。要想提高中国运动员的跳远技术水平,今后主攻方向应是在进一步提高速度的基础上提高运动员的起跳能力,控制好助跑节奏,树立信心,提高起跳踏跳的成功率。 相似文献
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助跑技术是跳远技术的重要组成部分之一,助跑的准确性又是影响跳远成绩稳定发挥的关键因素。采用文献资料、实验、数据统计等研究方法,从助跑距离的确定,改善初始助跑节奏,对提高中学生跳远助跑准确性进行了研究,结果显示跳远助跑运用标记法教学效果优于传统教学法,为中学生跳远的教学和训练提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Flora Panteli Athanasia Smirniotou Apostolos Theodorou 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(12):1116-1123
The purpose of the study was to investigate possible changes at step pattern and technical performance of the long jump approach run in seven young long jumpers by modifying the performance environment (long jump runway versus track lane) and the nested actions (run-through with take-off versus complete long jump). Our findings suggest that the step pattern and technical aspects of the approach run are affected by environmental context and nested task constraints. In terms of environmental context, it appears that practising the training routine of run-through followed by take-off on the long jump runway allows athletes to simulate competition conditions in terms of step regulation and technical efficacy. The task of run-through followed by take-off on the track lane failed to initiate visual perception, step regulation and technical efficiency at the steps preceding the instant of take-off. In terms of nested task constraints, when run-ups were followed by jump for distance instead of only a take-off, a higher level of consistency was achieved and step regulation was based on perception–action coupling. Practising long jump run-up accuracy at a setting not containing the informational elements of the performance environment fails to develop the key elements of the skill. 相似文献
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通过对原地上步起跳、连续上步起跳和连续3步助跑起跳练习,短程助跑和中程助跑起跳成腾空步练习,与完整跳远进行运动学比较分析,结果发现:原地上步、3～5步助跑起跳练习因完成难度较低,可以作为学习掌握跳远起跳技术的手段,在学习的泛化、分化等初学阶段运用;但是表现出练习强度较低,所以对于有一定水平的运动员提高专项素质、改善技术等方面意义不大;短、中程助跑起跳成腾空步练习的运动学特征和专项强度与专项较为接近;上述各练习手段在起跳过程中表现出的技术运动学参数与上板速度这一外在控制因素并不存在必然的规律;连续上步起跳与完整跳远技术动作差异较大,且可能产生“负迁移”的因素多于产生“正迁移”的因素,在教学训练中应慎重使用。 相似文献
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Koyama H Muraki Y Ae M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2005,4(2):113-129
In this study, we investigated the effects of inclined and raised flat boards on the take-off motion of the long jump to determine the effectiveness of these boards as training tools. Eight male long jumpers were videotaped with two high-speed video cameras (250 Hz) set perpendicular to the runway. Four different jumps were performed with in four conditions, all with their medium length run-up: a long jump with their normal technique, long jumps on upward inclined boards of two different inclinations (2.5 and 5.0 degrees), and a long jump on a raised flat board (0 degrees, 50 mm). The raised flat board enhanced the pivot of the body over the take-off foot, and reduced flexion of the take-off leg knee. However, the inclined boards did not produce the same effects as the raised flat board. The use of the inclined boards increased the vertical velocity of the centre of mass of the body at toe-off, resulting in increased airborne time. These results suggest that the raised flat board and inclined boards would be effective in improving long jumpers' techniques during the take-off and airborne phases. 相似文献
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Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos Jose Luis Gonzalez-Montesinos Jonatan R Ruiz David Jiménez-Pavón Jose Castro-Piñero 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(1):70-78
The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables that determine the performance of the standing long jump in children 6- to 12-years-old. There were 121 healthy children (58 girls) recorded while they performed the standing long jump test. All kinematic variables showed a significant correlation with calculated jump distance and measured jump distance, except for the knee joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, ankle joint angle at maximum shoulder extension angle, and shoulder joint angle at maximum knee flexion angle. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that sex, age, and body mass index accounted for 51.1% of the jump distance variance. Among all the kinematic variables, take-off distance and take-off speed were accounted for the most of the variation in the jump distance. Physical education teachers and coaches should consider special attention to these anthropometrics and kinematic aspects in improving the standing long jump performance in children. 相似文献
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邹克宁 《武汉体育学院学报》2012,46(4):61-64
通过对支持高助跑速度利用率与支持低助跑速度利用率双方论据的整理与分析,发现目前我国不管是要求跳远运动员维持高助跑速度利用率的论点,还是强调降低助跑速度利用率的论点,都不能准确地描述助跑速度利用率与跳远成绩的本质关系.结合双方争论的观点与论据提出跳远助跑速度利用率—成绩曲线的模型,用于解释及反映助跑速度利用率与跳远成绩间的本质关系. 相似文献
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根据世界男子跳远运动的现状,对当今世界男子跳远运动员的技术特点进行了概括地总结和分析,得出现代优秀男子跳远运动员技术有助跑距离进一步延长,助跑速度进一步加快,攻板阶段步频进一步加快,合理的助跑速度利用率,起跳速度快,摆动作用更为突出,起跳蹬伸时机早,适宜的腾起角度等特征。 相似文献
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跳远起跳技术的运用在学界一直存有争议,为探讨跳远起跳技术的生物力学原理,选取跳远起跳动作作为研究对象,建立起跳动作的数学模型并在计算机上实施基于肌肉动力学层面的运动模拟。模拟结果表明:在增大人体重心垂直速度和重心的腾起角方面,膝关节肌较之髋关节肌都有更为显著的作用;在相同的着地距离下,增大小腿环节角与增大大腿环节角相比明显有利。 相似文献