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1.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of time of day on the adaptation to strength training at maximal effort. Fourteen participants took part in this experiment. Their peak anaerobic power (Wingate anaerobic test) and peak knee extension torque at six angular velocities (1.05, 2.10, 3.14, 4.19, 5.24 and 6.29 rad x s(-1)) were recorded in the morning (between 07:00 and 08:00 h) and in the evening (between 17:00 and 18:00 h) just before and 2 weeks after a 6 week course of regular training. Seven of them trained only in the morning and seven only in the evening. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant group x pre-/post-training x time of day interaction effect for peak torque and peak anaerobic power. Before training, in both groups, peak torque and peak anaerobic power were significantly higher in the evening than in the morning. After training, there was no significant difference in peak torque and peak anaerobic power between the morning and the evening for the morning training group. In contrast, in the evening training group, peak torque and peak anaerobic power were higher in the evening than in the morning. As a result of training, both peak torque and peak anaerobic power increased from their initial values as expected. The morning training group improved their peak anaerobic power significantly in the morning and in the evening, the absolute increase being larger in the morning than in the evening. The evening training group did not improve their peak anaerobic power in the morning, whereas it improved significantly in the evening. Although peak torque was significantly improved by training in the morning and evening in both groups, the absolute increase was greater in the morning than in the evening in the morning training group, whereas the opposite was the case for the evening training group. These results suggest that training twice a week at a specific hour increases the peak torque and the peak anaerobic power specifically at this hour and demonstrates that there is a temporal specificity to strength training.  相似文献   

2.
In this study, we examined the effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on maximum strength and electromyography (EMG) of the knee extensors in men. After a 10-week preparatory training period (training times 17:00-19:00 h), 27 participants were randomized into a morning (07:00-09:00 h, n = 14) and an evening group (17:00-19.00 h, n = 13). Both groups then underwent 10 weeks of time-of-day-specific training. A matched control group (n = 7) completed all testing but did not train. Unilateral isometric knee extension peak torque (MVC) and one-repetition maximum half-squat were assessed before and after the preparatory training and after the time-of-day-specific training at times that were not training-specific (between 09:00 and 16:00 h). During training-specific hours, peak torque and EMG during MVC and submaximum isometric contraction at 40% MVC were assessed before and after the time-of-day-specific training. The main finding was that a significant diurnal difference (P < 0.01) in peak torque between the 07:00 and 17:00 h tests decreased after time-of-day-specific training in the morning group but not in the evening or control groups. However, the extent of this time-of-day-specific adaptation varied between individuals. Electromyography during MVC did not show any time-of-day-specific adaptation, suggesting that peripheral rather than neural adaptations are the main source of temporal specificity in strength training.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

In this study, we examined the effects of time-of-day-specific strength training on maximum strength and electromyography (EMG) of the knee extensors in men. After a 10-week preparatory training period (training times 17:00–19:00 h), 27 participants were randomized into a morning (07:00–09:00 h, n = 14) and an evening group (17:00–19.00 h, n = 13). Both groups then underwent 10 weeks of time-of-day-specific training. A matched control group (n = 7) completed all testing but did not train. Unilateral isometric knee extension peak torque (MVC) and one-repetition maximum half-squat were assessed before and after the preparatory training and after the time-of-day-specific training at times that were not training-specific (between 09:00 and 16:00 h). During training-specific hours, peak torque and EMG during MVC and submaximum isometric contraction at 40% MVC were assessed before and after the time-of-day-specific training. The main finding was that a significant diurnal difference (P < 0.01) in peak torque between the 07:00 and 17:00 h tests decreased after time-of-day-specific training in the morning group but not in the evening or control groups. However, the extent of this time-of-day-specific adaptation varied between individuals. Electromyography during MVC did not show any time-of-day-specific adaptation, suggesting that peripheral rather than neural adaptations are the main source of temporal specificity in strength training.  相似文献   

4.
This study investigated the effect of low- and high-velocity resistance training on isokinetic peak torque and anaerobic power output. Eighteen male varsity oarsmen were blocked on peak knee extension torque at 3.14 rad s-1 and assigned to a high-velocity resistance training group (HVR), a low-velocity resistance training group (LVR) or a control group. Subjects trained four times a week for 5 weeks. Each training session included three circuits of 12 stations using variable-resistance hydraulic equipment. The HVR training significantly improved peak torque (P less than 0.05) in knee extension and flexion at 2.61, 3.14, 3.66 and 4.19 rad s-1. The LVR training produced significant improvements (P less than 0.05) in peak torque for knee extension and flexion at 0.52, 1.05, 1.57 and 2.61 rad s-1. High positive correlations were found between peak torque and anaerobic power outputs for all groups. However, no significant changes occurred in 15 s power output, average 90 s power output or peak blood lactate in either training group. These results indicate that velocity-specific strength training does not necessarily improve anaerobic power output in a different exercise mode despite the high positive correlation between isokinetic strength and anaerobic power output.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Olympic-Weightlifting session training at three times of the day on the performance related to biochemical responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in randomised order, on three Olympic-Weightlifting training (snatch, clean and jerk) sessions (08:00 a.m., 02:00 p. m., 06:00 p. m.). Blood samples were collected: before, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Haematological parameters and markers of muscle injury were assessed. Resting oral temperature and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also assessed during each session. ANOVA showed that the performance was better (P < 0.001) at 02:00 p. m. with a less RPE (P < 0.01) compared to the morning and the evening sessions while there was higher (P < 0.05) oral temperature at 06:00 p. m. versus 08:00 a.m. and 02:00 p. m. Muscle damage changed immediately (without significant effect after 48 h) after the training sessions with lower values ??in the evening compared to the morning. In conclusion, the afternoon training is more effective than morning or evening sessions for weightlifters. Therefore, coaches and weightlifters should be advised to schedule their training session in the afternoon hour.  相似文献   

6.
跳远运动员髋关节振动力量训练效果的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
对10 名跳远专项二级运动员进行振动力量训练。研究表明:在刺激频率为30~35Hz,加速度25~30 m/s2 条件下,经过8 周系统的振动力量 训练,试验组髋关节的屈伸肌群与对照组屈肌肌群最大功增长都非常明显,表现出髋关节屈肌最大功比试验前有显著性地提高,试验组髋关节 屈伸肌最大功增长幅度比对照组屈伸肌最大功幅度大。试验组髋关节伸肌对照组屈伸肌峰力矩前4 周比后4 周增长幅度大,后4 周增长幅度有 所减缓,试验组后4 周髋关节屈伸肌峰力矩增长幅度比对照组高。髋关节伸肌相对峰力矩力量增长幅度比屈肌要大。  相似文献   

7.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) utilizing a canoeing ergometer on endurance determinants, as well as aerobic and anaerobic performances among flat-water canoeists. Fourteen well-trained male flat-water canoeists were divided into an HIIT group or an MICT group. All subjects performed a continuous graded exercise test (GXT) and three fixed-distance (200, 500, and 1000?m) performance tests on a canoeing ergometer to determine canoeing economy, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and power at VO2peak, and to calculate the critical velocity (CV) and anaerobic work capacity before and after the training programmes. The training programme involved training on a canoeing ergometer three times per week for four weeks. HIIT consisted of seven 2 min canoeing bouts at an intensity of 90% VO2peak separated by 1 min of rest. The MICT group was trained at an intensity of 65% VO2peak continuously for 20 min. After four weeks of training, performance in the 200-m distance test and the power at VO2peak significantly improved in the HIIT group; performance in the 500?m and 1000?m distances and CV significantly improved in the MICT group. However, all variables were not significantly different between groups. It is concluded that HIIT for four weeks is an effective training strategy for improvement of short-distance canoeing performance. In contrast, MICT improves middle-distance canoeing performances and aerobic capacity.  相似文献   

8.
This study assessed muscular torque and rate of torque development following concentric (CON) or eccentric (ECC) isokinetic training. Thirty-eight women were randomly assigned to either CON or ECC training groups. Training consisted of knee extension and flexion of the nondominant leg three times per week for 20 weeks (SD = 1). Eccentric training increased ECC knee extension and flexion peak torque more than CON training. The ECC group improved acceleration time and time to peak torque with ECC movements versus the CON group. Slow-velocity ECC isokinetic training yielded greater ECC and similar CON torque development gains versus CON training over the course of 20 weeks in young women.  相似文献   

9.
目的:为了观察我国自由式滑雪空中技巧队男女运动员下肢膝关节屈伸肌群力量特点,发现目前下肢力量训练中存在的问题,以便为力量训练提供参考依据。方法:使用美国BIODEX公司生产的biodex system4等动测试系统对自由式滑雪空中技巧队男女运动员(男5名,女6名)的下肢膝关节屈伸肌群进行向心收缩的等动测试,测试速度分别为60°/s和180°/s。结果:男女运动员伸肌群的相对峰值力矩和相对平均功率都要显著高于屈肌群(P<0.01)。相对峰值力矩随着测试速度的增加而显著减小(P<0.01),相对平均功率随测试速度的增加而显著增加(P<0.01)。男女运动员下肢屈伸肌比平均在50%~65%之间,并且随着测试速度的增加屈伸肌比显著增加(P<0.05)。在同一速度下,男女运动员伸肌峰值力矩出现的角度要显著大于屈肌(P<0.01),但是在不同速度下,男女运动员伸肌峰值力矩出现的角度表现出不同的变化。随着测试速度的增加,屈伸肌群峰值力矩出现的时间显著变短(P<0.01),并且同一速度下,屈肌群峰值力矩出现的时间要短于伸肌群(P<0.05)。左右腿膝关节屈伸肌群相对峰值力矩、相对平均功率、屈伸肌比等指标没有差异(P>0.05)。结论:了解到目前我国自由式滑雪空中技巧队男女运动员下肢肌肉的力量特点,其中男女运动员下肢膝关节屈伸肌比(H/Q)较低,应该注重发展股后肌群的力量,以提升屈伸肌比值。左右腿肌肉力量发展比较均衡。  相似文献   

10.
In this study, we examined the effects of bovine colostrum on peak vertical jump power (VJpeak), peak cycle power (CPpeak), alactic anaerobic work capacity, resistance exercise one-repetition maxima (1-RM) and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, 51 males completed 8 weeks of resistance and plyometric training while consuming 60 g x day(-1) of bovine colostrum (n = 26) or concentrated whey protein powder (n = 25). Peak vertical jump power, peak cycle power, alactic anaerobic work capacity, 1-RM and plasma IGF-I were not different between groups at baseline (P > 0.33). Peak vertical jump power and peak cycle power were still not significantly different between groups by week 4 (VJpeak: bovine colostrum, 7231 +/- 488 W; whey protein, 7214 +/- 530 W; P = 0.99; CPpeak: bovine colostrum, 1272 +/- 202 W; whey protein, 1232 +/- 208 W; P = 0.99). By week 8, however, peak vertical jump power (bovine colostrum, 7370 +/- 503 W; whey powder, 7237 +/- 481 W; 95% confidence intervals, 54 to 170 W; P < 0.01) and peak cycle power (bovine colostrum, 1400 +/- 215 W; whey protein, 1311 +/- 192 W; 95% confidence intervals, 20 to 61 W; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the bovine colostrum condition. Alactic anaerobic work capacity and 1-RM increased (P < 0.001), but the increases were not different between groups (P > 0.08). Plasma IGF-I did not change in either group (P = 0.55). We conclude that bovine colostrum supplementation during training significantly increased peak anaerobic power, but had no effect on alactic anaerobic work capacity, 1-RM or plasma IGF-I.  相似文献   

11.
Exercise training during evening may disturb sleep patterns and hinder recovery process. The present study aimed to examine the effect of whole body cryotherapy (WBC) exposure after training in the evening on sleep quality and night heart rate variability (HRV). A total of 22 physically active men were randomized to undergo either WBC (3-min at ?40°C, wind speed of 2.3?m?s?1) or passive recovery (control) following an evening training consisting of 25?min of continuous running at 65% of the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) followed by intermittent running at 85% of the MAS. Each night following the training, the number of movements and HRV during sleeping time were recorded. The next morning, subjective sleep quality and perceived pain were assessed using Spiegel questionnaire and a visual analogue scale, respectively. The number of movements during the night following WBC was significantly reduced (p?p?p?p?p?相似文献   

12.
目的:检验8周CrossFit训练是否对健康成年人最大有氧能力、爆发力、体成分有影响,各指标之间的相关性是否显著。方法:选取14名至少受过CF训练一年以上的男性训练者分别在训练前和训练8周后进行功率自行车递增负荷测试、wattbike 6S峰值功率测试,采集训练者的最大摄氧量(VO 2 max)、体成分、6S峰值功率等相关参数。结果:结果:(1)8周crossFit后,健康成年男子的BMI、最大摄氧量绝对值有显著下降(P<0.05),体脂百分比下降具有极显著性(P<0.01)、最大摄氧量相对值,6S峰值功率均有显著性提高(P<0.01),体重虽然有所下降但是不具有显著性。(2)从皮尔逊相关性得出体重与体成分之间相关性不高,体脂百分比与最大摄氧量相对值(rp=0.94,P<0.01)、最大摄氧量绝对值(rp=0.87,P<0.01)峰值功率(rp=0.89,P<0.01)之间也存在显著性相关。结论:(1)体重与体成分其他指标之间相关性不明显(2)CrossFit可以显着改善健康成年男子的最大摄氧量、无氧峰值功率和身体成分。  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to assess isokinetic torque, work and power between non-injured, ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals. Ten healthy, non-injured individuals, seven unilateral ACL-deficient individuals and six unilateral ACL-reconstructed individuals were assessed for isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength at 1.05 and 3.14 rad ·s -1 . Peak torque, total work, average power and the ratio of peak torque to body mass were computed for both velocities. Peak torque was also corrected for body mass, using allometric modelling. The non-injured individuals showed significantly greater quadriceps peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals at both velocities, and greater hamstring peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient group at 3.14 rad · s -1 ( P ? 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals displayed greater quadriceps and hamstring peak torque, total work and average power than the non-injured individuals at 1.05 rad · s -1 ( P ? 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals also displayed significantly greater peak torque, total work and average power than the ACL-reconstructed individuals for the quadriceps at both velocities ( P ? 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals demonstrated greater hamstring peak torque and total work than the non-injured individuals at both velocities ( P ? 0.05). The allometrically modelled peak torques at both isokinetic velocities demonstrated that the quadriceps muscle values were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb. The hamstring peak torques corrected for body mass were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb only at 1.05 rad ·s -1 . The main finding from the present study is that isokinetic measures in ratio-scaled or absolute units yield a different outcome and, hence, interpretation compared with the allometric approach.  相似文献   

14.
This study investigated the two different time-of-day effect on team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances. At two different time-of-day, fifteen young female team handball players performed different physical tests: HandGrip (HG) test, Ball-Throwing Velocity (BTV) test, Modified Agility T-test (MAT) and Repeated Shuttle-Sprint and Jump Ability (RSSJA) test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was determined following the termination of the last test. Measurements were performed at two separate testing sessions (i.e., in the morning (7:00–8:30 h) and in the early evening (17:00–18:30 h)) in a randomised and counter-balanced setting on non-consecutive days. The results showed that HG (= 0.0013), BTV (= 0.0027) and MAT (< 0.001) performances were better in the evening compared with the morning. During RSSJA, both best and mean sprint times were shorter in the evening compared to the morning (< 0.001). Moreover, during the latter test, mean jump performance was higher in the evening compared to the morning (= 0.026). However, there was no morning–evening difference in the best jump performance during RSSJA. Likewise, jump performance decrement was not affected by the time-of-day of testing. On the other hand, RPE fluctuated, with morning nadirs and afternoon/early evening highest values. The findings suggest that in female team handball players, team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances were better in the afternoon than in the morning.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this study was to assess isokinetic torque, work and power between non-injured, ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals. Ten healthy, non-injured individuals, seven unilateral ACL-deficient individuals and six unilateral ACL-reconstructed individuals were assessed for isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength at 1.05 and 3.14 rad.s-1. Peak torque, total work, average power and the ratio of peak torque to body mass were computed for both velocities. Peak torque was also corrected for body mass, using allometric modelling. The non-injured individuals showed significantly greater quadriceps peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed individuals at both velocities, and greater hamstring peak torque to body mass ratios than the ACL-deficient group at 3.14 rad.s-1 (P < 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals displayed greater quadriceps and hamstring peak torque, total work and average power than the non-injured individuals at 1.05 rad.s-1 (P < 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals also displayed significantly greater peak torque, total work and average power than the ACL-reconstructed individuals for the quadriceps at both velocities (P < 0.05). The ACL-deficient individuals demonstrated greater hamstring peak torque and total work than the non-injured individuals at both velocities (P < 0.05). The allometrically modelled peak torques at both isokinetic velocities demonstrated that the quadriceps muscle values were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb. The hamstring peak torques corrected for body mass were significantly higher in the non-involved than the involved limb only at 1.05 rad.s-1. The main finding from the present study is that isokinetic measures in ratio-scaled or absolute units yield a different outcome and, hence, interpretation compared with the allometric approach.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Sixty-two elite adolescent (age: 16.39 ± 1.62 yrs) female track and field athletes volunteered to be measured isokinetically for peak torque of the leg flexors and extensors. The sample included 16 throwers, 11 jumpers, 12 middle-distance runners (> 400 m), and 23 sprinters. A Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure dominant leg strength at 180°/sec. One-way ANOVA revealed significant between group differences for absolute flexion and extension (Nm), extension/body weight (Nm/Kg), and extension/lean body weight (Nm/Kg). Scheffe post-hoc comparisons showed that, for absolute leg extension strength, throwers were stronger than middle-distance runners (by 54.4%), sprinters (35.6%), and jumpers (23.6%). For absolute leg flexion movements, throwers were stronger than middle distance runners (37.4%) and sprinters (32.1%). Jumpers had greater extension peak torque values than middle-distance runners relative to body weight (14.0%), and throwers were stronger than middle-distance runners for extension/lean body weight (14.9%)). No other comparisons were significant. However, when strength was expressed relative to body weight or lean body weight, there were few differences between events for flexion or extension. Given that absolute strength scores were correlated with body weight and lean body weight, peak torque/body weight or peak torque/lean body weight may be more sensitive than absolute values as indicators of underlying factors (such as training status or fiber type composition) responsible for the differences in muscular strength between groups.  相似文献   

17.
目的:探讨八段锦训练联合有氧踏车训练对经皮冠状动脉治疗(percutaneous oronary interventio,PCI)术后患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪及心肺功能的影响。方法:选取首都医科大学附属北京康复医院心脏康复中心2018年2月-2020年1月收治的冠心病PCI后80例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组给予常规药物治疗及健康宣教,实验组在常规药物治疗及健康宣教基础上给予八段锦训练联合有氧踏车训练,一次训练包括30 min有氧踏车、28 min八段锦训练,3次/周(周一、三、五),持续12周。结果:术后第13周,实验组广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD-7)评分(3.23±1.72)及病例健康问卷(PHQ-9)评分(3.75±1.15)明显低于术后第1周GAD-7评分(4.68±2.86)及PHQ-9评分(4.93±2.76),具有显著性差异(P<0.001);与对照组比较,术后第13周实验组GAD-7评分与PHQ-9评分具有显著性差异(P<0.05);峰值摄氧量(19.84±1.12)ml·min^-1·kg^-1、峰值氧脉搏(12.91±0.72)ml.次^-1、无氧阈摄氧量(12.75±1.21)ml·min^-1·kg^-1、无氧阈代谢当量(4.68±0.56)METs,均明显高于术后第1周,具有显著性差异(P<0.001);实验组差值与对照组差值比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:八段锦训练联合有氧踏车训练能够明显改善患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪以及患者的心肺功能。  相似文献   

18.
择时营养补充对大学生中长跑运动员运动能力的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的研究择时营养补充对中长跑运动员运动能力及部分血生化指标的影响。方法 16名大学男子中长跑运动员随机分为择时营养补充实验组和安慰剂对照组,实验组每天早7:00时口服温阳中药,晚8:30口服滋阴中药,并在运动前、运动中和运动后2 h补充"糖+大豆肽饮料"(糖与肽的质量比为4:1),并进行6周的运动训练。对照组在相同时间内口服外观相同内含淀粉的胶囊和补充等量纯净水,并执行相同训练计划。结果:发现实验组自身比较PWC170、Pmax、600 m跑和立定三级跳成绩显著提高,100 m跨跳步数明显减少。与对照组比较,实验组在9:00~11:00、16:00~18:00时间段Pmax显著增加;100 m跨跳步数和600 m跑用时显著减少,立定三级跳成绩显著提高。实验后实验组T峰值和中值比对照组显著增加,C峰值和中值显著减低,T/C峰值和中值显著增高69.31%(P<0.05)和61.38%(P<0.05),CK峰值和中值显著降低37.8%。结论:择时营养显著提升大学生中长跑运动员血清睾酮水平、促进运动疲劳的消除和体能的恢复,维护大强度运动后骨骼肌微结构的恢复。  相似文献   

19.
目的:通过对湖南师范大学9名北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,为揭示该项运动膝关节肌群收缩的生物力学特性提供实验依据。方法:采用BIODEX SYSTEM 3等速测试系统对湖南师范大学北狮运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,测试指标为峰力矩、相对峰力矩、屈伸肌峰力矩比、平均功率及做功疲劳度。结果:1)北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势;2)狮头狮尾屈伸肌群峰力矩比值和做功疲劳度无显著性差异;3)狮头狮尾左右膝关节同一肌群峰力矩无显著性差异。结论:舞狮运动员膝关节肌群峰力矩变化随测试速度的增加而减少,平均功率呈现随运动速度的增加而增加,到达一定速度后随速度的增加而减少的特征。  相似文献   

20.
目的:观察补充糖饮料、支链氨基酸和乳清蛋白等能量物质对阶段性大运动量训练维持或提高运动员身体机能和疲劳恢复的影响。方法:根据冬训阶段性训练计划安排,对10名散打运动员在30d的体能训练阶段,按营养补充方案进行能量补充,观察能量补充对机体无氧能力的输出总功、最大功率、疲劳指数,有氧能力的拉桨时间、功率、桨频,生化指标血乳酸(LA)尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(GL)、肌酸激酶(CK)的影响,另选10名队友作空白组,进行自身前后对照和空白对照。结果:观察组经过阶段性能量补充前后运动员的输出总功、最大功率、疲劳指数和桨频均显著提高(P〈0.01),与空白组相比也有明显提高(P〈0.05),训练课后血糖水平也明显提高(P〈0.05),补充支链氨基酸和乳清蛋白后血BUN的恢复与空白组比有极显著好转(P〈0.001)。结论:训练期间补充糖、支链氨基酸和乳清蛋白等能量物质,能明显改善运动员的有氧运动能力和无氧运动能力,明显延缓运动性疲劳的发生,加速运动性疲劳恢复的作用。  相似文献   

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