共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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研究以玉米秸秆为原料制备生物质活性炭,并分别进行NaOH和HNO3改性。考察三种生物质活性炭的用量和粒径、水溶液pH值和吸附时间对水溶液中Cu2+吸附性能的影响,并对其等温吸附特征、吸附动力学和吸附热力学进行研究。结果表明:当0.15~0.30mm的生物质活性炭投加量为0.30g,pH值为6.0时,对溶液中Cu2+具有很好的去除率,在360min时达到吸附平衡;吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型以及准二级动力学方程,且热力学参数ΔG0＜0,ΔH0和ΔS0＞0,为自发的、吸热的和熵增的过程,对水溶液中Cu2+均具有较好的亲和力;相同条件下,三种生物质活性炭对Cu2+的吸附效果表现为:NaOH改性＞HNO3改性＞未改性。 相似文献
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文章基于密度泛函理论,研究了本征及Nb,Fe单原子掺杂单层MoSe2的电子结构及光学性质。计算发现,本征单层MoSe2和Nb-MoSe2为直接带隙半导体,Fe-MoSe2为间接带隙结构;Fe-MoSe2较本征单层MoSe2导电性大大提高,实现了由半导体向半金属的过渡。由态密度分析得出了本征及Nb,Fe单原子掺杂单层MoSe2能量状态主要由Mo 4d,Se 4p轨道电子所贡献的结论,并对各原子掺杂体系轨道电子的能量贡献和掺杂类型做了探讨。此外,还详细分析了费米能级附近的自旋态密度、杂质带、磁性之间的联系。光学性质方面,比较了本征单层MoSe2与各掺杂体系的复介电常数和光吸收系数,在红外光区Fe-MoSe2的吸收系数高于本征单层MoSe2。本征单层MoSe2的光吸收系数为9.69×104 cm-1,是区域最大吸收峰。上述研究表明,通过对单层MoSe2的Nb,Fe掺杂可使电子输运特性得到了增强,为高活性自旋电子和光电子器件设计和研究开辟了新的前景。 相似文献
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以铁尾矿砂为原料,用NaOH,HNO3调节pH值,采用熔融-水热两步法制备了铁尾矿砂光催化剂。利用X射线衍射仪、紫外/可见/近红外光谱仪等对铁尾矿砂光催化剂的结构性能进行表征;以罗丹明B溶液为标准降解物,汞灯为光源,探讨在不同pH条件下合成的铁尾矿砂光催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,铁尾矿砂光催化剂的主要成分为Fe2.35Si0.65O4和NaNO3,且具有良好的光催化效果;在pH 8.5条件下制备的样品具有多孔结构,光催化性能最强;光照120 min时此样品可降解95.1%的罗丹明B溶液;·O2-是光催化反应过程中最主要的氧化活性自由基。 相似文献
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采用诱导法制备空心三元PdPtCu纳米材料,利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌、组成和结构进行表征,并在碱性条件下测试其对乙醇氧化的电催化性能。结果表明,以氧化铜为诱导剂制备的三元PdPtCu纳米材料主要呈空心结构,且其形貌和组成可控;Pd3Pt@Cu,PdPt@Cu和PdPt3@Cu三种材料的质量电流密度分别为8 510 A·g-1,9 270 A·g-1和5 490 A·g-1,无论是质量活性还是稳定性,均明显优于商业Pd/C和商业Pt/C催化剂。 相似文献
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在纯净空气与H2O/ CO2污染空气来流对比试验结果基础上,采用数值计算方法和化学动力学方法,研究了H2O和CO2污染组分对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的影响,获得了试验手段难以得到的燃烧室流场参数和性能数据。完成了相应的煤油燃料超声速燃烧室二维数值计算,其中匹配了进口总温、总压、马赫数、氧气摩尔分数和工作当量油气比。将数值计算结果与相应试验测量值进行了对比分析,并结合燃烧室流场数据、性能参数分析了H2O和CO2污染的动力学影响、以及对燃烧室性能的影响。研究表明:(1)数值计算结果与实验测量值总体上吻合,两种手段均体现了纯净空气来流时不同煤油当量油气比的燃烧室性能,并反映了一致的“污染效应”影响趋势;(2) H2O污染、H2O+ CO2污染的存在降低了煤油燃料超声速燃烧室性能,体现在燃烧诱导压升、燃烧效率、流向冲量增量的下降,而且随着污染组分含量的增加,燃烧室性能下降越加显著。 相似文献
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以Ca(NO3)2、(NH4)3PO4和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为反应原料,常温下水热法制备磁性硅羟基磷灰石(简称Fe3O4@SiHAP)。利用比表面积仪、FTIR、SEM及XRD等对样品晶相、化学组成、形貌等进行分析,同时考察了该材料对模拟Mn2+废水的等温吸附行为。结果表明:Langmuir等温模型拟合Fe3O4@SiHAP对Mn2+的等温吸附实验数据,相关系数高达0.99,比Freundlich和Temkin模型更适合描述其吸附行为,最大吸附容量高达129.87mg/g。 相似文献
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采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Co(NO3)3+Ni(CH3COO)2+Fe(NO3)3]复合纤维,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对复合纤维及其焙烧产物进行了表征,较为系统地考察了制备参数,如PVP含量、醇/水比例、电场强度以及无机盐含量对复合纤维形貌和直径的影响,获得了最佳制备条件。将所得复合纤维在550℃焙烧2h可以制得单相尖晶石结构的晶态Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4纳米纤维,其平均直径约为80nm,在室温下具有良好的磁性,比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力分别为52.3A.m2/kg和81.0kA/m。 相似文献
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Indium oxide nanocrystals with mesoporous structure were successfully synthesized by using triblock copolymer as a template,
and characterized by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution
transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and N2 adsorption. A high EO/PO ratio is thought to be the key point to prepare mesoporous In2O3. The results show that the average pore diameter of the products is 6 nm, the BET surface area is 54.78 m2/g, and the adsorbing pore volume is 0.345 cm3/g. After comparing with normal indium oxide nanoparticles by BET test, mesoporous indium oxide demonstrates a large difference
in adsorbing pore volume and average pore diameters from normal ones.
Project supported by the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.J50102) 相似文献
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In order to separate ZSM-5 zeolite powders from solution easily, a series of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with the addition of magnetic Fe3O4 panicles during the crystalline process. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared （IR） spectrum, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, specific surface area, magnetic susceptibility and adsorption capability. It was found that the magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites had good magnetism and the magnetic susceptibility increased with the increasing amount of Fe3O4 panicles. Compared with the pure ZSM-5 zeolite, the adsorption capability of magnetic ZSM-5 zeolites was acceptable. When the magnetic zeolites were used to adsorb Pb^2＋ from solution, the magnetic zeolite powder could be conveniently separated with magnetic separation technology. 相似文献
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In2O3 Ultrafine Powder Synthesis by Sol—Gel Method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The precursor of ultrafine In2O3 powder was prepared by the hydrolysis,peptization and gelation of InCl3.4H2O used as raw material.After calcination,ultrafine In2O3 powder was obtained.The particles were characterized by the methods of thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA),X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).respectively. 相似文献
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Ultra-high vacuum gaseous hydrogen permeation experiments on Fe3Al-based alloy were performed in the temperature range of 330∼450°C with an upstream hydrogen pressure between 3. 38×104 Pa and 7.28×104 Pa. The results show that the hydrogen diffusivity and permeability in Fe3Al-based alloy obey Arrhenius relationship in the experimental temperature range and the hydrogen permeation process is controlled
by the lattice diffusion of hydrogen at relative high temperature. The activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in the Fe3Al-based alloy was found to be 75 kJ/mol.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59895157) 相似文献
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Chemically processed Nb-doped SrTiO3 films and properties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ming-zhi Yin 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(8):1436-1439
Homogeneous, crack-free SrNbxTi1−x
O3 thin films on (110) silicon substrates were successfully fabricated by sol-gel processing. The optimum route and conditions
were systematically investigated. Sr(OAc)2 glacial acctic acid solution, after being refluxed and reacted with tartrate, formed Sr(OAc)2(C4H6O6)2; Ti(OBu)4 formed Ti(OAc)4−x
(AcAc)x after having the ligand partially exchanged with AcAc, while Nb(OC2H5)5 formed (OAc)2Nb(AcAc) (C4H6O6) by exchanging of ligand in glacial acetic acid with (CH3CO)2O. All the metal species after undergoing partial hydrolysis and polymerization with hydroxyl or oxygen, formed SrNbxTi1−x
O13 cluster sol. Methyl cellulose (MCL) caused SrNbxTi1−x
O3 sol to have polymeric structure and easily form films. SrNbxTi1−x
O3 films with perovskite were subsequently formed after being annealed at 650∼750 °C for 60 min in 25% N2+75% H2 (volume ratio) atmosphere. Resistivity of the SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 films at room temperature was 64 μω·cm, a particular T
2 temperature dependence of the resistivity, from 25 K up to room temperature, was observed.
Project (No. 2002CB613305) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China 相似文献
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利用EF-H_2O_2-FeO_X法深度处理畜牧业养殖废水,结果表明,当pH值为3,电压为24 V,反应时间为45 min,电解质投加量为0.8 g/L,PAM投加量为2.5 mg/L时,对畜牧业养殖废水的深度处理效果最佳,COD的去除率可以达到99.1%。此方法具有成本低、设备简单、效果好等优点,在畜牧业养殖废水的深度处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 （BST） thin films with and without HfO 2 buffer layer were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Dependences of HfO 2 thickness on the dielectric property and leakage current of BST thin films were focused. The dielectric constant of BST thin films increased and then decreased with the increase of HfO 2 thickness, while the dielectric relaxation was gradually improved. The loss tangent and leakage current under positive bias decreased with the HfO 2 thickness increasing. The leakage current analysis based on the Schottky emission indicated an improvement of the BST/Pt interface with HfO 2 buffer layer. The loss tangent, tunability and figure of merit of optimized HfO 2 buffered BST thin film achieved 0.009 8, 21.91% （E max = 200 kV/cm）, 22.40 at 10 6 Hz, respectively. 相似文献
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The synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) from CO hydrogenation has been investigated on Cu-based catalysts. A series
of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared using a solvent-free routine which involved a direct blend of copper/zinc/aluminum salts and citric
acid, followed by calcination at 450 °C. The calcination processes were monitored using thermogravimetry differential scanning
calorimetry (TG-DSC). Catalysts were further characterized using N2 adsorption, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2O oxidation followed by H2 titration, and temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR). The reduction processes were also monitored with in-situ XRD. The physicochemical properties of catalysts depended
strongly on the types of precursor salts, and catalysts prepared using Al acetate and Cu nitrate as starting materials had
a larger surface area, larger exposed metallic copper surface area, and lower reduction temperature. The CO hydrogenation
performances of these catalysts were compared and discussed in terms of their structures. Catalysts prepared with copper nitrate,
zinc and aluminum acetates exhibited the highest catalytic activity. 相似文献
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This work investigated the microwave dielectric properties of A-site substitution by rare earth La3+in(Pb0.5Ca0.5)(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3(PCFT) system.A single perovskite phase was obtained only when the doping content was 2%.Suitable La3+ doping improved microwave dielectric performances.Excessive La3+doping caused the formation of secondary phase,which resulted in the decreasing of permittivity εrand quality factor Qfvalues.Especially,when the doping content is 2%-5%,permittivity εrwas above 75 and Qfvalues were 6... 相似文献