共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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非言语学习障碍 (NonverbalLearningDisabilities,简称NLD)是近年来学习障碍研究领域中出现的新课题。本文从NLD的成因与检出率、心理特点、诊断与干预等方面对NLD研究的最新进展进行述评 相似文献
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林清香 《兰州教育学院学报》2013,(3):154-156
实验使用2×2×2三因素被试内设计,考察格、结论有效性、结论方向性对范畴三段论推理成绩和眼动加工特征的影响。发现:(1)第一格与第四格的推理成绩与总注视时间差异不显著;(2)带有偏好方向结论的推理题成绩高于非偏好方向,且总注视时间较短;(3)结论有效的推理成绩高于结论无效,且总注视时间较短;(4)结论的性质类型影响推理难度。 相似文献
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张薇 《岱宗学刊(泰安教育学院学报)》2009,(4):68-70
运用定量和定性研究方法,调查了200名非英语专业本科二年级学生的听力学习策略,并选取CET-4听力成绩前66名和后66名学生作为高分组和低分组,探讨了其听力策略和听力成绩的关系。统计分析表明,大部分被试(86%)有时候使用听力策略(中等使用频率);听力策略的使用和听力成绩成正相关关系,即高分组在听力策略使用的频率上明显高于低分组,同时策略使用的高频组在听力成绩上也明显高于低频组。随后的个案对比性研究进一步印证了问卷调查的结果。 相似文献
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以80名大三学生为被试,采用2(空间智能)×2(性别)两因素完全随机实验设计,考察空间智能与性别对大学生图形推理的影响。结果发现:在图形推理正确率和反应时上,空间智能的主效应显著,空间智能高者的正确率明显高于空间智能低者,反应时明显少于空间智能低者。性别的主效应不显著,但空间智能和性别的交互作用显著。这一结果说明,空间智能和性别是影响大学生图形推理的重要因素。 相似文献
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非言语型学习障碍(Nonverbal learning Disabilities,NLD)是近年来学习障碍研究的一个新领域,是一种源自大脑右半球的神经障碍。我国研究者依据智力、学业、社会功能、排除等方面的标准对小学儿童非言语学习障碍进行筛查,并加强小学儿童NLD的心理特点研究,如情绪面目表情的认知、社会信息加工、视觉空间认知、选择性注意功能、右脑功能以及干预等。未来我国小学儿童非言语型学习障碍研究,应不断扩展其研究领域,为学校心理辅导提供理论和实践上的指导,从而改善和提高小学儿童非言语型学习障碍者的学习和生活状况。 相似文献
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本研究以42名大三英语专业学生为受试,探究二语词汇知识对于阅读中的词汇推理成绩及其策略选择上有何影响。运用SPSS19.0进行相关分析和回归分析处理后,得出以下结论:(1)二语词汇广度知识与词汇推理成绩呈现正相关。深度知识对词汇推理成绩的影响不显著。(2)二语词汇广度知识对词汇推理成绩的预测力度大于深度知识对于词汇推理成绩的预测力度。(3)词汇量多的学生倾向从大的语境进行词汇推理,而词汇量低的学生倾向于运用构词法、连接词、搭配等小的方面进行词汇推理。 相似文献
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The cognitive and behavioral symptoms of nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) have been described by previous investigators. Nevertheless, we know far less about the potential genetic contributions that may predispose a child to have NLD. An endophenotype model was investigated in 5 samples of children ages 9 to 15 years: NLD (n = 32); reading disorders (RD; n = 59); participants with a psychiatric diagnosis but without a learning disability (n = 55); typically developing controls (n = 31); and children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), a chromosomal deletion syndrome that has been proposed as being an exemplar of NLD (VCFS + NLD; n = 20). Based on a family genetic interview, the authors' data suggest that children with NLD, RD, or a psychiatric diagnosis have a higher prevalence rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse/dependence. Psychiatric controls and children with NLD--but not children with RD-- showed higher prevalence rates of familial bipolar disorder. 相似文献
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Tuller B Jantzen KJ Olvera D Steinberg F Kelso JA 《Journal of learning disabilities》2007,40(4):348-359
Teenagers with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) have difficulty with fine-motor coordination, which may relate to the novelty of the task or the lack of "self-talk" to mediate action. In this study, we required two teenagers with NLD and two control group teenagers to touch the thumb of each hand firmly and accurately to the fingertips of the same hand, in an order specified by verbal or tactile instruction. Brain activity patterns (measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging) suggest that unlike control participants, the NLD participants used internalized speech to facilitate the novel task only when instructions were verbal. NLD participants also showed activity in a more widely distributed network of neural structures. These findings provide preliminary evidence for remediation strategies that encourage internal speech. 相似文献
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Zera DA 《Journal of learning disabilities》2001,34(1):79-94
A dilemma exists regarding the interpretation of learning disabilities. A self-organizing systems (SOS) paradigm suggests widespread, diffuse outcomes, whereas a specific learning disability concept suggests more localized dysfunction. There may be very good reason to doubt the veridicality of the concept of a specific learning disability, not because the construct of learning disabilities itself is a frivolous concept, as some have held, but because the biological or neurological events that underlie a learning disability do not remain focal and constrained only to specific dysfunction. It is important to know whether an identified learning disability remains contained or whether processing disorders might be found in other areas. The assessment profiles of school-age children identified with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD), assumed to have primarily right-hemispheric brain dysfunctions, and children with language-based learning disabilities (LLD), assumed to have primarily left-hemispheric brain dysfunctions, were examined to explore learning disabilities using an SOS paradigm. The pilot study reported here is used as an exemplar of how a self-organizing systems paradigm is conceptualized. Although a more comprehensive study is needed to confirm the data, this exemplar suggests that overflow into areas not typically associated with each disability subtype may occur. Concerns regarding ways of determining discrepancy for diagnostic purposes are noted, and remediation strategies designed for specific disabilities are questioned. 相似文献
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LD status and achievement: confounding variables in the study of children's social status, self-esteem, and behavioral functioning 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of achievement in explaining the poor social and behavioral functioning associated with LD status, and to evaluate potential gender differences in patterns of interpersonal functioning among youth with learning disabilities (LD) and nondisabled (NLD) youth. Thirty-two students with learning disabilities (21 boys, 11 girls) were matched with same-sex, same-race classmates whose reading achievement was low (LA) or average (AA), and these groups were compared on peer ratings of liking and disliking, perceptions of self-worth and social acceptance, and teacher ratings of conduct problems, anxiety-withdrawal, and attention problems. Students with learning disabilities were less accepted and less well-liked than children in the LA or AA groups and also perceived their self-worth and social acceptance to be lower than LA or AA students. Group by Sex interactions were apparent for several of the peer rating and behavioral variables, indicating that different patterns of social and behavioral functioning distinguished LD boys and LD girls from their NLD peers. The findings highlight the potential role of low achievement in peers' dislike of LD girls and suggest the importance of investigating well-defined subgroups of youth with LD in future research. 相似文献
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Direct and indirect measures were used to compare the written language abilities of three groups of college students: two with learning disabilities and one without learning disabilities. Main effects were found for group, but not gender. Differences between nonlearning disabled students (NLD) and those with learning disabilities (LD) in writing were evident on both types of measures. Performance by LD students with disabilities in an area other than writing differed depending on the type of measure and often was no different from either of the other two groups. The combined use of direct and indirect measures appeared most effective for examining the complexities of writing produced by all groups. 相似文献
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The normal development of humor in children has been well documented with a predictable course that is tied to social, cognitive,
and linguistic development in children. This study explored humor comprehension in children with nonverbal learning disabilities
(NVLD). Children with NVLD were compared with children with reading disabilities and a comparison group of children with no
learning disabilities to assess their comprehension of humor. The humor test was composed of a joke and cartoon section. No
group differences in humor comprehension were found when the NVLD group was defined as having visual–spatial and visual reasoning
deficits. However, when the NVLD group was divided into children with and without social perceptual difficulties as defined
by a direct measure of social comprehension, significant group differences were found in the levels of humor comprehension.
These results support the association of humor comprehension with social perception and lend tentative support to the hypothesis
that children with NVLD may not be a homogenous group. Future study directions include further exploration into the nature
of the association between humor comprehension and social perception as well as closer examination of the heterogeneity of
NVLD. 相似文献
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Ann Grasso Ryan 《Annals of dyslexia》1994,44(1):227-249
This paper reports the results of a study comparing college freshmen with learning disabilities (LD) and freshmen with no
learning disabilities (NLD). Four data collections over one academic year were completed on a total of 72 students (LDn=39; NLDn=33). Results of the study indicated differences between groups in their initial choice of living accommodations and in the
changes made over the year: the overall trend was for students with LD to become more dependent on their families, while students
with NLD were becoming less dependent on their families. With regard to academics, students with LD reported spending significantly
less time in study and course preparation, as well as greater pessimism about success in coursework. Despite their pessimism,
the actual GPA attainment of students with LD was similar to that of NLD peers. Whereas both groups initially predicted it
would be easy to adjust to the academic and social nature of college, students with learning disabilities ultimately reported
being dissatisfied with the social climate on campus. No differences were found between LD and NLD students regarding their
motivation for attending college, or their plans for final degree attainment. 相似文献
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The socioemotional adjustment of adolescents with LD in the kibbutz during high school transition periods 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tur-Kaspa H 《Journal of learning disabilities》2002,35(1):87-96
This study examined several aspects of the socioemotional experiences (i.e., loneliness, social skills, reciprocal friendship, reciprocal rejection, and social status) of adolescents with and without learning disabilities in an Israeli kibbutz environment during school transition periods. The sample consisted of 106 students with learning disabilities (LD; 74 boys and 32 girls) and 101 students without learning disabilities (NLD; 62 boys and 39 girls) drawn from seventh grade (i.e., early adolescence) and ninth grade (i.e., middle adolescence). The results revealed that seventh- and ninth-grade adolescents with LD received more social peer rejection than did NLD group adolescents, and students with LD were judged by their teachers to exhibit lower social skills and higher behavioral problems than their classmates. No significant group differences were found on loneliness, but an age-related increase in loneliness feelings was noted, which was independent from group membership and gender. Gender differences on self-report, peer ratings, and teachers' ratings on social measures in favor of girls were demonstrated. The discussion focuses on the potential impact of school transitions and of the developmental environment provided in the kibbutz on adolescents' socioemotional functioning and adjustment. 相似文献
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A comparison of children with and without learning disabilities on social problem-solving skill, school behavior, and family background 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The study compared 86 children with learning disabilities (LD) with 86 matched children without learning disabilities (NLD) on three domains of variables: social problem-solving skill, teacher-rated school behavior and competence, and family background. The children with LD and the NLD group differed on variables in all three domains. More specifically, the children with LD were able to generate fewer alternatives for solving social problem situations, showed less tolerance for frustration and less adaptive assertiveness, and had more overall classroom behavior problems and less personal and social competence in a variety of areas as rated by teachers. Children having LD also showed more family background difficulties (e.g., lack of educational stimulation at home, economic difficulties). The findings suggest the need for greater attention to social and behavioral remediation for children with LD and greater involvement of their families, in addition to the cognitive and academic remediation emphasized in existing curricula for children with LD. 相似文献