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1.
The trajectory model of dispersed phase drops and distribution model of drop diameters were derived.By numerical simulation,the analytical results indicate that a large number of dispersed phase drops accumulate on the upper plate in different directions and form a hydrodynamic area with the stream-wise location in the range of 0—0.4m,where the flow of trickling film obtains kinetic drive from flowing field.The flowing field of trickling film exhibits an unstable state if the stream-wise location is less than 0.02m,and a stable state otherwise.Moreover,different velocity vectors of drops in the x-y plane result in different interactions between the trickling film and drops.For the non-uniform distribution of drop diameters,there is a stronger interaction between the trickling film and drop if the stream-wise location is less than 0.02m,because the amplitudes of velocity vectors are higher than those in the range of 0.02—1.0m.The result reveals a complexity and diversity of stratified two-phase flowing field.On the other hand,both the basic flowing field and distributions of drop diameters have a great influence on the distributions of comparable kinetic energy of drops.The complicated motions of larger drops are helpful to coalescence because they will consume much more kinetic energy on the trickling film than those of smaller drops.The change of comparable kinetic energy of smaller drops is continuous and steady.The smaller drops are easily entrained by the liquid-liquid flowing field. 相似文献
2.
Plate packages are effective and promising appa-ratus for the separation of droplets from non-homoge-neous mixed systems of liquid-liquid dispersion inchemical unit operation for their features of compactconfiguration, low equipment cost and high efficien-cy[1]. The theories of plate separators were proposedand a lot of experimental researches were carried outin 1960s. Walteret alproved that in contrast to tradi-tional gravity settlers, plate packages are successfullyused to improve the separa… 相似文献
3.
The normal impingement process of two water droplets upon a thin film on the solid surface was numerically investigated. The numerical treatment was based on the finite volume solution of the Navier-Stokes （N-S） equations combined with the volume of fluid method （VOF）. Physically reasonable results for the process of two droplets impacting on the thin film were obtained. The effects of the droplet velocity, the fihn thickness and the spacing between the two droplets on the splash and spread process of the impact were examined. 相似文献
4.
研究目的：从实验及理论角度闸述边坡高扬程虹吸排水容易断流造成虹吸中断的原凶,并提供解决方案,实观虹吸排水的长期有效。创新要点研究方法重要结论：利用物理模型实验,结合理论解析推导,得到了高扬程虹吸排水管顶部流态特抓及其与管径的关系,解决了高扬程虹吸排水容易断流造成虹吸中断问题,保证了虹吸排水技术住边坡治理工程中的长期有效性。通过物理模型试验,揭示虹吸水流经过管顶区段的兰利,流型特征（见图4）;利用热力学理论推导,得到了虹吸水流绛过管顶区段由贴壁流向弹状流转变的临界管住,址公式（23）。管中形成气液共吲移动的完整掸状流是灾脱虹吸排水长期稳定的关键,虹吸水流绛过管硕区段由贴壁流向弹状流转变时存扯临界管仵。保讹边坡工群中虹吸排水长期稳定的管径以3．6mm为宜。 相似文献
5.
A quasi 1D model of two-phase flow for a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is developed which can calculate not only the generation of reducing agent but also the formation of deposits in the exhaust pipe. The gas phase flow is solved through Euler method, variables are stored on staggered grids, and the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation (SIMPLE) algorithm is applied to decouple the pressure and velocity. The liquid phase is treated in a Lagrangian way, which solves the equations of droplet motion, evaporation, thermolysis, and spray wall interaction. A combination of a direct decomposition model and a kinetic model is implemented to describe the different decomposition behaviors of urea in the droplet phase and wall film, respectively. A new 1D wall film model is proposed, and the equations of wall film motion, evaporation, thermolysis, and species transport are solved. The position, weight, and components of deposits can be simulated following implementation of the semi-detailed kinetic model. The simulation results show that a decrease in the exhaust temperature will increase the wall film region and the weight of deposits. Deposit components are highly dependent on temperature. The urea-water-solution (UWS) injection rate can affect the total mass of wall film and expand the film region, but it has little influence on deposit components. An increase in exhaust mass flow can decrease the total weight of deposits on the pipe wall because of the promotion of the mass and heat transfer process both in the droplets and wall film. 相似文献
6.
A laboratory-scale trickling biofilter column,filled with Raschig rings and inoculated with Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 1785)was used to purify chlorobenzene contained waste gases.Sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS)was used to enhance the performance of trickling biofllter.Purification performance of the trickling biofilter was examined for chlorobenzene inlet concentration of 1.20～5.04 g/m~3 at different EBRTs between 76～153 s.Without SDS addition,with simultaneous increase in chlorobenzene inlet loading rate and gas flow rate,100% removal efficiency was achieved at EBRT of 109 s and inlet loadings below 5120 mg/m~3.Addition of SDS to nutrient solution led to improvement of trickling biofilter purification performance. By introducing 25 mg/L SDS,the removal efficiency was increased by 21% and elimination capacity up to 234 g/(m~3.h)was achieved at chlorobenzene inlet loading of 241 g/(m~3.h).Although SDS concentration experienced a low rate reduction after continuous nutrient solution recirculation,this result has little influence on trickling biofilter's removal efficiency in monitoring period. 相似文献
7.
孙锦龙 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2001,15(4):58-61
分析了物体在地球表面作水平面运动或非水平面运动时 ,所受到的地转偏向力 f P 的大小 ;除赤道上作非水平面运动外 ,地转偏向力都可用 f P=2 mωv1sin表达 ,其中 v1 是物体在水平面内的运动速度 ,或是非水平面内的运动速度 v在水平面内的分量的大小 (v的另一个分量须平行于 )。赤道上作非水平面内运动的物体所受的地转偏向力并不等于零。 相似文献
8.
通过记录液-液体系中射流断裂形成液滴的过程,分析了孔径、流速对液滴粒径的影响,得出结论,孔径越大形成的液滴平均粒径越大,液滴粒径随流速的增加先减小后增大。 相似文献
9.
10.
基于流体网络理论,研究了通过改变回热器流阻对由双向进气阀诱发的直流流动进行抑制的可行性,计算结果表明,增加回热器流阻可以有效地抑制直流,进而有望提高脉管制冷机在高温区的稳定性能.在此基础上,采用不同的回热器填料布置方式,对脉管制冷机的稳定特性开展实验研究,通过采用直径0.25 mm的铅丸代替回热器冷端(0.3回热器长度)247目不锈钢丝网的方法,实现了制冷机在80 K温区长时间稳定工作.该研究为解决脉管制冷机存在的高温区性能不稳定提供了新的途径. 相似文献
11.
采用线性稳定性理论研究了三维平板边界层中展向来流速度对流动稳定性的影响。在基本流中给出了展向速度的大小,从特征值、特征函数和扰动波的增长幅值上显示不同展向来流速度的计算结果,并和无展向来流速度的二维边界层进行比较,结果表明,展向速度对边界层内的扰动起着不稳定的作用,且展向速度越大稳定性越差。 相似文献
12.
Measurement of the thermal transport properties of dielectric thin films using the micro-Raman method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The micro-Raman method is a non-contact and non-destructive method for thermal conductivity measurement. To reduce the measurement error induced by the poor fit of the basic equation of the original micro-Raman method, we developed a new basic equation for the heat source ofa Gaussian laser beam. Based on the new basic equation, an analytical heat transfer model has been built to extend the original micro-Raman method to thin films with submicrometer- or nanometer-scale thickness. Experiments were performed to measure the thermal conductivity of dielectric thin films with submicrometer- or nanometer-scale thickness. The thermal resistance of the interface between dielectric thin films and their silicon substrate was also obtained. The obtained thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide film is 1.23 W/（m.K）, and the interface thermal resistance between silicon dioxide film and substrate is 2.35×10^-8 m^2.K/W. The thermal conductivity and interface thermal resistance of silicon nitride film are 1.07 W/（m.K） and 3.69×10^-8 m^2.K/W, respectively. The experimental results are consistent with reported data. 相似文献
13.
The extractive reaction process of oxygen-working solution-water three-phase system for the production of hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone method was investigated in a sieve plate column of 50 mm in internal diameter. The oxidation reaction of anthrahydroquinone in the working solution with oxygen and the extraction of hydrogen peroxide from the working solution into aqueous phase occurred simultaneously in the countercurrent mode. The agitating effect caused by gaseous phase made the droplets of the dispersed phase become smaller, thus, increasing the liquid-liquid interfacial contact areas and resulting in the improvement of the mass transfer velocity. Results showed that the gas-agitation had a beneficial effect on the extraction of hydrogen peroxide from the working solution into the aqueous phase： the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the raffinate decreased with the increase of the gaseous superficial velocities： and the concentration of H2O2 in the raffinate increased with the increase of the dispersed phase superficial velocity at the same superficial velocity of the gaseous phase. In the G-L-L extractive reaction process, with the increase of the gaseous superficial velocities, both the conversion of the anthrahydroquinone oxidation and the extraction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide first increased significantly, then increased gradually. 相似文献
14.
微孔物理发泡因其本身和制品的诸多优点,已越来越多地受到人们的重视,研究重点也逐渐由对发泡成核机理等的研究转向对加工过程中各种影响因素的研究,以求实现对物质发泡结构（泡孔尺寸、泡孔密度、泡孔形态）的更好控制。熔体温度、熔体压力（压力降或压力降速率）、熔体流速以及气体在体系中的浓度是连续挤出发泡过程中的几个关键参数,该文主要探讨了温度对微孔物理发泡塑料泡孔结构的影响,从理论上分析了聚合物熔体温度对气泡成核及长大的影响,结果与前人实验一致;同时,重点分析探讨了连续挤出发泡过程中发泡温度对气泡成核、泡孔尺寸和泡孔密度、泡孔形态等的影响。 相似文献
15.
纤维滤料新模型的阻力数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用流体力学开源代码OpenFOAM验证了单圆柱体周围的流体特性（包括流型和阻力）,表明Open-FOAM能够用于模拟低Re数流,并发现Shaw的解析解是斯托克斯悖论的一种解.通过对纤维滤料进行试验以及对Tronville-Rivers二维纤维随机分布滤料新模型的阻力特性进行数值模拟,发现Kuwabara模型比Hap-pel模型更能精确预测纤维滤料的阻力,而且试验阻力值介于纤维表面为无滑移和全滑移边界条件下的数值模拟值之间. 相似文献
16.
该文提出了一种新的高频复磁导率的测试方法.首先确定E4991A射频阻抗/材料分析仪的测量原理为单线圈法,在此基础上推导出了测量有衬底磁性薄膜复磁导率所适用的公式.在实际测试过程中,将衬底放入夹具中作夹具短路补偿,减小了由衬底带来的误差;通过反复验证,弄清了系统提供的阻抗值表示的意义,并据此对磁导率的计算公式进行了修正,最后给出了磁性薄膜复磁导率的测量结果.实验表明,该方法简便易行,所得数据与文献中同类薄膜的测量数据基本符合. 相似文献
17.
Particle image velocimetry （PIV） experimental results of wake flow structure of a NACA0012 airfoil with small attack angle mounted above water surface are introduced.The experiment was carried out in a small-scale wind-wave tunnel.The diameter of wind-wave tunnel test section is 1.7 m （long） × 0.4 m （width） × 0.4 m （height）.The flow fields around the airfoil were measured under four diffierent conditions by varying the distance between the airfoil and the water surface.The attack angle of the airfoil was kept 10- during the experiment.For each experimental condition,the time series of particle images was captured to calculate continuous evolution of the velocity fields.The velocity fields were ensemble averaged to get the statistic parameters such as mean velocity and vorticity.Typical instantaneous velocity fields for each case are introduced to show the basic flow structure of wind surface flow separation.The aerodynamic loads acting on the airfoil are analyzed qualitatively according to the mean vorticity distribution in the flow field based on the theory of vorticity aerodynamics.The results indicate that the flow structures and drag/lift force of the airfoil alter remarkably with the changing distance between the airfoil and water surface. 相似文献
18.
The use of a biotrickling filter was investigated for a pilot field-scale elimination of NH3 gas and other odorous gases from a composting plant in Tongzhou District, Beijing. The inlet gas flow rate was 3500 m3/h and NH3 concentration fluctuated between 2.76–27.84 mg/m3, while the average outlet concentration was 1.06 mg/m3 with an average of 94.9% removal. Critical volumetric loading (removal efficiency=100%) was 11.22 g-N/(m3·h). The odor concentration removal was 86.7%. NH3 removal efficiency decreased as the free ammonia (FA) in the trickling liquid increased. The pressure drop was maintained at about 50 Pa/m and was never more than 55 Pa/m. During the experiment, there was neither backflushing required nor any indication of clogging. Overall, the biotrickling filter was highly efficient and cost-effective for the simultaneous biodegradation of NH3 and other odorous gases from composting, suggesting the possibility of treating odorous gases at the industrial level. 相似文献
19.
High resistance thin film chip resistors(0603 type) were studied,and the specifications are as follows:1 k? with tolerance about ±0.1% after laser trimming and temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR) less than ±15×10-6/℃.Cr-Si-Ta-Al films were prepared with Ar flow rate and sputtering power fixed at 20 standard-state cubic centimeter per minute(sccm) and 100 W,respectively.The experiment shows that the electrical properties of Cr-SiTa-Al deposition films can meet the specification requirements of 0603 type thin film chip resistors when the deposition time was about 11 min and deposition films were annealed at 500 ℃ for 120 min.The morphologies of Cr-Si-TaAl film surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The analysis suggests that Ta and Al may be distributed in CrSi2 film with mixed form of several structures(e.g.,bridge-like,capillary-like or island-like structures),and such a structure distribution is responsible for high film resistance and low TCR of Cr-Si-Ta-Al film. 相似文献
20.
Haimanot Habte Lemji Hartmut Eckstädt 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(10):924-933
Evaluating the performance of a biotrickling filter for the treatment of wastewaters produced by a company manufacturing beer was the aim of this study. A pilot scale trickling filter filled with gravel was used as the experimental biofilter. Pilot scale plant experiments were made to evaluate the performance of the trickling filter aerobic and anaerobic biofilm systems for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients from synthetic brewery wastewater. Performance evaluation data of the trickling filter were generated under different experimental conditions. The trickling filter had an average efficiency of (86.81±6.95)% as the hydraulic loading rate increased from 4.0 to 6.4 m3/(m2·d). Various COD concentrations were used to adjust organic loading rates from 1.5 to 4.5 kg COD/(m3·d). An average COD removal efficiency of (85.10±6.40)% was achieved in all wastewater concentrations at a hydraulic loading of 6.4 m3/(m2·d). The results lead to a design organic load of 1.5 kg COD/(m3·d) to reach an effluent COD in the range of 50–120 mg/L. As can be concluded from the results of this study, organic substances in brewery wastewater can be handled in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner using the gravel-filled trickling filter. 相似文献