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1.
穆棱古近纪（第三纪）碱性玄武岩位于郯庐断裂东北段分支敦化～密山深大断裂带的中北部,与吉林敦化、汪清,黑龙江镜泊湖、牡丹江等新生代火山岩一起分布于兴蒙造山带和太平洋板块俯冲带结合带上;本文利用电子探针、激光剥蚀等离子质谱技术（LA-ICP-MS）及多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）分析了来自玄武岩风化冲积物中锆石巨晶的主、微量元素及其Hf同位素组成.这些锆石巨晶具有明显的熔蚀结构,锆石电子探针分析其Zr/Hf比最高可达217,平均150,是目前东部新生代玄武岩锆石巨晶的最高值.它们具有相似的微量元素特征,具有明显的Ce正异常,富集重稀土和HFSE元素,锆石Hf/Y比值大多小于10,Th/U均小于1（一个数据例外）,Yb/Sm为21～59.与岩浆锆石和变质锆石相比,显示过渡的特征;锆石^176Hf/^177Hf变化为0.283105～0.283151,εHf变化在＋11.8～＋13.4之间,显示亏损地幔来源,反映锆石形成时岩石圈地幔主体具有＂新生＂的特征,表明岩石圈减薄或置换事件在东北地区东北部穆棱地区也同样存在.穆棱新生代碱性玄武岩有关锆石巨晶的成因特征与中国东部海南文昌、福建明溪及山东昌乐等地新生代玄武岩的锆石巨晶相同,可能与有下地壳物质参与的近期岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关. 相似文献
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五相（橄榄石＋斜方辉石＋单斜辉石＋石榴石＋尖晶石）共存的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体是来自岩石圈地幔相转变带的直接样品.中国东部及西秦岭地区晚第三至第四纪碱性火山岩携带的少量五相共存的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体为探讨这些地区新生代岩石圈地幔中相转变带提供了宝贵的样品.本文根据地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中石榴石和尖晶石的产出状况,将这些橄榄岩捕虏体分为三类：第一类橄榄岩中尖晶石为粒状残核,尖晶石外缘被石榴石的反应边包围.这种橄榄岩捕虏体代表尖晶石-石榴石相转变带的上限,故称为尖晶石带橄榄岩;第二类橄榄岩中尖晶石和石榴石以单颗粒零散分布为特征,二者共存但未见明显的相转变关系.这类橄榄岩多位于相转变带中部,拟称为尖晶石-石榴石过渡带橄榄岩;第三类橄榄岩中以石榴石为主,尖晶石和辉石等微晶构成石榴石反应边.这类橄榄岩代表尖晶石-石榴石相转变带的下限,故称为石榴石带橄榄岩.因此,根据不同类型橄榄岩捕虏体中矿物的组成,结合温度压力估算即可确定岩石圈地幔中相转变带的深度和厚度.本文通过对中国东部及西秦岭地区晚第三至第四纪碱性火山岩携带的尖晶石-石榴石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的温度压力估算来进一步厘定中国东部新生代岩石圈地幔中的相转变带深度和厚度. 相似文献
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在塔里木东北部，甘肃省西部敦煌市柳园镇南侧，有一条近东西向展布的粗面玄武岩带，长度约150kin，宽度达10km，厚度为1900m。这条粗面石玄武岩带属下二叠统哲斯群，岩浆喷发方式以裂隙式溢流为主，枕状构造特别发育。在玄武岩层间夹有很薄的酸性凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩层，属典型的双峰式火山岩组合。按照岩石化学组成的TAS分类命名，主要岩石类型为玄武岩、夏威夷岩和橄榄粗安岩。主要造岩矿物为钠长石（Ab91～100）和普通辉石。普通辉石斑晶、钠长石斑晶和部分基质中的钠长石具有中空结构，并被层状硅酸盐微晶充填。这些岩石基本属碱性玄武岩系列和过渡型系列，大部分属演化的岩浆。演化程度较低的样品具有轻稀土元素亏损型配分曲线，微量元素地球化学具有MORB亲和性，εNd（t）-＋10．14～10．89。玄武质岩浆与陆壳物质之间有较轻的同化混染作用。普通辉石、铁钛氧化物的分离结晶作用是岩浆演化的主要机制。玄武质岩浆源区属于软流圈地幔．部分熔融发生于尖晶石稳定域．是软流圈地幔减压（上涌）熔融的产物。 相似文献
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克拉玛依市西盆山交界处发育侏罗纪杏仁玄武岩-橄榄玄武岩-含菱铁矿橄榄玄武岩组合,主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜长石(中长石-拉长石为主)、钛铁矿、玄武玻璃及少量磷灰石组成,含菱铁矿橄榄玄武岩中存在原生菱铁矿(≈10%)和少量碱性长石.橄榄石及单斜辉石的Mg#为≈70,单斜辉石属于富Ti普通辉石.含菱铁矿橄榄玄武岩中的菱铁矿常常包裹浑圆状斜长石,且与斜长石呈锯齿状接触.本文提供的岩相学观察表明,菱铁矿与玄武玻璃、斜长石、单斜辉石和钛铁矿呈明显的共生关系.在有些情况下观察到玄武玻璃与菱铁矿充填在斜长石格架的现象.含菱铁矿橄榄玄武岩玻璃中FeO含量最高至29.2%,CaO含量＜1.5%,即熔体具有富Fe贫Ca的特点.早结晶的碳酸盐矿物是以菱铁矿为主的菱铁矿-白云石固溶体(另含少量菱锰矿).斜长石大量结晶促使熔体不断亏损CaO,并导致较晚结晶的碳酸盐矿物向菱铁矿端元演化.菱铁矿发育有明显的成分梯变带(FeO和CaO含量表现出突变).玄武玻璃的Mg#普遍较低且变化范围大,橄榄玄武岩中玻璃的Mg#值最高为64,含菱铁矿橄榄玄武岩中玻璃的Mg#值最低至≈23.依据地质温压计,克拉玛依侏罗纪玄武岩浆的形成温度为1300℃～1340℃,压力为3.0～4.0GPa.基于本文的研究,我们认为克拉玛依侏罗纪含菱铁矿橄榄玄武岩岩浆由含CO2橄榄岩在软流圈中经极低程度部分熔融形成,该岩浆在快速上升过程中通过结晶分异作用形成了菱铁矿. 相似文献
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云南宾川-永胜-丽江地区是峨眉山玄武岩厚度最大、喷发最早的地区，最主要的岩石类型是低钛和高钛玄武岩，并有少量摘要云南宾川-永胜-丽江地区是峨眉山玄武岩厚度最大、喷发最早的地区，最主要的岩石类型是低钛和高钛玄武岩，并有少量的苦橄质玄武岩、苦橄岩和麦美奇岩。大部分火山岩的岩石化学组成属于拉斑玄武岩系列，少数低钛玄武岩属碱性玄武岩系列。它们不同程度地富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素，相对亏损重稀土元素，稀土元素分馏明显，显著亏损相容元素（Co，V，Cr，Ni）。陆壳物质对低钛玄武岩浆的混染程度明显大于对苦橄质岩浆的影响程度。而且混染作用对于Sr同位素和大离子亲石元素的影响程度明显大于对Nd同位素和稀土元素的影响程度。Nd和Sr同位素证明，混染物主要是下地壳变质岩，也有少量上部陆壳物质。未受混染的样品具有适度亏损的Nd、Sr同位素组成。低钛玄武岩和苦橄岩类岩石是不同原生岩浆分异演化的产物。低钛玄武岩的原生岩浆是高镁拉斑玄武岩浆，原生苦橄质岩浆以EM-55为代表（MgO=16．56％）。此外，还有一种比EM-55更富镁的原生岩浆。高镁拉斑玄武岩浆分异过程中的主要分离结晶相／堆晶相是单斜辉石，并有少量斜长石。苦橄岩浆分异过程中的主要分离结晶相／堆晶相是橄榄石，并有少量单斜辉石。参考相关的实验岩石学成果，可以证明，地幔柱源区由两种岩石组成：一种是50％榴辉岩和50％橄榄岩反应形成的石榴石辉石岩，另一种是橄榄岩。在地幔柱绝热上升过程中，位于其轴部的石榴石辉石岩的熔融作用始于≈165km，主要的熔融作用发生于165～128km，持续到66km。熔融产物为苦橄岩浆。橄榄岩的部分熔融始于≈150km，持续到66km，熔融产物是比EM-55更富镁的岩浆。地幔柱头部的熔融作用始于≈100km，终止于66km，主要的熔融作用发生于尖晶石稳定域，熔融产物为低钛玄武岩浆。 相似文献
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华北克拉通东北缘龙岗第四纪玄武岩的地球化学研究为大陆碱性玄武岩的成因以及源区的性质提供了重要的依据.龙岗第四纪玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,具有类似OIB的REE和微量元素分配特征.岩石的Sr-Nd同位素轻度亏损（87Sr/86Sr =0.7044～0.7048,εNd=0.6～2.1）,具有Dupal异常的高放射性成因Pb同位素组成（^206 Pb/^204 Pb=17.734～18.194,^207 Pb/^204 Pb=15.553～15.594,^208 Pb/%204 Pb=38.322～38.707）.这种地球化学特征指示了原始岩浆起源于＜70km深度的地幔,并经历了一定程度的橄榄岩、单斜辉石和钛.铁氧化物的结晶分异.岩浆源区中以来类似MORB软流圈物质的熔体为主,另外有少量来自EM Ⅰ性质的富集岩石圈地幔以及俯冲流体/熔体的物质贡献,显示了深部岩石圈-软流圈一定程度的相互作用以及太平洋板块俯冲的影响.岩浆源区多种端元组分的存在表明该地区岩石圈的减薄/置换受到多种因素的影响. 相似文献
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滇西高黎贡带基性岩脉形成于40～42Ma,以高FeO、TiO2,低K2O含量为特征.虽然多数样品经历了不同程度的地壳混染,少量样品的Nb/La大于1,La/Yb比值较小和Mg#值较高,显示了似洋岛玄武岩（OIB）的地球化学特征,从而为研究区提供了软流圈上涌的岩石学证据.模拟计算进一步暗示高黎贡基性岩脉的源区在尖晶石相橄榄岩中（＜70km）,说明软流圈地幔上涌到很浅的部位,这与目前青藏高原巨厚的岩石圈（＞150km）形成鲜明对比.因此,～40Ma高黎贡基性岩浆活动记录了研究区陆一陆碰撞后特殊的构造演化阶段.高黎贡带基性岩脉与达孜-甲马基性次火山岩在形成时间和地球化学性质上一致,两者均代表了碰撞后消减特提斯洋片与印度板块断离过程中软流圈上涌熔融的产物. 相似文献
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青岛地区晚白垩世基性脉岩中含有两类麻粒岩捕虏体,富辉石麻粒岩和富长石麻粒岩.富辉石麻粒岩的主要矿物组合为Opx＋Cpx＋Pl,具有细粒变晶结构;富长石麻粒岩主要矿物组合为Pl＋OpX＋Cpx十Q或Pl＋Opx/Cpx＋Q,具有中粗粒粒状变晶结构.麻粒岩捕虏体中辉石的Mg#较低（＜66）,普通辉石具有富Na贫Ca的特征,与岩浆底侵作用形成的麻粒岩特征接近.二辉石温度计的计算结果显示这些麻粒岩捕虏体的麻粒岩相变质平衡温度在847～910℃之间.结合富长石麻粒岩的地质压力计的计算结果（0.99～1.17GPa）和地温梯度推测出的＂岩石学＂Moho面深度在33～36公里之间,与＂地震＂Moho面深度基本一致.麻粒岩捕虏体中普通辉石的矿物成分和该地区活跃的岩浆活动暗示青岛地区下地壳麻粒岩不同于典型的古老下地壳麻粒岩地体或捕虏体.他们的形成可能是华北克拉通古老麻粒岩与岩浆底侵作用相互作用的结果. 相似文献
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在青藏高原北部阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带布青山段首次发现了埃达克岩,它们多呈不规则岩脉状侵入于布青山地区北部早古生代蛇绿混杂岩中.其岩性为花岗-英云闪长岩,主矿物有斜长石、石英、黑云母、角闪石、少量钾长石和辉石;副矿物有榍石、磷灰石、锆石和磁铁矿等.属钙碱系列,具典型（Ⅰ类、O型、HSA）埃达克岩的地球化学特征,表现为：高SiO：（63.65%～71.59%）,高Al2O3（14.81%～16.11%）,高Na2O（4.68%～5.33%）和Na2O/K2O（1.48～3.08,平均2.39）,高Sr（444.08×10^-6～560.41×10^-6）和Sr/Y（50.8～105.3）,HREE强烈亏损,低Yb（0.38×10^-6～0.74×10^-6）,高La/Yb（44.93～90.97）,弱负Eu异常（δEu=0.74～0.90）,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,Ba、Pb正异常而Nb、P负异常.获得布青山埃达克岩的锆石TIMS U-Pb年龄为402±24Ma.布青山埃达克岩熔体来自俯冲的昆祁秦洋壳（含海洋沉积物）在石榴石角闪岩相条件下部分熔融,主要残留相为石榴石（±角闪石）.布青山埃达克岩的发现指示早古生代末期洋壳（昆祁秦多岛洋的一部分）俯冲作用的存在,俯冲方向朝北（现在方位）,此前,俯冲带发生长时间的向洋迁移,早古生代末期俯冲带已后退到阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂岩带以南;暗示典型埃达克岩也可以形成于洋壳俯冲晚期;提示阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带可能有与典型埃达克岩有关的Au、Ag、Cu、Mo等热液和斑岩矿床. 相似文献
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Dhofar 1180是一块新发现于阿曼地区的月球陨石,属混合岩质月球角砾岩.本文报道了Dhofar 1180的岩相学和矿物化学特征.该陨石含有辉长岩、斜长岩质辉长岩、辉长质斜长岩、橄长岩和微斑熔融角砾岩等多种类型岩屑,同时还存在含钛玻屑和长石质玻屑.主要的晶屑矿物有橄榄石、辉石、斜长石、和金属氧化物.辉长质斜长岩、橄长岩和微斑熔融角砾岩等岩屑中橄榄石相对富镁（Fo55～69）,斜长岩质辉长岩岩屑中橄榄石相对富铁（Fo31）,含钛玻屑中橄榄石包体成分变化较大（Fo7～54）.晶屑橄榄石相对富铁,且成分变化较大（Fo2～46）.Fe/Mn摩尔比主要在69～113之间变化（平均值为93）,且Fe-Mn摩尔数变化趋势与典型的月球橄榄石一致.辉长质斜长岩、橄长岩、微斑熔融角砾岩等岩屑和含钛玻屑中的辉石相对贫钙,主要为易变辉石（分别为En63 FS32 WO5,En66FS23WO11,En55FS38Wo7和En57FS35WO8）,而斜长岩质辉长岩和辉长岩岩屑中的辉石和晶屑辉石的成分变化比较大（分别为En31～33 FS35～48 WO19～34,En18～48 FS23～51 WO24～38＋En1～9 FS65～86 WO14～26和En11～53 FS23～63WO6～36）,为易变辉石和普通辉石,以及少量三斜铁辉石.含钛玻屑中辉石含有较高的Al2O3（2.79%）和TiO2（1.57%）含量.辉石的Fe/Mn摩尔比主要在50～70之间变化（平均值为63）,且其Fe-Mn摩尔数变化趋势也与典型的月球辉石一致.斜长石主要是钙长石,含有少量的Na2O,An组分范围是91～98.金属氧化物主要为钛铁尖晶石-铬铁矿-尖晶石固溶体,存在少量的钛铁矿.Dhofar 1180的矿物学、岩石学和微量元素地球化学特征与已知的月球陨石和月岩样品有明显的差异,它来自月球表面的一个新的未知地区.对Dhofar 1180的矿物学、岩石学和化学成分的研究将更大地丰富我们对月球表面物质组成和演化的全面认识. 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
19.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献