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1.
A J Ward-Smith 《Journal of sports sciences》1986,4(2):89-99
An analysis of long jump performance, including both the approach and aerial phases, is applied to Bob Beamon's legendary leap at the Mexico City Olympic Games of 1968. It is shown that the combined effects of altitude and wind assistance yielded an increment in the length of the jump of about 31 cm, compared to a corresponding jump at sea level under still air conditions. The main factor is shown to be the increased sprinting speed attained under favourable conditions of wind and altitude. 相似文献
2.
A.J. Ward‐Smith 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):89-99
An analysis of long jump performance, including both the approach and aerial phases, is applied to Bob Beamon's legendary leap at the Mexico City Olympic Games of 1968. It is shown that the combined effects of altitude and wind assistance yielded an increment in the length of the jump of about 31 cm, compared to a corresponding jump at sea level under still air conditions. The main factor is shown to be the increased sprinting speed attained under favourable conditions of wind and altitude. 相似文献
3.
《Sport in History》2013,33(2):213-235
In the autumn of 1965 the British Olympic Association organised a party of doctors, scientists and athletes to investigate the effects of altitude on athletic performance. As the first major example of ‘sports medicine’ research in the history of the BOA, the Mexican Research Project is multiply symbolic. This paper explores the significance of the research project, and the rich rhetoric of ‘amateurism’ that was used both to support and attack the IOC's decision to hold the 1968 Olympic Games at altitude. As well as being a significant moment in the formation of sports medicine as a distinct specialty in the UK, the Mexican Research Project also demonstrates the tensions and trends in the international sporting and political scenes. 相似文献
4.
2011年10月中华人民共和国第七届城市运动会（以下简称＂七城会＂）在＂英雄城＂南昌举行。＂七城会＂的举行是江西省南昌市的一件大事、喜事、盛世,也是江西省有史以来承办过的规模最大、规格最高、影响最广的大型体育运动会,为南昌市乃至江西省实施中部崛起战略提供新机遇、新动力。＂七城会＂的举办给了南昌市一次千载难逢的契机,＂七城会＂对南昌市城市文化建设、江西省竞技体育和全民健身的健康发展等方面产生的作用和影响是深远与重大的。 相似文献
5.
Patrick Thomas Ridge 《Soccer & Society》2019,20(7-8):960-972
ABSTRACTThe 1986 Mexico World Cup is memorialized in terms of two iconic moments produced by Argentine legend Diego Maradona’s on-field magic in the game against England – the controversial ‘Hand-of-God’ goal and the dribbling masterpiece score, unarguably considered to be the ‘Goal of the Century’. However, the World Cup with these dramatic events came in the backdrop of a tragic earthquake that devastated Mexico City taking a heavy toll of lives only a year back. While Mexico’s ruling party was accused of corruption and mismanagement in relief work, the government went ahead with the organization of the tournament. Interestingly, popular protests and movements against the government centred around stadiums such as the Estadio Azteca – the site of Maradona’s famed goals, transforming the same into sites of contestation and solidarity for many Mexicans. Writing at the time, Carlos Monsiváis, Mexico’s most notable chronicler, in his famous ‘¡¡¡Goool!!! Somos el desmadre’ (1986), captured the subversive atmosphere of these sporting venues through fan behaviour amounting to their counter-hegemonic fervour, coined ‘el desmadre’ in the chronicle. This study offers a discursive literary analysis of Monsiváis’s text and argues that both Monsi’s chronicle and his protagonists’ ‘disorderly’ behaviour served as popular discursive forces that challenged the Partido Revolucionario Institucional’s historical dominance in Mexico’s political arena. 相似文献
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自20世纪50年代成为竞技训练的一种思想和方法以来,高原训练已经从最初的高住高训的单一模式发展到现在的包括高住低练、低住高练、高住高练低训等多种形式。在高原训练的实用功效得到普遍承认的同时,如何针对具体的运动项目、具体的运动员机能状态,合理地设置高原训练的时间、强度、模式,已经成为当今训练学研究领域的热点。通过查阅相关文献对高原训练的思想变迁脉络进行梳理,对高原训练的未来发展进行展望,旨在为我国的高原训练实践提供理论参考。 相似文献
7.
模拟高原训练是能够避免高原训练弊端,最大程度激发机体生理潜能,提高运动员竞技水平的有效方法。本研究尝试从设计交替训练的海拔高度着手,通过应用人工低压氧舱模拟高原训练方法,建立固定海拔2500m、4000m以及2500m～4000m交替低氧训练的动物模型,通过应用生理和生化方法对大鼠心肌相关指标进行检测及研究分析,探讨不同海拔及交替海拔训练条件下大鼠心肌抗氧化能力、有氧代谢能力等的变化,从而为运动员高——高交替训练提供参考。实验以雄性Wister大鼠为实验对象,以递增负荷跑台训练方式建立动物训练模型。将筛选后的大鼠随机分为：常氧运动组、2500m低氧运动组、4000m低氧运动组、交替低氧运动组,每组8只。第1周到第4周各组分别以不同的跑台训练模型进行训练,下高原后第5天以25m／min的速度跑至力竭。全部断头处死后,取心肌组织,分别测试各组大鼠心肌中SOD、MDA、SDH、LDH、Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的变化。实验结果表明：经过4周不同海拔低氧递增负荷跑台训练及下高原后4天的训练,交替低氧运动组大鼠心肌各指标,如SOD、SDH、Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性均高于其他各组,MDA低于其他各组,LDH活性组间无显著性变化。说明交替低氧训练既可以维持较高海拔的低氧刺激,又可以减少过高海拔造成的损伤,有利于机体恢复。 相似文献
8.
Seven elite male cross-country skiers trained for 3 weeks at an altitude of 1900 m. Haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), haematocrit (Hct) (obtained from venous blood), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and energy expenditure during a standard submaximal workload were measured before and after training at altitude, and 1 year later while training at sea level (control). Both [Hb] and Hct increased significantly, and the skiers with the lowest initial [Hb] and Hct experienced the largest increases during training at altitude. The increase in blood lactate (BLa) concentration (using haemolysed capillary blood) during a standard submaximal exercise test was significantly lower after training at altitude than before it or 1 year later (control). A significant correlation was found between the magnitude of increase in [Hb] and Hct and the difference in the lactate response to the standard submaximal workload pre- and post-altitude training. Although VO2 max remained unchanged, lower BLa concentration during the submaximal test probably reflects an improved ability to exercise at higher submaximal workloads shortly after training at altitude compared with pre-altitude training. It is suggested that subjects with low initial [Hb] and Hct improve their aerobic performance capacity most during altitude training. 相似文献
9.
Roberta J Park 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):365-395
Among the Greeks of antiquity, the mesomorphic male form had been accorded high status. Two approaches inform the modern world's thinking about ‘the body’ – that which predominates in the biological sciences (the body is a ‘machine’ that is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry) and that which has been receiving intense attention from scholars in the social sciences and humanities (the body is substantially a neutral surface upon which social and cultural values are imprinted). What occurs deep within the body's structures is immensely important but it is anatomical form that commands our attention. The mesomorphic forms that presently pervade the media insistently proclaim that muscularity defines what it is ‘to be a man’. This is by no means the first time that such a message has been heard in the modern world. Among the better educated, by the 1860s the icon of the well-muscled male – and all that this implied – was rapidly replacing the eighteenth-century ideal of manliness as one of proper stances, gestures and countenance. This found particularly powerful expression in new forms of athletics and the concept of ‘athleticism’ that emerged first in England and quickly made its way across the Atlantic, where it became linked to the rising interest in anthropometry and a host of contemporary values. Not everyone agreed, however, that athletics were beneficial; or that the tape measure and dynamometer alone could ‘take a man's measure’. This paper examines the complex matter of the reassertion of the mesomorphic male body in Britain and America from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s – about not only its physical configuration but what was inferred from and about gross anatomical form. 相似文献
10.
Harold Maurice Abrahams (1899–1978) – the British-Jewish athlete made famous by the film Chariots of Fire – won gold for Britain in the 100 m sprint in the 1924 Paris Olympics. Far from being the ‘outsider’ depicted in Chariots of Fire, however, Abrahams’ ‘Anglicisation’ was extensive and played an important role in his life before, during and after his athletics career. Abrahams’ integration went hand-in-hand with his sporting success – something which was celebrated by British Jewry. Such was his assimilation, that by 1936 – a year when Abrahams courted controversy over his stance on the Berlin Olympics – he was criticised for having ‘lost’ all attachment to the community of his birth. In contrast to the film, where Abrahams is seen to be ‘too Semitic’, the Bedford athlete was actually ‘thoroughly Anglicised’. A desire to move into or support middle-to-upper class British society characterised Abrahams’ personal and sporting life much more so than his Jewishness. As time progressed, Abrahams’ Jewish origins meant less and less, both to Harold himself and to those around him. 相似文献
11.
高健 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(3):96-99
当今的竞技体育形势已经发生了深刻的变化,训练的理论、方法和手段以及竞赛的制度等都出现了新的发展趋势。传统的、经典的理论已经无法指导现代竞技体育实践,许多体育专家和学者纷纷提出了新的理论和学说。研究、总结和探讨新的发展趋势和出现的新的理论和观点,对于更好地把握竞技体育的发展趋势,寻找科学的训练理论并用以指导训练实践具有非常重要的现实意义。 相似文献
12.
论计算机辅助运动(CAS)技术在体育训练中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
竞技体育的目标是"更高、更快、更强".运动员通过不断挑战自我来提高速度和力量,除了运动员刻苦的训练之外,科学的训练方法和手段是提高运动员成绩的有效途径.计算机辅助运动(CAS)技术就是这样一种在体育训练的应用中可以提高运动员的科学训练水平和运动竞技水平.文章结合实际研究工作,对基于CAS技术的体育(训练)的发展现状进行综述,最后用实例对CAS技术在体育训练中的应用前景进行了讨论. 相似文献
13.
潘秀清 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(3):62-65
目的:对20名平原受试者进行为期3周递增性低氧训练,测试其低氧训练前后模拟海拔4 800m(PO2为10.4%～10.8%)时血清抗利尿激素(AVP)和醛固酮(ALD)的变化,并结合AMS评分、心率和血压,探讨递增性低氧训练对模拟高海拔低氧环境的适应效果。方法:阶段1:受试者于模拟海拔4 800m低氧环境中急性暴露6 h,以60rpm、80 W的定量负荷仰卧蹬车20 min,LLS量表评价AMS,测试低氧暴露过程中的HR和BP,低氧结束时的血清AVP和ALD;阶段2:进行3周递增性低氧训练后,再重复阶段1的测试。结果:低训后模拟海拔4 800m低氧环境下,AMS评分大于等于3分的人数由9人降到2人;运动时的心率明显低于低训前;急性低氧暴露6h,血清AVP和ALD均较常氧值显著下降;低训3周后再次低氧暴露,血清AVP和ALD与常氧值相比较,均无显著差异。结论:递增性低氧训练有助于增强机体对低氧的习服。 相似文献
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Kerstin Heuwinkel 《Journal of Sport Tourism》2018,22(3):247-263
The popular tourist town of Stellenbosch in South Africa has long been a favoured training destination for European athletes during the northern hemisphere winter months. This paper considers the case study of German athletes – one of the most prominent groups to train in Stellenbosch since the early 1990s. The analysis involves the application of the concept of the Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) to the town’s sport tourism offering. In this regard Stellenbosch continues to experience notable demographic changes, not all of which are related to tourism. The impact of these changes is considered in the context of the factors which have historically made the town a sought-after destination for high performance athletics training camps. Consequently this paper offers an analysis of Stellenbosch’s current and future attractiveness as far as this particular dimension of sport tourism is concerned. This is an important consideration given the availability of alternative training destinations both in South Africa and internationally. 相似文献
16.
中国田径运动发展现状与实施奥运战略的对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年北京奥运会对中国竞技体育的发展起将到巨大的推动作用，如何把握2008这一机遇，充分发挥我国的奥运战略，最大限度的促进我国田径事业的快速发展。本研究力图通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、个人访谈法（运动员）、逻辑推理法等方法对我国田径事业的发展及其实施奥运战略的发展对策进行研究。研究表明：我国田径运动整体水平较低，个别项目突出，合理规划发展我国田径运动事业是当前田径工作的重点和难点；加强科技训练的含量，推进训练——科研一体化的进程，建立合理、公平、公正、有效的青少年竞赛制度，培养、储备优秀后备竞技人才是加快提高我国田径运动水平强有力保证。 相似文献
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By 1837, the sporting landscape of England was populated by a number of professional pedestrians who competed in a range of events that were extensively covered in the sporting press. These men distinguished themselves from their competitors through their use of ‘colours’ and a range of different athletic clothing. In the later stages of the nineteenth century, the dominance of the professional athlete was challenged through the formation of clubs and associations by a public-school- and university-educated middle class. The somatotype and clothing strategies of the Victorian athlete altered as a result. Their assumption of an innate physical superiority, allied to a preference for the all-rounder with his elegance and style, rather than the muscular, specialized sporting bodies of working-class professionals, were important features of an amateur ethos which drew much of its references from the Classical world. Through a discussion of how middle-class amateur athletes used Classical precedents, science and clothing to create the ‘university athlete’ and the ‘university costume’, in order to reinforce the distinctions between their own bodies and those of the professionals, this paper explores the transition from pedestrianism to organized athletics. 相似文献
19.
Gareth Turner Barry W Fudge Jamie S M Pringle Neil S Maxwell Alan J Richardson 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):163-172
This study sought to establish perceptions of elite endurance athletes on the role and worth of altitude training. Elite British endurance runners were surveyed to identify the altitude and hypoxic training methods utilised, along with reasons for use, and any situational, cultural and behaviour factors influencing these. Prior to the 2012 Olympics Games, 39 athletes and 20 support staff (coaches/practitioners) completed an internet-based survey to establish differences between current practices and the accepted “best-practice”. Almost all of the athletes (98%) and support staff (95%) surveyed had utilised altitude and hypoxic training, or had advised it to athletes. 75% of athletes believed altitude and hypoxia to be a “very important” factor in their training regime, with 50% of support staff believing the same. Athletes and support staff were in agreement of the methods of altitude training utilised (i.e. 'hypoxic dose’ and strategy), with camps lasting 3–4 weeks at 1,500–2,500 m being the most popular. Athletes and support staff are utilising altitude and hypoxic training methods in a manner agreeing with research-based suggestions. The survey identified a number of specific challenges and priorities, which could provide scope to optimise future altitude training methods for endurance performance in these elite groups. 相似文献
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文章通过查阅大量有关竞技健美操表现力方面的文献资料,总结自己的训练、比赛经验,观看一些比赛及对健美操教师、学生的调查,从影响健美操表现力方面的因素着手,总结归纳培养和提高表现力的手段和方法,就如何提高竞技健美操运动员的表现力进行多方面探讨,以为竞技健美操训练及比赛提供帮助。 相似文献