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1.
我国的篮球储备资源需要加强,而青少年的篮球运动员是主要的储备力量,运动员需要提高自身的体能和身体素质,这就需要教练对运动员进行针对性的体能训练,科学的体能训练可以帮助篮球运动员获得更充沛的体力,在比赛的最后关头仍然可以发挥出良好的竞技水平从而取得更理想的成绩。青少年篮球运动员处于发育时期,体能往往存在着不足,因此体能训练是运动员练习篮球的基础课程,众所周知,一场篮球赛的身体对抗强度大,对运动员速度、力量、耐力都有很高的要求,身体素质过硬才能掌管一场比赛。在日常的体能训练中,教练应结合每一个篮球运动员自身的特点,制定适合运动员的体能训练计划,要全面考虑多方面因素。 相似文献
2.
Violeta Beniscelli Gershon Tenenbaum Robert Joel Schinke Miquel Torregrosa 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):710-721
AbstractIn this study, we explored the multifaceted concept of perceived mental and physical effort in team sport contexts where athletes must invest individual and shared efforts to reach a common goal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 15 Catalan professional coaches (3 women and 12 men, 3 each from the following sports: volleyball, basketball, handball, soccer, and water polo) to gain their views of three perceived effort-related dimensions: physical, psychological, and tactical. From a theoretical thematic analysis, it was found that the perception of effort is closely related to how effort is distributed within the team. Moreover, coaches viewed physical effort in relation to the frequency and intensity of the players’ involvement in the game. They identified psychological effort in situations where players pay attention to proper cues, and manage emotions under difficult circumstances. Tactical effort addressed the decision-making process of players and how they fulfilled their roles while taking into account the actions of their teammates and opponents. Based on these findings, a model of perceived distributed effort was developed, which delineates the elements that compose each of the aforementioned dimensions. Implications of perceived distributed effort in team coordination and shared mental models are discussed. 相似文献
3.
王擎宇 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(1):67-69
当今世界体坛竞争越来越激烈,优秀竞技运动员的培养一直被认为是各国发展竞技体育的重要任务之一,加之现代社会越来越追求经济效益的最大化,所以在竞技运动体育中如何延长优秀竞技运动员的运动寿命、追求最大训练效益,是当前我国体育主管部门亟待解决的问题.本文运用文献资料、数理统计等研究方法,通过对中外优秀篮球运动员的运动寿命以及参加第29界奥运会男篮前三名队伍和中国队队员的年龄情况比较分析得出结论,并指出影响我国优秀篮球运动员运动寿命的因素. 相似文献
4.
Lea-Cathrin Dohme Susan Backhouse David Piggott Gareth Morgan 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2017,10(1):134-163
Inconsistencies in the use and definition of psychological terms within the talent development literature have been identified. To advance the scientific field, the creation of a shared language is recommended. This review aimed to systematically (1) identify terms used in empirical studies to describe psychological components purported to facilitate athletes’ development; (2) analyse the definition and meanings of these terms; and (3) group, label, and define terms into meaning clusters. A systematic review using a narrative approach to synthesise information was conducted. A comprehensive literature search of SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and ERIC was completed in May 2015. In total, 21 empirical studies, published between 2002 and 2015, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the findings. Identified psychological terms were categorised as psychological skills or psychological characteristics. Psychological skills were defined as athletes’ ability to use learned psychological strategies (e.g., self-talk) to regulate and facilitate the enhancement of psychological characteristics. Psychological characteristics were defined as predispositions that impact upon athlete development (e.g., self-confidence). Despite being relatively enduring and consistent across a range of situations, psychological characteristics can be regulated and enhanced through the use of psychological skills. 相似文献
5.
影响篮球运动员比赛成败的心理归因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于运动心理学理论,对影响篮球运动员比赛成败的心理因素进行总结归纳,并提出了调节影响篮球运动员比赛成败心理因素的路径,为以后篮球教学、训练提供参考,并在一定程度上帮助运动员积极有效地克服比赛中的各种心理障碍. 相似文献
6.
依据心理控制源理论,运用心理测量及数理统计法,对87名优秀青年篮球运动员在任务结果变化时操作技能成绩受到的影响进行研究,为教练员解决在比赛中如何使用队员的问题提供一些参考。结果表明,外控型运动员易受任务结果的影响,而内控型运动员受任务结果的影响不大。 相似文献
7.
Two studies were conducted. The aims of Study 1 were (a) to generate quantitative data on the content of athletes' self-talk and (b) to examine differences in the use of self-talk in general as well as the functions of self-talk in practice and competition settings. Differences in self-talk between the sexes, sport types and skill levels were also assessed. Athletes (n = 295, mean age = 21.9 years) from a variety of sports and competitive levels completed the Self-Talk Use Questionnaire (STUQ), which was developed specifically for the study. In Study 1, single-factor between-group multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant differences across sex and sport type for the content of self-talk. Mixed-model multivariate analyses of variance revealed overall greater use of self-talk, as well as increased use of the functions of self-talk, in competition compared with practice. Moreover, individual sport athletes reported greater use of self-talk, as well as the functions of self-talk, than their team sport counterparts. In Study 2, recreational volleyball players (n = 164, mean age = 21.5 years) completed a situationally modified STUQ. The results were very similar to those of Study 1. That the content of athlete self-talk was generally positive, covert and abbreviated lends support to the application of Vygotsky's (1986) verbal self-regulation theory to the study of self-talk in sport. Researchers are encouraged to examine the effectiveness of self-talk in future studies. 相似文献
8.
Jason Ritchie Itay Basevitch Ryan Rodenberg Gershon Tenenbaum 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2080-2087
Officials are expected to perform impeccably despite the wide range of stressors they experience. A stressor that officials frequently report is situation criticality. Situation criticality is comprised of score differential (i.e., more pressure in close games) and time remaining in a game (i.e., more pressure as time expires), which affects athletes’ stress levels. The present study explored the effect of situation criticality on officials’ stress levels. High school basketball officials (n = 108) with an average of 18.1 (SD = 11.2) years of officiating experience were given a survey packet containing game situations that varied in criticality. For each game situation (n = 9) officials completed the overall stress and appraisal portions of the Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM). Results revealed that situation criticality has an effect on officials’ perceived stress levels. Both threat and challenge appraisals were positively correlated with perceived stress. Overall, these findings indicate that officials’ stress levels fluctuate within games depending on score differential and time of game. The findings encourage officials to recognise and manage their stress, possibly through their appraisals. Additionally, the findings can affect the training of officials in the management of stress, as well as prompt the consideration of potential rule changes that reflect the increased situational demands on officials in critical situations (e.g., expanded instant replay). 相似文献
9.
Two studies were conducted. The aims of Study 1 were (a) to generate quantitative data on the content of athletes' self-talk and (b) to examine differences in the use of self-talk in general as well as the functions of self-talk in practice and competition settings. Differences in self-talk between the sexes, sport types and skill levels were also assessed. Athletes (n = 295, mean age = 21.9 years) from a variety of sports and competitive levels completed the Self-Talk Use Questionnaire (STUQ), which was developed specifically for the study. In Study 1, single-factor between-group multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant differences across sex and sport type for the content of self-talk. Mixed-model multivariate analyses of variance revealed overall greater use of self-talk, as well as increased use of the functions of self-talk, in competition compared with practice. Moreover, individual sport athletes reported greater use of self-talk, as well as the functions of self-talk, than their team sport counterparts. In Study 2, recreational volleyball players (n = 164, mean age = 21.5 years) completed a situationally modified STUQ. The results were very similar to those of Study 1. That the content of athlete self-talk was generally positive, covert and abbreviated lends support to the application of Vygotsky's () verbal self-regulation theory to the study of self-talk in sport. Researchers are encouraged to examine the effectiveness of self-talk in future studies. 相似文献
10.
心理控制源与不同任务难度对篮球运动员操作技能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据心理控制源理论,并结合篮球运动的特点,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、教练员评定法、心理学方法及数理统计法等,对87名优秀青年篮球运动员在任务难度变化时操作技能成绩受到的影响进行研究,为教练员在比赛中的临场换人提供理论依据,并试图为教练员在比赛中如何使用队员、保持主力队员和核心队员的竞技状态问题提供一些参考。 相似文献
11.
篮球意识的锻炼和提高，只有在有攻守对抗的情况下，在比赛的环境中才能进行。小型比赛训练模式是简化的5人制比赛，是一种渐进过程，是逐步走向真正比赛的最好训练手段。小型比赛训练模式可以为青少年提供大量接触篮球的机会，同时可以产生许多比赛局面供运动员识别，为运动员提供了一个真实的篮球比赛场景，所以它是青少年运动员提高篮球意识的有效方式。 相似文献
12.
如何做好中学生篮球运动员身体素质训练是教练员（体育老师）必须考虑的问题之一,我国中学生篮球运动员发展专项技术水平较慢,很重要的原因是没有良好的身体素质作保证。没有良好的身体素质,个人技术相对得不到较好的发挥,这是中学生篮球运动员技、战术训练中较为普遍存在的问题。中学期间运动员技术水平还没有定位,只抓技、战术会导致运动员... 相似文献
13.
Athletes frequently have to adapt their skills to fast changes of play, often requiring the flexible execution of a particular movement skill with either hand. To assess the influence of sport-specific expertise and extensive sport training on human laterality, a video analysis of regular basketball games was performed for professional, semi-professional, and amateur players to investigate how non-dominant hand use and proficiency change with increasing expertise. Our results showed that the right-hand (i.e. dominant hand) bias in basketball players is reduced with increasing expertise (i.e., competitive level). Accordingly, we found that professional players use their non-dominant hand more often and with greater success than semi-professional and amateur players. This was true for most of the basketball-specific skills. Based on these results, we assume that increasing amounts of bilateral practice can lead to a shift in task-specific manual preference towards a higher use of both hands in competition, as well as to a higher proficiency for non-dominant hand actions in particular. From an applied perspective, the more frequent use and higher proficiency of the non-dominant hand in professional basketball players, compared with amateurs, suggests that the context-specific and skilled use of the non-dominant hand is crucial for successful play at higher competitive levels in the sport of basketball. 相似文献
14.
The frequency of one-legged stance and two-legged stance differs considerably among sports. We therefore expect the balance ability of athletes from different sports to vary. This study compared the sway characteristics during a static one-legged stance of soccer players, basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. The centre of pressure sway during one-legged stance of ten male participants representing each of the four groups was measured using a stabilometer. Centre of pressure sway was assessed by four sway factors: sway velocity, anterior-posterior sway, horizontal sway, and high-frequency sway. None of the four groups of participants showed significant differences in body sway between standing on the dominant leg and standing on the non-dominant leg. The soccer players had more high-frequency sway and less anterior-posterior sway and horizontal sway than the basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. These results suggest that soccer players have superior ability to maintain a stable one-legged stance. Further study is required to determine how much of the superior balance ability in soccer players is innate and how much is developed through training, as well as to determine the relationship between balance ability and playing performance. 相似文献
15.
同场对抗性集体球类项目球队竞技能力要素分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
同场对抗性集体球类项目主要包括足球、篮球、手球、冰球、曲棍球等，该项群运动的竞技能力及其影响因素是所有竞技体育项目中最复杂、最易变、最难以控制的。主要的影响因素有：球员的因素，包括每个位置上球员的专职水平，核心球员的水平，有无球星级球员等；教练员的因素。球队的客观环境因素包括对手的水平、竞赛环境、裁判的执法效果等；球队的社会文化、心理环境因素，包括整个社会的行为文化与精神文化、运动队集体的奋斗目标、队内人际关系气氛、运动队与社会的关系状态等。 相似文献
16.
女子篮球运动员16PF常模标定及人格特点分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对我国部分女子篮球运动员16PF人格因素测试结果研究得出女子篮球运动员与全国成人女子在16种人格特征比较中有多项存在着显著差异，反映了运动员人格特征的独特性；女子篮球运动员人格心理健康水平比一般人高，希望成就超过普通人；运动健将与一般运动员相比，有5种人格特征存在差异，其中，稳定性、恃强性等因素差异显著，运动健将具有比赛所必需的人格心理优势；成为优秀女子篮球运动员需要通过多年努力，最佳运动年龄阶段在23～27岁。 相似文献
17.
Abstract The frequency of one-legged stance and two-legged stance differs considerably among sports. We therefore expect the balance ability of athletes from different sports to vary. This study compared the sway characteristics during a static one-legged stance of soccer players, basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. The centre of pressure sway during one-legged stance of ten male participants representing each of the four groups was measured using a stabilometer. Centre of pressure sway was assessed by four sway factors: sway velocity, anterior-posterior sway, horizontal sway, and high-frequency sway. None of the four groups of participants showed significant differences in body sway between standing on the dominant leg and standing on the non-dominant leg. The soccer players had more high-frequency sway and less anterior-posterior sway and horizontal sway than the basketball players, swimmers, and non-athletes. These results suggest that soccer players have superior ability to maintain a stable one-legged stance. Further study is required to determine how much of the superior balance ability in soccer players is innate and how much is developed through training, as well as to determine the relationship between balance ability and playing performance. 相似文献
18.
目的:对篮球、手球、足球运动员的身体成分和肌肉力量进行比较分析,探讨三大球运动员身体素质的特点与差异,为运动训练以及运动员科学选材提供理论参考.方法:研究对象均为篮球、足球、手球二级以上专业运动员,均为男性,身高、体重、年龄和运动年限无明显差异,对研究对象进行体成分和肌肉力量测试及比较分析.结果:篮球组与手球组腹下脂肪比率、基础代谢、肥胖程度、BMI以及细胞液都有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);篮球组与足球组之间下肢和腹下脂肪与体重比存有差异性(P＜0.05),胸下脂肪与体重比存有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);手球运动员与足球运动员之间肥胖程度、BMI、细胞液和基础代谢均有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);在上下肢力量方面篮球运动员与手球和足球运动员存有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:手球运动员在身高、体重、脂肪比率、BMI、细胞量、蛋白质、无机盐、细胞液方面都明显高于篮球和足球运动员;篮球运动员在力量方面比较占据优势;足球运动员身材相对较小,在体脂比率、BMI以及上下肢力量方面低于篮球和手球运动员. 相似文献
19.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):622-629
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the appropriateness of offensive tactical decision-making of Arab basketball players, and to determine if there are differences in the appropriateness of offensive tactical decision-making within the various disability classifications of Arab basketball players. A twenty-question survey was formulated to assess decision-making in offensive tactical situations in wheelchair basketball players. Participants in the present study were 108 athletes from 10 Arab national teams participating in wheelchair basketball. The mean offensive tactical thinking level of wheelchair basketball players in the 20 different situations in the Arab countries ranged between 1.38–2.84, and the standard deviations for these 20 means ranged from 0.41 to 0.90. The total mean of all tactical situations was 2.33, which is moderate thinking level. The influence of the disability classification on the offensive tactical thinking of wheelchair basketball players was addressed by examining the data via a one-way ANOVA. The ANOVA revealed no significant differences among disability classifications/categories in tactical thinking (F(3, 104)=1.12, p=0.34). This study represents the first attempt to identify why Arab nations have not consistently qualified for the Paralympics or World Championships. These findings indicate that the moderate offensive tactical thinking level of wheelchair basketball players on Arab national teams may be part of the reason that performances of these teams have not been as strong as they would like. 相似文献
20.
This study was aimed at examining how basketball players view unexpected performance errors in basketball, and under what conditions they perceive them as choking. Fifty-three basketball players were randomly assigned into 2 groups (game half) to evaluate the linkage between performance decline and choking as a function of game-time, score gap and game half. Within each group, players viewed 8 scenario clips, which featured a different player conducting an error, and subsequently rated the extent of performance decline, the instance of choking and the salience of various performance attributions regarding the error. The analysis revealed that choking was most salient in the 2nd half of the game, but an error was perceived as choking more saliently in the beginning of the 2nd half. This trend was also shown for players’ perception of performance decline. Players’ ratings of the attributions assigned to errors, however, revealed that during the end of the 2nd half, time pressure and lack of concentration were the causes of errors. Overall, the results provide evidence towards a conceptual framework linking performance decline to the perception of choking, and that errors conducted by players are perceived as choking when there is not a salient reason to suggest its occurrence. 相似文献