共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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运用统计学方法找出影响前倾式蹲踞式出发时间的主要水上及水下技术指标。选取山东省优秀游泳女运动员10名,运用2台陆上摄像机、1台水下摄像机与1台测力起跳台同步定机拍摄15 m 完整出发技术动作周期,使用 Kwon3D 和 Biowave 进行运动学和动力学数据解析,使用统计学软件 SPSS 对26个指标进行了相关性分析,发现前倾式蹲踞式出发总时间受水下时间的影响;出发台上时间受后腿膝关节角度和蹬离时间的影响;出发腾空时间受起跳角和腾空高度的影响;水下时间受入水深度、水下打腿次数、入水角、水下水平初速度和滑行髋关节角度的影响;腾空时间影响入水距离和入水水平初速度;腾空阶段髋关节角度影响入水水平初速度;前脚水平蹬离最大力量影响入水水平初速度和水下水平初速度;起跳角和前后脚水平蹬离力量影响离台水平速度,离台水平速度影响腾空高度、入水角、入水距离。 相似文献
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游泳蹲踞式与抓台式出发技术运动学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对８名优秀青少年游泳运动员进行为期八周的出发技术系统训练，通过对蹲踞式和抓台式两种出发技术的影片和录像解析，进行了有关运动学的研究。研究结果表明：蹲踞式出发在离台时间和水平速度方面明显优于抓台式，而且蹲踞式出发可以创造与抓台式相同的出发成绩。又根据国外学者提出的蹲踞平式是最快的出发技术，建议在我国游泳教学和训练中进行蹲踞式出发技术的尝试。对蹲踞平式出发技术应进行进一步的研究。 相似文献
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3种游泳出发技术的运动学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
重点描述20世纪90年代后出现的后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术,并与现在常用的前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式游泳出发技术进行比较。运用生物力学测试方法,使用超微摄像机对8名优秀女游泳运动员进行定点拍摄,通过对3种游泳出发技术的录像进行解析来比较研究它们的部分运动学特征,得出这3种游泳出发技术的特点。研究结果表明:后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术稳定性高;后摆蹲踞式出发技术较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术离台水平速度大,手的拉台效果明显,但滞台时间也较长;后摆蹲踞式出发技术的台上预备姿势重心投影点距出发台前沿较前倾蹲踞式和前抓台式出发技术靠后,不利于快速起动。对3种游泳出发技术的综合评价表明,后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术有利因素较多。 相似文献
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两种蹲踞式游泳出发技术的运动学比较分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取8名男子大学生游泳运动员,进行为期4周的前倾蹲踞式与后摆蹲踞式游泳出发技术的规范训练.通过对两种蹲踞式出发技术的录相解析来比较研究其出发技术的运动学特征.研究结果表明,后摆蹲踞式出发技术不仅在预备姿势、起跳、腾空等阶段有利因素较多,而且在入水及水下滑行阶段更具有明显的优势. 相似文献
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蹲踞式出发(Track start,TS)和抓台式出发(Grab start,GS)这两种技术占据了当前竞技游泳运动台上出发的绝对主导地位,也一直受到科研人员的关注.尽管对此有相当多数量的研究报道,然而,并没有形成一些结论性的意见.基于"2008年全国游泳冠军赛暨奥运会选拔赛"和"2008年全国游泳锦标赛暨全运会选拔赛"的决赛结果,对两种出发技术进行探讨,分析这两种出发技术对出发反应时间和出发效率(到达15 m线时间)的影响.分析结果揭示,蹲踞式出发技术的反应时间在大部分项目上具有显著优势.总体来说,出发效率也表现出蹲踞式优于抓台式的趋势.我国游泳运动员中,采用蹲踞式出发技术的男运动员比例占多数,而女子运动员则绝大部分采用抓台式出发技术,建议游泳运动员应采用蹲踞式出发技术. 相似文献
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研究结果表明蹲踞式的优点在于由于增大身体的投影面积和降低重心,使稳定性比抓台式和摆臂式更好,使运动员可以增大前倾的程度,比前抓台式和摆臂式离台快和入水快。1975年爱尔伦等人(IsraelAyalon,Van Cheluwe and Kanitz)研究结果是在运动员从出发至5米处时蹲踞式比抓台式和摆 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2014,(4):500-504
研究抓住世界游泳发展动态,选取16名一级大学生游泳运动员对新型游泳出发起跳器上蹲踞式出发技术开展运动特征研究。结果表明:游泳出发起跳器的使用,能够提高后摆蹲踞式技术的离台速度;但腾空高度低,水下滑行效果不好,在出发起跳器上不适宜采用后摆蹲踞式出发技术。 相似文献
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Ricardo Peterson Silveira Pro Stergiou Pedro Figueiredo Flávio de S. Castro Larry Katz Darren J. Stefanyshyn 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1317-1326
The aim of this study was to determine the biomechanical parameters that explain ventral start performance in swimming. For this purpose, 13 elite swimmers performed different variants of the ventral start technique. Two-dimensional video analyses of the aerial and underwater phases were used to assess 16 kinematic parameters from the starting signal to 5?m, and an instrumented starting block was used to assess kinetic data. A Lasso regression was used to reduce the number of parameters, providing the main determinants to starting performance, revealing different combinations of key determinants, depending on the variant (r²?≥?0.90), with flight distance being the most relevant to all variants (r?≤??0.80; p?r?=??0.79; p?r?≤?0.61; p?r²?=?0.66) or block time and flight distance (r²?=?0.83). These data provide relevant contributions to the further understanding of the biomechanics of swimming starts as well as insights for performance analysis and targeted interventions to improve athlete performance. 相似文献
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Blanksby B Nicholson L Elliott B 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2002,1(1):11-24
This study examined the grab, track and handle swimming racing starts by elitelevel swimmers. Videography was used to analyse these starts before and after a period of dive start practice. Participants underwent 2-4 sessions weekly until 14 +/- 2 practice sessions were completed. Practice sessions comprised 5 grab starts (preferred technique) and 10 handle starts; or 5 grab starts and 10 track starts. The performance criterion measure was time to 10 m. Reaction, movement, block and flight times, flight distance, and the centre of mass at the set position were measured. No significant differences between dive groups in time to 10 m were revealed pre- or post-training. The training period further exaggerated the differences in centre of mass positions in the set position between the three techniques. The handle start revealed a significant change forward in the centre of mass that allowed for decreased movement and block times. The training period improved 10 m, reaction, movement, block and flight times irrespective of the technique used. Hence, regular dive start practice significantly improved the start performances of elite swimmers. Coaches should consider including regular dive practice sessions of approximately 15 minutes to improve dive start performances. 相似文献
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第14届世界游泳锦标赛出发技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用现场研究、文献调查等方法对竞技游泳2种主要的出发技术进行研究。对第14届世界游泳锦标赛决赛运动员224人次的出发技术的分布比例进行了统计,对出发反应时(start reaction,SR)、出发15 m时间(start efficiency,SE)、800 m以下项目的成绩(Score,SC)等指标进行分析研究,同时梳理了近年来有关出发技术的研究文献数据。研究表明,蹲踞式出发技术(track start,TS)从10余年前不到40%的采用率增长到了2011年世界游泳锦标赛上的98%。蹲踞式出发技术在SR和SE上均比抓台式(grab start,GS)有优势。研究认为,抓台式技术将成为历史,所有运动员应掌握带有助推器的新型出发台的蹲踞式出发技术。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):687-695
AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between different variables measured with a force plate during the swimming start push-off phase and start performance presented by times to 5, 10 and 15?m. Twenty-one women from the Slovenian national swimming team performed two different swim starts (freestyle and undulatory) on a portable force plate to a distance further than 15?m. Correlations between push-off variables and times to 5, 10 and 15?m were quantified through Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (r). The variables that significantly correlated (p?<?.05) to all times measured in the two starts performed were: average horizontal acceleration (freestyle: r?=??0.58 to ?0.71; and undulatory: r?=??0.55 to ?0.66), horizontal take-off velocity (freestyle: r?=??0.56 to ?0.69; and undulatory: r?=??0.53 to ?0.67) and resultant take-off velocity (freestyle: r?=??0.53 to ?0.65; and undulatory: r?=??0.52 to ?0.61). None of the variables derived from the vertical force were correlated to swimming start performance (p?>?.05). Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that horizontal take-off velocity and average horizontal acceleration (calculated as the average horizontal force divided by swimmer's body mass) are the variables most related to swimming start performance in experienced swimmers, and therefore could be the preferred measures to monitor swimmers’ efficiency during the push-off phase. 相似文献
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Sebastian Fischer Armin Kibele 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(4):397-408
The aim of this study was to analyse the significance of various biomechanical parameters in swim start performance for the grab and track start techniques. To do so, structural equation models were analysed, incorporating measurements for the take-off phase, flight phase and entry phase. Forty-six elite German swimmers (18 female and 28 male; age: 20.1 ± 4.2 yrs; PB (100 m Freestyle): 53.6 ± 2.9 s) participated in the study. Their swim start performance was examined within a 25-m sprint test. Structural equation modelling was conducted in separate models for the block time, flight time and water time and in a combined model for swim start time. Our main finding was that swim start time is predominantly related to water time and determined to a lesser extent by block time and flight time. We conclude that more emphasis should be given to the water immersion behaviour and the gliding phase when analysing swim start performance. Furthermore, significant differences were found between the grab start and track techniques as regards the biomechanical parameters representing the take-off phase and water phase. 相似文献
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Welcher RL Hinrichs RN George TR 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2008,7(1):100-113
The aim of this study was to compare three competitive swimming starts (grab, rear-weighted track, and front-weighted track). The starts were compared in terms of time and instantaneous horizontal velocity, both at take-off from the block and at 5 m from the wall. Twenty US college female swimmers performed three trials of each of the three randomly ordered starts. Swimmers left the block significantly sooner using the front-weighted track start (0.80 s) than the other two starts (both 0.87 s; P < 0.001). In the rear-weighted track start, however, the athletes left the blocks with significantly higher horizontal velocity than in the grab or front-weighted track start (3.99 vs. 3.87 and 3.90 m/s, respectively; each P < 0.001). By 5 m, the front-weighted track start maintained its time advantage over the grab start (2.19 vs. 2.24s; P = 0.008) but not the rear-weighted track start (2.19 vs. 2.21 s; P = 0.336). However, the rear-weighted track start had a significant advantage over the front-weighted track start in terms of instantaneous horizontal velocity at 5 m (2.25 vs. 2.18 m/s; P = 0.009). Therefore, the rear-weighted track start had a better combination of time and velocity than the front-weighted track start. There was also a trend for the rear-weighted track start to have higher velocity at 5 m than the grab start, although this did not reach statistical significance (2.25 vs. 2.20 m/s; P = 0.042). Overall, these results favour the rear-weighted track start for female swimmers even though most of the athletes had little or no prior experience with it. Additional research is needed to determine whether males would respond similarly to females in these three different swimming starts. 相似文献
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两种游泳出发技术的运动学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究对游泳出发技术的部分运动学参数进行了研究．并对抓台式和蹲距式出发技术进行了比较，得出运动员采用两种出发技术均能创造好成绩．但蹲距式易创造大的水平速度值等结论． 相似文献
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通过录像和测力台同步的方法，对5名受试者进行不同蹬地角形式的立定跳远测试，运用录像解析系统和三维测力平台的软件（V5.2）获得运动学和动力学数据，并对所得数据进行灰理论分析。结果显示：（1）起跳时的水平速度和垂直速度随着蹬地角的增大而减小。（2）在LPA下，髋、膝、踝3关节的角度相比其他两种方式（PA、HPA）较小，使得人体蹬离地面向前摆动总体的转动惯量减小，从而增大了向前的转动角速度。（3）无论是蹬伸冲量还是踏跳冲量在立定跳远中都可以评价踏跳效果，由于LPA下蹬伸阶段的平均力值比较小，肌肉收缩速度比较快，机械效率比较高，再加上蹬伸冲量比较大，因此踏跳效果好。（4）影响立定跳远成绩的关联度为蹬伸阶段的平均力值〉蹬伸时间〉蹬地角〉起跳垂直速度〉蹬伸冲量〉起跳水平速度。 相似文献
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目的:通过分析我国优秀男子跳台滑雪运动员实地起跳阶段运动学、起跳运动模式等指标,探究影响我国男子跳台滑雪运动员飞行距离的主要起跳因素。方法:1)选择8名我国男子跳台滑雪运动员作为研究对象,在日本长野县白马村K90跳台训练基地采集3次起跳阶段二维运动学数据,采用广义估计模型(GEE)分析影响飞行距离的实地起跳阶段运动学因素。2)截取平昌冬奥会排名前10的男子跳台滑雪选手决赛起跳阶段视频数据,采用单因素方差分析研究国内外运动员起跳阶段特定时刻肢体角度差异。3)实验室内使用1台Z camera高速摄像机和1块Kistler 9281EA测力台采集运动员静蹲跳(squat jump,SJ)、反向跳(countermovement jump,CMJ)、模拟跳跃(imitation jump,IJ)、下落跳(drop jump,DJ)的动力学及运动学数据,采用Pearson相关分析检验实验室内运动学及动力学指标与飞行距离间的相关性。结果:1)在实地起跳阶段运动学方面,起跳起始时刻躯干与助滑道夹角、小腿与助滑道夹角、髋关节角、膝关节角,以及起跳阶段的髋关节峰值角速度、膝关节平均角速度、起跳结束时刻膝关节角及髋关节角为飞行距离的影响因素(P<0.05)。2)在起跳阶段运动模式及力量特点方面,IJ重心最低处膝外翻指数(r=0.731)、DJ膝外翻最小值(r=0.713)、CMJ起跳阶段地面反作用力峰值(r=0.710)、CMJ蹬伸冲量(r=0.752)、SJ(r=0.723)及CMJ起跳峰值功率(r=0.762)均与飞行距离呈正相关。3)对比国内外运动员起跳阶段特定时刻肢体角度发现,国外优秀运动员起跳起始时刻小腿与助滑道夹角(53.54°±3.14°)显著小于我国运动员(57.62°±4.62°),出台瞬间小腿与助滑道夹角(58.22°±2.13°)显著小于我国运动员(65.59°±3.84°),大腿与助滑道夹角(73.28°±6.15°)显著大于我国运动员(58.77°±3.16°),起跳阶段结束时刻髋关节角度(175.23°±1.96°)显著大于我国运动员(156.37°±13.13°)。结论:我国跳台滑雪运动员起跳阶段起跳起始时刻应尽量降低身体重心以减少阻力,并适当提高膝关节角来提高出台后肢体伸展程度。起跳过程中提高膝关节蹬伸力量,同时适当降低髋关节伸展速度,避免风阻对躯干造成不利影响。室内及实地训练过程中,应在提升蹬伸爆发力的同时避免膝关节过度外翻,提高蹬伸力量及传递效率。 相似文献