共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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樊贤进 《天津体育学院学报》2013,28(5):456-460
目的：研究离心运动前使用全身振动训练对 DOMS 预防的影响。方法：随机对照研究,30 名专业散打运动员随机分为全身振动训练组（n=15）和对照组（n=15）。受试者：优势腿膝伸肌在功率计上完成 6 组 10 次最大等速（60 °/s）离心收缩。全身振动训练组,受试者在振动平台上进行训练,25Hz,5 mm 峰值,离心运动前膝关节 100°屈曲 60 s。对照组不进行振动训练。结果：记录运动后第 1、2、3、4、7 和 14 天的肌肉酸痛、大腿围、压痛阈,测量血清肌酸激酶的基础值和运动后第 1、2、7 天的值。与对照组相比,肌酸激酶水平较低,压痛阈和肌肉酸痛较低,DOMS 症（不顺通）状减轻（P<0.05）,但是对大腿围没有明显的影响。结论：离心运动前,全身振动训练可能通过改善肌肉功能而降低 DOMS,还需要进一步研究以确定全身振动训练组降低运动员 DOMS 的作用。 相似文献
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骨骼肌伤后训练对其收缩力与松弛特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
82只雄性SD大鼠为实验对象，对其小腿三头肌急性拉伤。随机分为自然修复组（实验对照EC）、牵张训练组（PT）、静力训练组（ST）和跑动训练组（MT）、分别于恢复期不同的时间测试腓肠肌的等长收缩力和应力松弛特性。结果发现：在体肌肉中，轻度拉伤早期收缩力的较大幅度的变化，炎性反应是其主要的影响因素，拉伤早期的收缩力恢复与其结构性修复存在着时程上的差异，这种时程方面的差异是肌肉重复损伤的重要原因，肌肉拉伤早期进行牵张训练，对肌肉的功能恢复产生负面影响，拉伤后期的牵张训练，对肌肉的功能性恢复与提高产生重要作用，大强度的跑动训练并没表现出训练效应累积。肌肉伤后静力训练对收缩力及松弛特性的恢复有着积极影响，大运动量的静力训练导致伤肌的功能性消退。 相似文献
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应用TMG无创肌肉状态测试仪对静力性牵拉放松和Power Plate振动放松这两种不同的肌肉放松方法放松肌肉后其肌肉兴奋状态进行对比研究。实验对象为12名健康男性大学生,在肌肉重复疲劳后,即时使用TMG肌肉状态测试仪诱发肌肉自主收缩,测试肌肉对电刺激的反应时间和肌腹最大径向位移,在3分钟的放松后再次测试,采用多次实验和自身对照,量化地评价和对比两种肌肉放松方法的即时效果。结果表明采用静力性牵拉放松对疲劳肌肉的径向位移的恢复有更显著效果,对于肌肉反应时间的恢复,两种方法没有显著性差异。建议在大众健身和较低水平训练中普及静力性牵拉放松。 相似文献
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《湖北体育科技》2019,(12):1075-1079
目的通过Tensio-Myo-Graphy(TMG)无创肌肉状态测量技术来测量骨骼肌运动后的兴奋状态变化以及兴奋维持时间,为今后准备活动的选择提供实验依据。方法 24名普通大学生作为受试者进行两种不同类型不同时长准备活动。测量两种不同种类不同时长的准备活动:5min和10min慢跑、3min和6min动态牵拉对下肢肌肉的兴奋状态的影响。通过TMG记录肌肉的收缩时间(Tc)、放松时间(Tr)、反应时间(Td)、持续收缩时间(Ts)和最大径向位移(Dm)等指标。结果 4种准备活动均对肌肉的测试指标产生了影响(p<0.05),但不同时长对肌肉状态的影响无明显差异(p>0.05);动态牵拉和慢跑对肌肉的上述指标均产生影响(p<0.05),但两种准备活动产生的影响并无明显差异(p>0.05)。结论通过慢跑和动态牵拉,肌肉兴奋性都得以提高,但是两种时长的同种准备活动对腓肠肌、股二头肌、股四头肌的肌肉状态的影响无明显差异,慢跑和动态牵拉各自对肌肉状态产生的影响并无优劣之分,所以在选择准备活动时,可根据个人喜好以及环境因素选择相应的准备活动。 相似文献
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目的:观察阻力训练和超等长阻力训练后下肢肌肉力量变化,比较肌肉激活模式的不同.方法:将16名男性篮球运动员随机分成两组,分别实施8周下肢阻力训练和超等长阻力训练.采用3-D测力台测试训练前、后最大随意收缩值,用表面肌电记录训练前、后6次重复训练动作的胫骨前肌、腓肠肌外侧头、股直肌、股外侧肌、股二头肌的激活信号,计算积分肌电值和髋、膝、踝关节周围拮抗肌共激活.结果:两组下肢肌肉力量均显著提高,阻力训练组效果较明显.超等长阻力训练组肌肉活性显著高于阻力训练组.训练后超等长阻力训练组肌肉活性出现适应性变化,髋、踝关节拮抗肌共激活显著升高,膝关节拮抗肌共激活训练前、后没有显著性差异.阻力训练组训练前、后肌肉活性及拮抗肌共激活没有显著变化.结论:超等长阻力训练有助于提高肌肉间协调性,可以优化肌肉动作的运动策略. 相似文献
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目的：比较在赛前训练阶段采用加压训练结合SIT训练与单独SIT训练对公路自行车运动员运动能力的影响。方法：将12名云南省女子公路自行车运动员随机分为两组，在训练前后分别进行身体成分测试、递增负荷测试和Wingate无氧功测试。结果：（1）两组运动员训练前后体重、肌肉量无明显变化，加压组体脂率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05），对照组骨骼肌含量较训练前有显著差异（P＜0.05）；（2）训练后加压组最大摄氧量相对值、无氧阈心率 、最大心率与每搏输出量较训练前差异非常显著（P＜0.01），最大有氧输出功率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05），对照组各指标的变化趋势与加压组相似，但增长幅度较加压组小，无氧阈心率、最大心率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05），每搏输出量较训练前差异呈非常显著性（P＜0.01），两组运动员VE均较训练前有所下降；（3）训练后加压组峰值功率、相对峰值功率、平均功率、相对平均功率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05）；对照组峰值功率与相对峰值功率较训练前差异呈显著性（P＜0.05）；平均功率与相对平均功率较训练前稍有下降。结论：（1）赛前3周加压训练结合SIT训练和单纯SIT训练均可引起机体蛋白质分解代谢和降解加速，而导致骨骼肌含量下降；（2）赛前加压训练结合SIT训练和单纯SIT训练均可有效提高公路自行车运动员的有氧运动能力，且加压训练结合SIT训练较单纯SIT训练的增长幅度更明显，训练效果更佳；（3）赛前加压训练结合SIT训练可有效提升公路自行车运动员爆发力水平和无氧耐力水平。 相似文献
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为研究高原训练中补充乳清蛋白的作用。以国家皮划艇队优秀队员为研究对象,实验周期为高原训练5周与返回平原训练2周,运动训练的量与强度合理,实验周期共7周,将运动员分成两组,实验组每天晚上服用50g80%乳清蛋白,对照组服用等热量碳水合化物,并进行围度、睾酮、雌二醇测试。结果表明实验组上臂紧张围出现显著性增加（0.9cm）。睾酮水平在高原训练前无显著性差异,随着高原训练的刺激,对照组一直比实验组要低10%以上,且有显著差异。结论,乳清蛋白的补充能增加划艇拉桨手上臂的肌肉收缩围度,促进肌肉的合成,维持与促进了血清睾酮的水平。 相似文献
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目的：探讨振动杆训练对射箭运动员固势-撒放阶段稳定性的影响。方法：以26名射箭运动员为研究对象,随机分为实验组（振动杆）和对照组,每组13名。对照组只进行常规射箭力量训练,实验组在常规射箭力量训练的基础上再进行振动杆训练（每次训练30 min,每周3次,共8周）,所有运动员在训练前及训练8周后分别测试积分肌电值（iEMG）、12支箭固势-撒放时间、黄心命中率等指标,并进行比较。结果：训练8周后,仅实验组射箭运动员双侧肩关节的前锯肌、上斜方肌、中斜方肌、下斜方肌、菱形肌和肩胛下肌的iEMG、固势-撒放时间、黄心命中率,较训练前有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。组间比较时,实验组双侧肩关节的前锯肌、上斜方肌、中斜方肌、下斜方肌、菱形肌和肩胛下肌的iEMG和肌肉活性、固势-撒放时间、黄心命中率,与对照组比较均具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论：振动杆练习能显著提高肩胛骨主要稳定肌的激活水平,缩短固势-撒放时间以及提高黄心命中率,可作为射箭运动员体能训练的一种有效辅助手段。 相似文献
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目的：研究核心力量训练对青年女子篮球运动员投篮命中率的影响，旨在为提高女子篮球运动员的投篮命中率提供参考。方法：以16名青年女子篮球运动员为研究对象，随机分为对照组和实验组，每组8人，对照组进行常规体能训练，实验组在常规体能训练的基础上加入核心力量训练，共持续8周。对训练前后两组运动员的定点投篮、1min跳投和运球急停跳投进行测试。结果：实验前两组运动员投篮命中率各指标间均无显著性差异；实验后对照组投篮命中率各指标与实验前相比变化不大，均无显著性差异（P>0.05）；实验组实验后定点投篮命中率虽有一定程度提高，但与实验前相比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,1min跳投命中率与实验前相比有显著性提高（P<0.05），运球急停跳投与实验前相比提高幅度较大，且差异非常显著（P<0.01）；实验后实验组与对照组相比，定点投篮命中率无显著性差异（P>0.05）,1min跳投命中率差异显著（P<0.05），运球急停跳投具有非常显著性差异（P<0.01）。结论：核心力量训练对青年女子篮球运动员定点投篮命中率影响不大，但是对在不稳定状态下的1min跳投和运球急停... 相似文献
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Angel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas Jennifer Baltich Hendrik Enders Sandro Nigg Benno Nigg 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(9):803-810
Muscle weakness is considered a risk factor for ankle injury. Balance training and barefoot running have been used in an attempt to strengthen the muscles crossing the ankle. It is expected that training tasks that successfully strengthen the ankle would elicit increased muscular activity. However, it is unknown how an individual's ankle strength will influence the muscle activity used during a given task. Twenty-six participants performed dynamic (shod, barefoot running) and static tasks (squat on ground, squat on ®Bosu Ball) believed to strengthen the muscles surrounding the ankle. Electromyographic signals of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were recorded and analysed using a non-linearly scaled wavelet analysis. Participants were divided into a strong group and a weak group according to their isometric plantar-flexion torque. The weak group required more relative GL and GM muscle activity during each training task compared to the strong group. No difference was observed between shod and barefoot running. There was a significant effect of training task on muscle activation level for the weak group. Differences in ankle strength had a significant impact on muscle activation. 相似文献
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目的:探究自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员在不同支撑模式下静态站立平衡任务中大脑对下肢肌肉的控制机制。方法:以17名国家自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员为测试对象,分别采集运动员在软、硬支撑平面上单腿静态站立平衡过程的脑电、下肢股内侧肌(vastus medialis,VM)、腓肠肌外侧头(gastrocnemius lateralis,GL)、胫骨前肌(tibialis anterior,TA)的肌电信号,同时记录受试者站立平衡过程中身体压力中心(center of pressure,COP)的变化。要求受试者分别进行30 s睁眼的左、右单腿站立平衡。对其站立平衡过程中COP、下肢肌肉的肌电信号、脑电(β波段和γ波段)与肌电信号之间的相干(corticomuscular coherence,CMC)进行分析。结果:1)受试者在睁眼单腿站立平衡过程中,在软支撑面上站立平衡时,COP位移在X轴和Y轴方向的变异程度均显著高于硬支撑面(P<0.001);2)受试者在软支撑面站立平衡时,下肢3块肌肉肌电幅值显著增加(P<0.05);3)对于CMC来说,在软支撑面上维持站立平衡时,β波对应的GL的CMC显著高于硬支撑条件(P<0.05),γ波段CMC显著高于β波段CMC(P<0.01)。结论:自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动员能在难度较大的软支撑面上完成站立平衡任务,但与硬支撑面上站立平衡相比,其身体稳定性差;为了补偿在高难度平衡控制中的平衡能力,大脑中枢加强了对下肢肌肉的神经冲动,大脑感觉运动皮质区加强了对下肢腓肠肌和胫骨前肌的神经调控;在平衡控制过程中γ波段CMC与β波段CMC表现出不同的支配特征,这可能与不同支撑模式下平衡控制过程中本体感觉输入、下肢肌肉的工作性质以及注意力有关。 相似文献
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Angel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas José Ignacio Priego Quesada José Vicente Giménez Inma Aparicio Irene Jimenez-Perez Pedro Pérez-Soriano 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1145-1152
Runners tend to shift from a rearfoot to a forefoot strike pattern when running barefoot. However, it is unclear how the first attempts at running barefoot affect habitually rearfoot shod runners. Due to the inconsistency of their recently adopted barefoot technique, a number of new barefoot-related running injuries are emerging among novice barefoot runners. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the influence of three running conditions (natural barefoot [BF], barefoot with a forced rearfoot strike [BRS], and shod [SH]) on muscle activity and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners. Twenty-two participants ran at 60% of their maximal aerobic speed while foot strike, tibial and head impact accelerations, and tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle activity were registered. Only 68% of the runners adopted a non-rearfoot strike pattern during BF. Running BF led to a reduction of TA activity as well as to an increase of GL and GM activity compared to BRS and SH. Furthermore, BRS increased tibial peak acceleration, tibial magnitude and tibial acceleration rate compared to SH and BF. In conclusion, 32% of our runners showed a rearfoot strike pattern at the first attempts at running barefoot, which corresponds to a running style (BRS) that led to increased muscle activation and impact accelerations and thereby to a potentially higher risk of injury compared to running shod. 相似文献
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Esar Shvartz 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):351-354
Abstract Seventeen subjects were used to determine the effect of gymnastic training on orthostatic efficiency. The experimental group included 10 subjects that practiced on heavy apparatus for 3 months. The control group included 7 subjects that practiced volleyball for the same length of time. Circulatory adjustments to gravity were measured by heart rate and blood pressure differences between lying and standing positions. The results showed that the gymnastic group improved its orthostatic efficiency through a rise in systolic pressure and a smaller decrease of the pulse pressure upon standing, with no significant changes shown by the control group. 相似文献
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目的研究择时营养补充对中长跑运动员运动能力及部分血生化指标的影响。方法 16名大学男子中长跑运动员随机分为择时营养补充实验组和安慰剂对照组,实验组每天早7:00时口服温阳中药,晚8:30口服滋阴中药,并在运动前、运动中和运动后2 h补充"糖+大豆肽饮料"(糖与肽的质量比为4:1),并进行6周的运动训练。对照组在相同时间内口服外观相同内含淀粉的胶囊和补充等量纯净水,并执行相同训练计划。结果:发现实验组自身比较PWC170、Pmax、600 m跑和立定三级跳成绩显著提高,100 m跨跳步数明显减少。与对照组比较,实验组在9:00～11:00、16:00～18:00时间段Pmax显著增加;100 m跨跳步数和600 m跑用时显著减少,立定三级跳成绩显著提高。实验后实验组T峰值和中值比对照组显著增加,C峰值和中值显著减低,T/C峰值和中值显著增高69.31%(P<0.05)和61.38%(P<0.05),CK峰值和中值显著降低37.8%。结论:择时营养显著提升大学生中长跑运动员血清睾酮水平、促进运动疲劳的消除和体能的恢复,维护大强度运动后骨骼肌微结构的恢复。 相似文献
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To compare the effectiveness of training in heat and in sweat clothing in cool conditions on improving heat tolerance, two groups of active subjects (n = 6 in each) performed an interval running heat-tolerance test before and after a 7-day experimental treatment. On each treatment day the subjects attempted to complete 4 x 15 min interval treadmill running periods (a 7.5 s effort every 30 s, on 15 km h-1, 15% grade; the same exercise format as the heat-tolerance test), which were interspersed with 5-min recovery periods (total time each day = 80 min). Group 1 (heat) ran in shorts, socks and shoes in hot humid conditions, and Group 2 (sweat clothing) ran in cool conditions dressed in shorts, socks and T-shirt covered by a polyester-cotton tracksuit, over which was worn 100% nylon spray-proof pants and jacket (cotton lined) with an acrylic cloth bobble hat (beanie) on the head. Both groups displayed changes typical of heat acclimatization over the 7-day period, with significant decreases in final rectal temperature (Tr) and heart rate (HR) being evident, but no change in sweat loss. Mean skin temperature (Tsk) was similar in both groups during the training sessions (heat group: 34.8-35.7 degrees C; sweat clothing group 34.9-35.5 degrees C). After the heat-tolerance test, both groups had significantly lower Tr, Tsk and HR values than before, and sweating sensitivity (g m-2 h-1 degrees C rise in Tr) was significantly increased. There was only one significant difference between the two groups (Tsk, 20th min value). It was concluded that training in sweat clothing in cool conditions can provide the same improvements in heat tolerance as training in hot humid conditions where a fixed exercise intensity and duration are used. 相似文献
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Moir G Sanders R Button C Glaister M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(3):285-300
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of periodized resistance training on accelerative sprint performance. Sixteen physically active men participated in a randomized controlled study. An experimental group (n = 10) completed an 8-week periodized resistance training intervention, while a control group (n = 6) did not train. Pre- and post-training measures of 20-m straight-line sprint time, including a 10-m split, maximum strength, and explosive strength, were recorded. Flight time, stance time, stride length, and stride frequency were quantified from digitized video recordings of the first three strides of the 20-m sprint. Resistance training resulted in significant increases in maximum strength (parallel back squat: 19%) and explosive strength (6-10%). However, both groups increased 0-10 m sprint times (experimental group = 6%; control group = 3%) while 10-20m times were reduced (experimental group = 7%; control group = 4%), highlighting the mechanical differences between the distinct sprint phases. The change during the 0-10m interval was accompanied by a reduction in stride frequency during the first three strides. Strength coaches should be aware that the potential benefits of increased muscular strength during short sprints are likely to be affected by mechanical specificity and that improvements in sprinting performance may not occur immediately after a period of resistance training. 相似文献
19.
目的:通过对男大学生小腿三头肌在递增负重提踵和蹲跳动作时表面肌电(sEMG)信号的分析,探讨动作形式与神经肌肉活动方式之间的联系。方法:男大学生在不负重和30%、60%、80%、100%最大力量(1RM)负重下分别进行一次提踵和蹲跳动作,同时记录腓肠肌内侧头(GM)、外侧头(GL)和比目鱼肌(SO)向心收缩阶段的sEMG信号,比较各等级负重条件下两种动作运动时iEMG、MF和MPF等肌电指标的变化。结果:在进行负重提踵时,随着重量增加,GM、GL和SO表面肌电的iEMG均显著增加,但MF和MPF在不同负重等级完成动作时的差异不显著;在进行负重蹲跳时,各肌肉表面肌电信号的iEMG、MF和MPF在各级负重之间具有显著差异,其数值与重量的增加具有线性关系;在不负重提踵时各肌肉的iEMG值与蹲跳差异不显著,但大负重后显著高于蹲跳;MF和MPF值在不负重提踵时显著高于蹲跳,负重后其差异基本不显著。结论:在递增负重提踵和蹲跳动作时,小腿三头肌向心收缩阶段的sEMG信号表现存在差异,其所反映的神经肌肉控制方式不同,提示所完成动作的动力学特性如速度、多关节链等,可能会影响运动单位募集的方式。 相似文献