共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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射箭是以命中环数为比赛目的技能主导类表现准确性项目。在技术中,撒放技术是最重要的一个环节,它是整个射箭技术的精髓,撒放动作的正确与否直接影响着命中率。本文以专家访谈、问卷调查、实地观察为主要研究方法,通过对64名国家射箭优秀运动员的注意方式、撒放时机和勾弦方式等几个方面进行调查,并分析了撒放技术中几个主要要素指标与成绩的关系,最后得出以下结论：（1）轻松、稳固的勾弦;适宜的撒放时机,是创造良好成绩的重要因素;（2）在无意识状态下完成撒放动作,能减少心理的干扰;（3）自然快捷的脱弦,一般拉弓靠位到撒放在三秒左右最佳。 相似文献
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射箭运动员在撒放箭的过程中,必须在开弓、固势的同时,做好瞄准的动作。瞄准时心理活动指向箭靶上的黄色靶心,使心理活动有一定的方向,这是射箭过程中运动员的注意的第一阶段,也是注意的初级阶段;继而注意集 相似文献
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以临床疾病创伤性肩关节前方不稳（Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability,TASI）者为研究对象,通过研究患肩周围肌肉表面肌电活动与正常肩关节在不同功能性动作中比较来探寻TASI肩周肌肉活动募集的大致特征,为TASI患者选择治疗方案提供理论依据。方法：选取东方医院运动医学科就诊的TASI运动员患者和正常运动员肩关节（CON）对照。肌肉活动采用德国Biovision 16导联肌电图仪进行表面肌电信号采集,执行肩胛平面外展、前屈、后伸,0°和45°外展时内外旋,评价肌肉活动特征。结果：TASI和CON相比,TASI肩周肌肉具有以下特征,胸大肌在中立位内旋活动下降明显,三角肌前束在肩胛平面外展的后半部分范围和前屈的前半部分范围中明显下降,三角肌中束活动在前屈的中间范围活动下降,冈上肌活动在外展起始范围有增加的趋势,其余大多数运动范围均呈现下降趋势。肱二头肌活动在前屈和外旋运动中增加。冈下肌活动性在外旋时下降。前锯肌活动在前屈的后范围活动、内外旋运动中是下降的。结论：（1）增加了TASI发病机制的理解,补充了TASI康复训练和治疗选择依据的基本数据库。（2）TASI肩外展肌群、外旋肌群的工作能力下降,内外旋肌群存在失衡现象,外旋肌群的工作能力下降较明显。（3）TASI肩非手术治疗时可适当考虑前方动力性稳定结构,应加强冈上肌、前锯肌以及外旋肌肉的活动性训练,适当加强三角肌前、中束和内旋肌群的训练。 相似文献
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《湖北体育科技》2020,(3):257-261
目的通过对山西省优秀射箭运动员的功能性动作筛查(FMS),揭示优秀射箭运动员的功能性动作特点,为射箭运动员损伤的预防和成绩的提高提供数据和理论支持。方法在2019年中华人民共和国第二届青年运动会前对正处于集训期的16名山西省射箭队运动员进行功能性动作筛查。结果 1)山西省射箭队运动员的FMS测试平均分为16.44分,最高分为21分,最低分仅为13分;2)肩关节灵活性测试得分最高,主动直腿上抬和旋转稳定性测试得分最低,有11人出现了左、右不对称情况;3)不同运动等级的射箭运动员中,跨栏步测试结果有显著性差异;不同性别和训练年限的优秀射箭运动员之间的FMS测试结果均无显著性差异。结论优秀射箭运动员的肩关节灵活性、躯干核心区和肩胛部的稳定性水平较高,髋关节的灵活性、腘绳肌和比目鱼肌的柔韧性较差,身体两侧的肌肉力量有差异,且两侧髋关节的稳定性不对称。 相似文献
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目的：研究核心力量训练对青年女子篮球运动员投篮命中率的影响，旨在为提高女子篮球运动员的投篮命中率提供参考。方法：以16名青年女子篮球运动员为研究对象，随机分为对照组和实验组，每组8人，对照组进行常规体能训练，实验组在常规体能训练的基础上加入核心力量训练，共持续8周。对训练前后两组运动员的定点投篮、1min跳投和运球急停跳投进行测试。结果：实验前两组运动员投篮命中率各指标间均无显著性差异；实验后对照组投篮命中率各指标与实验前相比变化不大，均无显著性差异（P>0.05）；实验组实验后定点投篮命中率虽有一定程度提高，但与实验前相比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,1min跳投命中率与实验前相比有显著性提高（P<0.05），运球急停跳投与实验前相比提高幅度较大，且差异非常显著（P<0.01）；实验后实验组与对照组相比，定点投篮命中率无显著性差异（P>0.05）,1min跳投命中率差异显著（P<0.05），运球急停跳投具有非常显著性差异（P<0.01）。结论：核心力量训练对青年女子篮球运动员定点投篮命中率影响不大，但是对在不稳定状态下的1min跳投和运球急停... 相似文献
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目的:研究前锯肌的力量训练对散打运动员出拳力量的影响。方法:通过以12名散打运动员为实验对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,分别采用传统的力量训练和传统的力量与前锯肌力量结合训练的方式进行8周的实验研究并对其力量训练进行监控,以及运用生物力学等方法对出拳力量进行分析,对实验前后结果进行对比分析。结果:对照组的训练效果呈显著差异(P<0.05),而实验组的训练效果呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:增强前锯肌的力量训练对运动员的出拳力量有重要的影响。此实验为散打运动员的出拳力量训练提供参考依据。 相似文献
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射箭技术评价指标的综合研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
方法:运用Qualisisy红外光点测试系统、Footscan足底压力测试系统、Noraxon肌电遥测系统等对国家队射箭队运动员进行测试,对运动员的射箭动作技术进行分析。结论:1)姿态角、肌肉用力激活程度、举弓阶段主要用力肌肉激活顺序、举弓、开弓时间等的一致性可作为射箭技术评价指标;2)各动作阶段所用时间的长短不能作为技术评价指标,但开举弓时间比与中国国家队射箭成绩正相关;3)基础平衡的足底压力中心指标可作为身体素质、选材及成绩预测的参考依据;4)射箭运动员实射时身体在前、后方向上的稳定性较差,主要与腹背肌力量的不均衡及没有专业运动鞋有关;5)运动学及肌电学都表明,中国射箭训练对举弓、开弓阶段的重视不够,背部肌肉用力特征不明显,撒放技术合理性不高。建议:1)快节奏只是个别运动员的特点,不能因为团体比赛时限缩短而过多强调快节奏。2)采用振动法或不稳定支撑面的力量训练方法进行力量训练。因为这两种训练方法不仅可增加肌肉力量,而且可使神经肌肉的协调性、本体感受器得到训练,从而增强对射箭动作的感觉能力;3)为射箭运动员定制或选择有防滑块鞋底、前后上翘程度符合运动员脚型特点的射箭专用鞋。 相似文献
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<正> 一、游泳运动员常见的损伤及其治疗的方法本文综述有关在竞技游泳项目中运动损伤的文献表明,肩关节疼痛是游泳运动员最常见的骨胳肌损伤。这通常是由于在喙肩弓下重复性撞击而引起同上肌或二头肌腱炎的结果。其保守疗法包括交替游泳技术动作和政变训练计划,进行柔韧性练习和力量训练以及采取局部抗炎性的措施。一般来说,肌肉训练的内容有伸展前肌和加强外回旋肌和肩胛旋肌的力量训练。只是最近才发现的肩关节疼痛的另一种有可能的原因是肩关节的不稳定性,加强肩胛带肌力量的平衡发展则是有效的疗法。游泳运动员另一种常见的疾病就是“蛙泳运动员的膝”,通常包括胫骨侧韧带发炎。改 相似文献
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J P Clarys J Cabri E Bollens R Sleeckx J Taeymans M Vermeiren G Van Reeth G Voss 《Journal of sports sciences》1990,8(3):235-257
The quadruple approach in the title refers to four different studies over a period of 3 years. The common factor in these studies is the methodology of the (Brussels) Electromyographic Signal Processing and Analysis System (ESPAS), a hardware and software EMG data acquisition system that has constantly been improved. Therefore, the ESPAS methodology is described extensively (i.e. the electrodes, amplifier, tape-recorder and processing hardware). Experiment 1 investigated muscular behaviour in target shooting, both indoors (18 and 25 m) and outdoors (50, 70 and 90 m). It was found (via iEMG) that a significant increase in activity only exists between 25 and 50 m, and that there is no linear increase of activity with increased distance. No differences in muscular pattern (IDANCO system: Clarys and Cabri, 1988) or activity between the indoor distances and between the outdoor distances were found. Experiment 2 investigated the muscular economy of four string grips: the three-finger grip, two-finger grip, thumb grip and reversed grip. The largest variations in activity were found for the two most unfamiliar grips, i.e. the thumb and reversed grips; however, low iEMG and the rapid precision improvement (over a limited number of shots) suggest that the thumb grip, if practised long enough, might be the most economical technique. Experiment 3 attempted to differentiate muscular activity and a number of performance variables in three different populations of archers--Olympic athletes, National competitors and beginners--in order to obtain feedback regarding improved performance. Apparently, overall muscle pattern, intensities and arrow speed were not discriminatory. The differences found between the groups (or levels of skill) were affected by the ability to reproduce identical patterns and arrow velocities in consecutive shots and by the constancy of neuromuscular control of the M. trapezius, M. biceps brachii and M. extensor digitorum. Finally, Experiment 4 investigated the muscular activity of elite archers shooting at distances of 70 and 90 m with and without stabilizers. Differences in iEMG were not supported by differences in precision. Over time, the low iEMG in shooting without stabilizers increases precision and delays fatigue. 相似文献
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探讨身体功能训练在我国优秀男子散打运动员的应用实践效果,采用随机对照实验设计对我国24名优秀男子散打运动员进行为期16周、每周3次、每次60 min的身体功能训练。结果显示:(1)在基本运动能力方面,实验组在平板支撑、仰卧脚撑瑞士球平板支撑、悬吊侧卧平板支撑(左和右两侧)、单腿站平衡垫、瑞士球静蹲、坐位体前屈7项指标上较对照组有非常显著性改善(P<0.01);(2)在一般运动能力方面,实验组在400 m跑、单足4级跳、立卧撑3项指标上较对照组有显著性提高(P<0.05),在Illinois跑、高翻、卧推、深蹲等4项指标上较对照组有非常显著性提升(P<0.01);(3)在专项运动能力方面,实验组在10 s冲拳、10 s侧踹2项指标上较对照组有显著性提高(P<0.05),在30 s变向击打靶、30 s夹背摔假人、单次鞭腿击打力量、10 s腿法击打力量、10 s拳腿组合击打力量5项指标上较对照组有非常显著性提升(P<0.01)。结果表明:优秀男子散打运动员实验组的身体功能训练方案相对于对照组传统力量训练方案,强化了运动员的核心稳定性,优化了动作模式,加强了核心力量及其传输效率,对发展散打运动员的身体功能效果更佳。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):183-190
Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of 1- and 3-week tapering periods on concentrations of plasma testosterone (T), cortisol (C), T/C ratio, mood state, and performance in elite male cyclists. After 8 weeks of progressive training, cyclists were randomly assigned to a control group (n=12) who continued performing intense training for a further 3 weeks, or a taper group (n=12) who continued with a 50% reduction in training volume. Blood testosterone and cortisol concentrations were assayed and the T/C ratio calculated from analysis obtained via standard ELISA. Mood state was determined using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. All data were collected immediately after a 40-km time-trial performed before, during, and after the 8-week training protocol and after the 1- and 3-week tapering/training periods. In the taper group, 40-km time-trial time decreased significantly (P<0.01) and equally for both the 1- and 3-week taper periods relative to the control group. There were significant elevations in T/C ratio (P<0.001) and reductions in cortisol concentrations and POMS scores in the taper group relative to the control groups at the end of both the 1- and 3-week tapering periods. Hence, taper periods are effective in improving performance and mood state and elevating the blood T/C ratio. 相似文献
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Daniel Tik-Pui Fong Kit-Yee Yam Vikki Wing-Shan Chu Roy Tsz-Hei Cheung Kai-Ming Chan 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):441-451
This study investigated the acute fatigue pattern in neuromuscular activity after a simulated Boccia game and the effect of fatigue pattern on sport performance. Nine elite Boccia athletes were tested before, during, and after a simulated game. Maximum ball speed was captured with video, and the target hitting rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) score were collected and analyzed. Electromyography signals from the upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and wrist extensor muscles were collected by surface electrode and were evaluated with mean power frequency (MPF). Only the upper trapezius muscle showed fatigue as demonstrated by a reduction of MPF of 8% (p = 0.027) when comparing the first and last throws in a simulated game. Subjective RPE score increased during the game (118%, p = 0.004), and sports performance in terms of maximum ball speed (-12%, p = 0.004) and target hitting rate (-25%, p = 0.004) also deteriorated. In conclusion, fatigue on the upper trapezius muscle was demonstrated in elite Boccia athletes following a prolonged Boccia game and may have affected Boccia performance. Preventative measures against upper trapezius muscle fatigue and endurance training for synergists of the upper trapezius muscle may be considered in future studies. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):764-772
AbstractDuring the repeated execution of the swimming strokes, the shoulder adductor and internal rotator muscles have a tendency to become proportionally stronger when compared to their antagonist group. This can lead to muscle imbalances. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a compensatory training programme on the strength and balance of shoulder rotator muscles in young swimmers. A randomized controlled trial design was used. Forty male swimmers took part in the study and were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n?=?20) and a training group (n?=?20). A control group (n?=?16) of young sedentary male students was also evaluated. The experimental group subjects participated in a 16-week shoulder-strength programme with Thera-Band® elastic bands; the training group was restricted to aquatic training. Peak torque of shoulder internal rotator and external rotator (ER) was measured at baseline and after 16 weeks. Concentric action at 1.04?rad?s?1 (3 reps) and 3.14?rad?s?1 (20 reps) was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. The strength-training programme led to an improvement of the ER strength and shoulder rotator balance in the experimental group (data from both shoulders at 1.04?rad?s?1). Moreover, concentric action at 3.14?rad?s?1 presented significant differences only for the dominant shoulder. Findings suggest that the prescribed shoulder-strengthening exercises could be a useful training option for young competitive swimmers. They can produce an increase in absolute strength values and greater muscle balance in shoulder rotators. 相似文献
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中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及活化T细胞数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的探讨2种中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和活化T细胞数量的作用,为改善耐力训练引起的细胞免疫功能低下寻找有效的干预措施。方法120只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,即耐力训练+黄芪多糖组、耐力训练+牛膝多糖组、单纯耐力训练组、安静+黄芪多糖组、安静+牛膝多糖组、安静对照组。每个组中均分为4 w组(7只大鼠)和6 w组(13只大鼠)。大鼠进行6 w递增负荷游泳训练后,采用流式细胞术观察大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及活化T细胞数量。结果①6 w耐力训练后可造成大鼠T细胞亚群中CD4+细胞数量及CD4+/CD8+比值下降,黄芪多糖和牛膝多糖有防止训练大鼠上述免疫指标下降的作用。②6 w耐力训练后可造成大鼠外周血活化T细胞数量的下降,黄芪多糖和牛膝多糖有防止训练大鼠外周血活化T细胞数量下降的作用。结论2种中药多糖有预防耐力训练大鼠外周血CD4+细胞数量及CD4+/CD8+比值和活化T淋巴细胞数量下降的作用。 相似文献
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目的:验证为期8周的增强式训练对男大学生的肌张力、身体素质的影响,为大学生身体素质的有效改善提供依据。方法:采用实验法与数理统计法,设立增强式训练组与抗阻训练组,组内实验前后用配对T检验、组间用独立样本T检验进行数据分析。结果:为期8周的增强式训练可以更显著提升大学生的爆发力、弹跳力、敏捷性和速度等身体素质,同时,肌张力的增幅也显著低于抗阻训练。结论:增强式训练是一种安全、便捷的训练方法,对提高大学生的身体素质提升的指向性作用更显著,并且运动的疼痛和损伤风险较低,将其融入大学生体育课堂教学具有很高的推广价值。 相似文献