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运动能促进身体组织和器官的有利改变,如运动调控骨骼肌的质量和力量变化。一方面,近期研究认为,细胞信号分子对骨骼肌卫星细胞的状态有决定性作用,如激活、增殖、分化、融合等促进骨骼肌重塑过程;另一方面,运动刺激骨骼肌中生长因子合成和分泌的变化,对骨骼肌细胞信号分子的传递与骨骼肌肥大密切相关。目前,国内外鲜有报道从运动和细胞信号分子交互作用探究运动促进骨骼肌肥大的机制。因此,研究试图对运动和多个细胞信号分子的交互作用进行综述,以期为人体复杂系统中骨骼肌肥大机制提供新的研究思路。 相似文献
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目前,世界人口老龄化现象愈加严重。Sarcopenia是一种随增龄而发生的病理现象,其主要征状表现在骨骼肌肌肉质量、体积以及肌肉力量下降。随增龄发生的肌纤维萎缩、骨骼肌蛋白合成减少、骨骼肌线粒体功能紊乱等都可能是导致老年个体发生sarcopenia的原因。此外,老年个体体内激素水平变化也可能是促成sarcopenia的原因。有研究表明,抗阻运动及激素替代疗法是延缓或削减sarcopenia发生的有效的方法。因此,深入研究了解衰老个体sarcopenia发生的分子进程对于寻求探索更新更好的sarcopenia治疗方法意义重大。 相似文献
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Strength and power athletes are primarily interested in enhancing power relative to body weight and thus almost all undertake some form of resistance training. While athletes may periodically attempt to promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy, key nutritional issues are broader than those pertinent to hypertrophy and include an appreciation of the sports supplement industry, the strategic timing of nutrient intake to maximize fuelling and recovery objectives, plus achievement of pre-competition body mass requirements. Total energy and macronutrient intakes of strength-power athletes are generally high but intakes tend to be unremarkable when expressed relative to body mass. Greater insight into optimization of dietary intake to achieve nutrition-related goals would be achieved from assessment of nutrient distribution over the day, especially intake before, during, and after exercise. This information is not readily available on strength-power athletes and research is warranted. There is a general void of scientific investigation relating specifically to this unique group of athletes. Until this is resolved, sports nutrition recommendations for strength-power athletes should be directed at the individual athlete, focusing on their specific nutrition-related goals, with an emphasis on the nutritional support of training. 相似文献
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耐力训练对骨骼肌重量的影响相对较少,而力量训练可显著诱导运动肌发生肥大。不同的训练方式诱导适应的分子机制是不同的,激活和表达各自特异的信号通路和相关的基因。力量和耐力进行组合训练时,在分子水平存在一个干扰现象,不同训练方式可诱导细胞内信号通路产生拮抗,从而抵消骨骼肌对不同运动方式产生特异性适应。当前,一些训练学上的对策已经被证明能够有效降低力量和耐力组合训练产生的干扰。对这一问题的认识有助于我们理解骨骼肌疾病的病因、老龄化时维持其新陈代谢和功能以及运动员的运动训练。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(5):530-536
ObjectiveIn this review, we critically evaluate studies directly comparing the effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy.MethodsWe conducted electronic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science to find studies that explored the effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on muscle hypertrophy.ResultsEight relevant studies were included in the review. Six studies compared the effects of plyometric vs. resistance training on muscle hypertrophy, while 2 studies explored the effects of combining plyometric and resistance training vs. isolated resistance training on acute anabolic signaling or muscle hypertrophy. Based on the results of these studies, we conclude that plyometric and resistance training may produce similar effects on whole muscle hypertrophy for the muscle groups of the lower extremities. Therefore, it seems that plyometric training has a greater potential for inducing increases in muscle size than previously thought. Despite the findings observed at the whole muscle level, the evidence for the effects of plyometric training on hypertrophy on the muscle fiber level is currently limited for drawing inferences. Compared to isolated resistance training, combining plyometric and resistance exercise does not seem to produce additive effects on anabolic signaling or muscle growth; however, this area requires future study. The limitations of the current body of evidence are that the findings are specific to (a) musculature of the lower extremities, (b) short-term training interventions that lasted up to 12 weeks, and (c) previously untrained or recreationally active participants.ConclusionThis review highlights that plyometric and resistance training interventions may produce similar effects on whole muscle hypertrophy, at least for the muscle groups of the lower extremities, in untrained and recreationally trained individuals, and over short-term (i.e., ≤12 weeks) intervention periods. 相似文献
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Chryssanthopoulos C Williams C Nowitz A Bogdanis G 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(11-12):1065-1071
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a carbohydrate-rich meal on post-prandial metabolic responses and skeletal muscle glycogen concentration. After an overnight fast, eight male recreational/club endurance runners ingested a carbohydrate (CHO) meal (2.5 g CHO x kg(-1) body mass) and biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and 3 h after the meal. Ingestion of the meal resulted in a 10.6 +/- 2.5% (P < 0.05) increase in muscle glycogen concentration (pre-meal vs post-meal: 314.0 +/- 33.9 vs 347.3 +/- 31.3 mmol x kg(-1) dry weight). Three hours after ingestion, mean serum insulin concentrations had not returned to pre-feeding values (0 min vs 180 min: 45 +/- 4 vs 143 +/- 21 pmol x l(-1)). On a separate occasion, six similar individuals ingested the meal or fasted for a further 3 h during which time expired air samples were collected to estimate the amount of carbohydrate oxidized over the 3 h post-prandial period. It was estimated that about 20% of the carbohydrate consumed was converted into muscle glycogen, and about 12 % was oxidized. We conclude that a meal providing 2.5 g CHO x kg(-1) body mass can increase muscle glycogen stores 3 h after ingestion. However, an estimated 67% of the carbohydrate ingested was unaccounted for and this may have been stored as liver glycogen and/or still be in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
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运动能力的差异是生物个体间客观存在的。本研究以细胞自噬与线粒体有关基因为例,探讨不同年龄不同运动能力小鼠在运动适应中骨骼肌进行基因选择性表达的转录调控机制,以及骨骼肌基因响应的个性化特征。将清洁级ICR小鼠分为青年对照组(YC)、青年运动组(YR)、成年对照组(AC)、成年运动组(AR),每组10只。采用递增负荷的运动能力测试确定青年、成年小鼠可以承受的最大跑速,YR、AR组小鼠按各自最大跑速的65%~75%进行耐力训练,每天训练1 h,持续4周。取腓肠肌测试mtDNA、ATP含量以及Caspases酶活性,实时荧光定量PCR检测mRNA表达,Western blot检测蛋白表达,用染色质免疫沉淀+PCR(ChIP-PCR)检测p53、ERRα与靶基因启动子结合的DNA片段。结果表明:(1)骨骼肌mtDNA含量在成年小鼠运动后显著提高,ATP含量在成年、青年小鼠运动后均显著提高。(2) 运动显著提高成年小鼠Caspase 3,8,9的酶活性,但是对青年小鼠无显著影响。(3)成年、青年小鼠自噬基因对运动响应显著,但线粒体生物发生、COX复合物、代谢调控有关基因只在成年小鼠对运动响应显著。(4) 运动促进p53、ERRα与靶基因Tfam、SCO2、PUMA、Bax启动子的结合,但在成年、青年小鼠中靶基因转录水平不一致。结论:即使保持相对一致的运动负荷,青年小鼠骨骼肌自噬与线粒体有关基因对运动的响应也比成年小鼠低。尽管运动促进p53、ERRα与靶基因启动子的结合,但靶基因在mRNA水平并不一定表达上调。 相似文献
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运动训练能促使骨骼肌形态、结构发生适应性的变化，如肌纤维选择性肥大、肌纤维类型转化等。钙调神经磷酸酶的活性与肌纤维选择性肥大、肌纤维类型的表达有着密切的关系，钙调神经磷酸酶信号机制为研究骨骼肌运动适应性变化打开了一扇新的大门。 相似文献
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Childhood obesity is an epidemic of global proportions, accompanied by an alarming increase in various metabolic disorders. It would appear that childhood obesity stems largely from excessive energy intake and that it is the ensuing obesity that leads to physical inactivity in children, as opposed to initial physical inactivity inducing obesity. How changes in body composition that accompany obesity influence physical activity (PA) and the mechanistic basis for this remains poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the PA habits and body composition of the obese children. We suggest skeletal muscle metabolism as a key driver of PA. The role both quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle may play in oxidative metabolism in the obese children are discussed. There is a real need for research examining the mechanistic basis of physical inactivity in the obese. The dearth of information on the role of skeletal muscle metabolism in the PA of obese youngsters and the emergence of new technologies allowing cellular and metabolite mechanisms to be explored provides plenty of scope for future work. 相似文献
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Sung-Eun Kim Ju Hong Jun-Youl Cha Jung-Min Park Denny Eun Jaehyun Yoo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(21):2114-2120
There are few studies on the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and balance in the young ages. We investigated the relationship between appendicular skeletal muscle mass, isokinetic muscle strength of lower extremity, and balance among healthy young men using relative skeletal muscle index. Thirty men were grouped according to relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: higher skeletal muscle group (n = 15) and lower skeletal muscle group (n = 15). Static and dynamic balance abilities were measured using the following: a test where participants stood on one leg with eyes closed, a modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) with eyes open and eyes closed, a stability test, and limits of stability test. The muscle strength of lower extremities was measured with an isokinetic analyser in hip, knee, and ankle joints. Participants with higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass were significantly more stable in maintaining dynamic balance than those with lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Moreover, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was positively correlated with dynamic balance ability. Participants with higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass had stronger strength in the lower extremity, and there were significant differences in the isokinetic torque ratios between groups. From these results, it can be inferred that higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass relates to muscle strength and the alteration in the peak torque ratio of the lower extremity, contributing to the maintenance of balance. 相似文献
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Junghoon Lee 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(2):194-201
Background:One of the most life-threatening comorbidities in elderly cancer patients is cancer cachexia,which is characterized by the ongoing loss of skeletal muscular strength and mass and is also associated with aging.There is a lack of recommendations for optimal resistance training(RT) for those patients.The purpose of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of RT on muscular strength and hypertrophy in elderly cancer patients.Methods: Five electronic databases were searched(until January 2020) for studies that met the following criteria:(i) cancer patients aged>60 years;(ii) structured and supervised RT intervention for>6 weeks;and(iii) measured muscular strength and/or hypertrophy.Results:Thirteen studies(717 participants,average age=66 years) met the inclusion criteria.RT significantly increased muscular strength(mean effect size=0.87,95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.43-1.32,p <0.001) and did not significantly induce muscle hypertrophy(mean effect size=0.09,95%CI:-0.14 to 0.31,p=0.45).In subgroup analyses for muscle strength,higher weekly frequency was significantly associated with larger effect size.Egger’ s test showed no significant publication bias for the 2 outcomes.Conclusion:The results suggest that RT improves muscular strength but does not significantly induce muscle hypertrophy in elderly cancer patients. 相似文献
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李琳燕 《沈阳体育学院学报》2011,30(1):62-64,71
目的:为探讨过度训练的机制,观察6周过度训练对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢MAPK信号通路p38的影响。方法:将30只Wistar大鼠随机分成两组,即安静对照组和过度训练组,过度训练组进行6周的递增负荷过度训练,通过整体机能状态和常规生化指标评定其运动疲劳的程度,并进一步测定其骨骼肌丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力及p38蛋白表达。结果:过度训练大鼠血清皮质醇、睾酮/皮质酮和血红蛋白显著下降(P<0.01),血尿素氮显著升高(P<0.01),且运动组大鼠睾酮、睾酮皮质酮比值、血红蛋白较正常组分别下降71.81%、85.21%和23.12%,皮质酮较正常组升高94.79%,分别超过30%、30%、20%和20%的人类过度训练诊断参考标准。同时,骨骼肌MDA含量明显升高(P<0.01),SOD活性和总抗氧化能力明显下降(P<0.05)。肌糖原含量没有显著的变化,血糖出现了显著下降,p38的蛋白表达出现显著的升高(P<0.01)。结论:过度训练引起的肌能量大量消耗,自由基生成加强,抗氧化能力减弱,过剩的自由基通过p38激活了MAPK系统,但这种激活并没有增加肌糖原的含量,推测MAPK对骨骼肌代谢的调节作用可能被低血糖水平所抑制。 相似文献
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Knechtle B Knechtle P Rosemann T Oliver S 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(3):319-327
A loss in total body mass during an ultraendurance performance is usually attributed to dehydration. We identified the changes in total body mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and selected markers of hydration status in 31 male nonprofessional ultratriathletes participating in a Triple Iron triathlon involving 11.4 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126.6 km running. Measurements were taken prior to starting the race and after arrival at the finish line. Total body mass decreased by 1.66 kg (SD = 1.92; -5.3 kg to +1.2 kg; p < .001), skeletal muscle mass by 1.00 kg (SD = 0.90; -2.54 kg to +2.07 kg; p < .001), and fat mass by 0.58 kg (SD = 0.78; -1.74 kg to +0.87 kg; p < .001). The decrease in total body mass was associated with the decrease in skeletal muscle mass (r = .44; p < .05) and fat mass (r = .51; p < .05). Total body water and urinary specific gravity did not significantly change. Plasma urea increased significantly (p < .001); the decrease in skeletal muscle mass and the increase in plasma urea were associated (r = .39; p < .05). We conclude that completing a Triple Iron triathlon leads to decreased total body mass due to reduced fat mass and skeletal muscle mass but not to dehydration. The association of decrease in skeletal muscle mass and increased plasma urea suggests a loss in skeletal muscle mass. 相似文献
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Costas Chryssanthopoulos Clyde Williams Andrea Nowitz Gregory Bogdanis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11-12):1065-1071
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a carbohydrate-rich meal on post-prandial metabolic responses and skeletal muscle glycogen concentration. After an overnight fast, eight male recreational/club endurance runners ingested a carbohydrate (CHO) meal (2.5 g CHO?·?kg?1 body mass) and biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and 3 h after the meal. Ingestion of the meal resulted in a 10.6?±?2.5% (P?<?0.05) increase in muscle glycogen concentration (pre-meal vs post-meal: 314.0?±?33.9 vs 347.3?±?31.3 mmol?·?kg?1 dry weight). Three hours after ingestion, mean serum insulin concentrations had not returned to pre-feeding values (0 min vs 180 min: 45?±?4 vs 143?±?21 pmol?·?l?1). On a separate occasion, six similar individuals ingested the meal or fasted for a further 3 h during which time expired air samples were collected to estimate the amount of carbohydrate oxidized over the 3 h post-prandial period. It was estimated that about 20% of the carbohydrate consumed was converted into muscle glycogen, and about 12 % was oxidized. We conclude that a meal providing 2.5 g CHO?·?kg?1 body mass can increase muscle glycogen stores 3 h after ingestion. However, an estimated 67% of the carbohydrate ingested was unaccounted for and this may have been stored as liver glycogen and/or still be in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
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采用半定量RT-PCR法和透射电镜法,观察大鼠不同运动强度游泳运动后骨骼肌IGF-IEa mRNA和MGF mRNA表达水平的变化以及骨骼肌卫星细胞的形态变化,阐述运动使骨骼肌增生肥大和损伤再修复的机制。 相似文献
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骨骼肌是人体重要的内分泌器官,能合成和分泌多种肌肉因子。白介素(interleukin,IL)-15是近年发现的一种新的肌肉因子,不仅作用于骨骼肌自身,促进骨骼肌蛋白的合成、抑制蛋白质的降解,还直接作用于脂肪组织,抑制脂肪的合成,促进脂肪的分解,骨骼肌分泌的IL-15是骨骼肌萎缩、肥胖防治等多种代谢性疾病的新靶点。不同的运动强度、运动方式和运动时间对血浆IL-15水平及骨骼肌IL-15的基因表达、蛋白表达的作用并不一致,就肌肉因子IL-15的生理学作用及运动对1L-15的影响进行综述。 相似文献
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丙酮酸钙对摔跤运动员体成分和静息代谢率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨丙酮酸钙对摔跤运动员体成分和静息代谢率的影响。选取摔跤男运动员22人，随机分成2组即丙酮酸钙组和安慰荆组，分别给予6g／d的丙酮酸钙和安慰荆，共服用8周。观察摔跤运动员体重、体脂肪含量、体重指数、身体脂肪比率以夏腹部脂肪比率、去脂体重、肌肉量、骨骼肌含量、水分、蛋白质、无机盐含量以及静息代谢率的变化。结果表明实验束丙酮酸钙纽体重、体脂肪含量、体重指数、身体脂肪比率以厦腹部脂肪比率5项指标均较实验前呈显著下降（P〈0．05）；安慰剂组体重、去脂体重、肌肉量、体脂肪、体重指数、身体脂肪比率、腹部脂肪比率、水分、蛋白质、无机盐含量以及静息代谢率各项指标与实验前比较有所下降，但无显著意义；组间进行比较，丙酮酸钙组实验前后体重差值、体脂肪含量差值、身体脂肪比率差值以及腹部脂肪比率差值4项指标与安慰刺组相比差异存在显著（P〈0．05）；去脂体重、肌肉量、骨骼肌含量、水分、蛋白质、无机盐含量以及静息代谢率在实验前后和两组间均无明显变化。可见，丙酮酸钙能有效降低摔跤运动员体重和体脂含量而不影响去脂体重，迭到减重而不减瘦体重的目的；丙酮酸钙对于静息代谢率无明显影响。 相似文献
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为了探讨高强度训练对SD大鼠OAH品质的提高,将30只SD大鼠随机分为训练干预组与安静对照组。训练干预组以坡度10%、28 m/min、每次60 min、每天1次、每周5 d条件下于跑台上运动8周;安静对照组不施加运动干预措施。在最后一次训练结束72 h即刻进行腓肠肌与血清的取材。检测指标为骨骼肌与血清的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total super oxide dismutase,TSOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,RGSH)。结果发现:骨骼肌与血清中的RGSH含量和TSOD活性显著性增高;MDA在血清中显著性降低,但在骨骼肌中显著性升高;CAT活性在血清中显著性增高,但在骨骼肌中不变。实验表明:高强度训练能够实现SD大鼠OAH升级。 相似文献
20.
间歇性低氧运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体解偶联蛋白3（UCP3）表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：探讨间歇性低氧运动对肥胖及正常SD大鼠骨骼肌线粒体解偶联蛋白-3表达的影响。方法：将100只雄性健康大鼠随机分为正常对照组（40只）和肥胖造模组（60只），从造模成功的SD大鼠中挑选40只，随机分为肥胖常氧安静组（A组）、肥胖常氧运动组（B组）、肥胖低氧安静组（C组）和肥胖低氧运动组（D组）。正常对照组随机分为正常常氧安静组（E组）、正常常氧运动组（F组）、正常低氧运动组（G组）和正常低氧安静组（H组），每组10只。第4周末次运动后24h左右进行采样，采样前所有大鼠禁食过夜，取后肢骨骼肌匀浆提取线粒体，用western blot的方法测定肥胖大鼠以及正常组大鼠的骨骼肌线粒体UCP3的蛋白表达水平。结果：正常组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白表达明显高于造模组大鼠（P〈0．05）；低氧安静及运动组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达均明显高于常氧安静组（P〈0．05）；低氧或运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达的影响与大鼠的体脂百分比有呈负相关的趋势。结论：肥胖大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达低于正常大鼠，4周的有氧运动以及间歇性低氧刺激使骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达增加，运动与间歇性低氧刺激相结合能使骨骼肌线粒体UCP3的表达水平高于单一的运动或间歇性低氧刺激。而且，低氧刺激以及低氧刺激与运动相结合使得大鼠的体重、体脂百分比降低幅度比单一的运动更加明显。 相似文献