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1.
Cieszczyk P Ostanek M Leońska-Duniec A Sawczuk M Maciejewska A Eider J Ficek K Sygit K Kotarska K 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(1):31-35
The aims of this study were to determine the distribution of the AMPD1 genotype among groups of high-level Polish power-oriented athletes, and to investigate potential associations between genetic polymorphism in exon 2 of the AMPD1 gene and power-oriented athlete status. Altogether, 158 male Polish power-oriented athletes were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. The genetic control group comprised 160 unrelated male volunteers. We observed significant differences in genotype distribution when all 158 athletes (89.25% CC, 10.75% CT, 0.00% TT; P = 0.0025) were compared with controls (75.00% CC, 23.75% CT, 1.25% TT). A significant deficiency of the T allele was noted in all subgroups (short-distance runners: 5.21%, P = 0.032; short-distance swimmers: 5.56%, P = 0.031; weightlifters: 5.36%, P = 0.024) compared with controls (13.13%), while this trend was even stronger when the frequency of the T allele was compared between controls and all 158 athletes (5.38%, P = 0.0007). Our results indicate a lower frequency of the AMPD1 exon 2 T34 allele in elite Polish power-oriented athletes. Our data suggest that the C allele may help athletes to attain elite status in power-oriented sports. 相似文献
2.
优秀有氧耐力运动员ACE 基因I/ D 多态性与最大有氧能力及心脏结构与功能的关联研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为探讨ACE基因I/D多态性与人类有氧运动能力的关联关系并寻找相关的分子遗传标记,应用PCR-AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)方法检测优秀耐力运动员与普通人群ACE基因型.结果显示,I等位基因频率运动员组明显增高,有显著性差异(P<0.05),且不同基因型间各性状存在差别,提示ACE
I/D 多态性很可能与人体的运动能力及其对运动训练的敏感度相关联. 相似文献
3.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):177-181
Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to test for a possible association between the PPARA intron 1 A/C polymorphism (rs135539) and the attainment of elite athlete status. In total, 155 Israeli athletes (119 males, 36 females) and 240 healthy controls (170 males, 70 females) participated in the study. The group of athletes consisted of endurance athletes (n=74) and sprinters (n=81). Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP on DNA from leucocytes. Results showed that genotype distribution and allele frequencies were similar (P=0.65 for genotypes and P=0.48 for allele frequency) for the endurance athletes (allele frequency A/C 0.7/0.3), sprinters (allele frequency A/C 0.66/0.34), and controls (allele frequency A/C 0.71/0.29). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the sub-groups of elite endurance athletes (those who had represented Israel in world track-and-field championships or in the Olympic Games) and national-level endurance athletes (P=0.44 for genotypes and P=0.96 for allele frequency), or between elite and national-level sprinters (P=0.57 for genotypes and P=0.40 for allele frequency). In conclusion, we observed no differences in genotype distribution or allele frequencies across PPARA intron 1 A/C polymorphism between endurance athletes, sprinters, and controls. Further research is needed in other ethnic groups to verify these results. 相似文献
4.
目的：研究我国优秀冬季项目运动员ACE基因I/D多态分布及其与优秀耐力能力的关联性。方法：应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术测定120名我国北方汉族健康大学生及50名我国优秀冬季项目运动员ACE基因I/D位点的基因型和等位基因的频率分布。结果：对照组等位基因频率为I=59%,D=41%,基因型频率为I/I=36%,I/D=46%,D/D=18%;冬季项目运动员等位基因频率为I=58%,D=42%,基因型频率为I/I=34%,I/D=48%,D/D=18%;其中25名耐力项目运动员等位基因频率为I=64%,D=36%,基因型频率为I/I=39%,I/D=48%,D/D=12%,符合H-W平衡,对照组与运动员组的基因型频率和等位基因频率无显著性别差异,基因型频率和等位基因频率在对照组与耐力运动员组间也无显著差异。结论：我国耐力型冬季项目运动员的优秀耐力素质与ACE基因I/D多态性无关,该位点不能作为其耐力素质选材的遗传学标记。 相似文献
5.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):244-248
Abstract The adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD1) gene seems to be an important regulator of skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise. A nonsense C34T mutation in the AMPD1 gene results in a premature stop codon, thus stopping protein synthesis. The aim of this study was to determine the AMPD1 C34T mutation frequency distribution among 155 Israeli athletes (endurance athletes, n=74; sprinters, n=81) and 142 healthy controls. Genotyping of the AMPD1 C34T (rs5810761) mutation was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that the genotype subtype did not differ by gender in the athletes (P=0.18) or the controls (P=0.79). The AMPD1 C34T genotype distribution was in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within all groups (P>0.05). The genotype distribution and allele frequencies were similar in the groups of endurance athletes, sprinters, and controls (P=0.455). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the subgroups of elite endurance athletes and national endurance athletes (P=0.78), or between elite and national sprinters (P=0.46). In conclusion, the AMPD1 C34T mutation is not associated with endurance athletes’ status, at least in the present group of Israeli athletes. This suggests that elite athletic status can be achieved despite a partial deficiency in AMPD1, as marked by the AMPD1 CT genotype. 相似文献
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7.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):149-153
Abstract The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism is the most studied genetic marker in the field of human performance. There is a continuing debate in the literature regarding the possible association of ACE genotypes and elite athletic status. In fact, despite recent studies having identified no significant associations in athletes from mixed sporting disciplines, other researchers suggest that the insertion (I) variant may be associated with elite endurance performance, and the deletion (D) variant can be over-represented among elite sprinters. The purpose of the present study was to determine, for the first time, the association between the ACE genotypes and sprint athlete status among elite Italian gymnasts. To test this hypothesis, we assessed 33 elite Italian gymnasts (17 males, 16 females) and a control group of 53 (31 males, 22 females) unrelated sedentary individuals. DNA was extracted from each participant using a buccal swab and the ACE I/D polymorphism was determined using PCR while different amplified fragments were detected by electrophoresis using agarose gel and ethidium bromide staining. The ACE genotypes and allele frequencies among gymnasts (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.48, 0.12, respectively; D allele=0.64) were not significantly different from those of Italian sedentary controls (DD, ID, II=0.39, 0.45, 0.15, respectively; D allele=0.62). However, the frequencies of our control group were similar to those observed in a sample of Italian sedentary individuals, and different to those of the general Caucasian population reported by other authors. Furthermore, the frequencies of our control group did not differ from those reported in other association studies involving elite sprint athletes. Our results suggest a lack of association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and elite gymnastics performance in Italians. 相似文献
8.
目的：研究黑龙江汉族速滑运动员优秀耐力能力与肌型肌酸激酶基因（CKMM）A/G多态的关联性。方法：应用PCR-RFLP法测定120名黑龙江籍汉族健康大学生及25名黑龙江汉族耐力型速滑运动员CKMM基因A/G位点的基因型和等位基因的频率分布。结果：大学生等位基因频率为A=87%,G=13%,基因型频率为A/A=76%,A/G=22%,G/G=2%;速滑运动员等位基因频率为A=84%,G=16%,基因型频率为A/A=68%,A/G=32%,经卡方检验符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律,两组的基因型频率和等位基因频率在男女间无显著性差异,与欧美人群相比有显著性差异,与我国北方汉族人及韩国人相比差异不具有显著性。两组间基因型频率和等位基因频率无显著性差异。结论：黑龙江汉族耐力型速滑运动员的优秀耐力素质与CKMM基因N coⅠ多态性无关,该位点不能作为其耐力素质选材的遗传学标记。 相似文献
9.
Triscott S Gordon J Kuppuswamy A King N Davey N Ellaway P 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):941-951
The effect of long-term endurance and resistance training on central fatigue has been studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation by exercising the biceps brachii to exhaustion and recording motor-evoked potentials from the non-exercised homologous biceps. Three groups of eight healthy individuals took part: two groups of individuals who had more than 8 years of athletic training in either an endurance or resistance sport, and a group of controls. The size of a motor-evoked potential (area of averaged rectified response) was significantly depressed in all three groups in the non-exercised arm after exhaustive exercise of the opposite arm. Recovery of motor-evoked potentials occurred earlier in endurance athletes (20 min) than in control participants (30 min) and resistance athletes (>30 min). Dexterity and maximum voluntary contraction of the biceps for the non-exercised arm were not depressed in any group. In a separate session, the limit of endurance time for the biceps was reduced significantly following exhaustive exercise of the biceps of the other arm for resistance athletes and control participants, whereas there was no change in the endurance athletes. Our findings suggest that athletic training has an effect on the mechanism of central fatigue that may be specific to the nature of training. 相似文献
10.
探讨中国越野滑雪运动员运动能力与CNTF基因多态性的关联性,为越野滑雪运动员的基因选材提供前期探讨性的理论依据与基础数据。方法：采用PCR—RFLP方法测定30名越野滑雪运动员与30名普通大学生的基因的多态性。结果：对照组等位基因频率为A=10．17％,G=88．13％,基因型频率为A／A=0％,A／G=20．69％,G／G=79．31％,越野滑雪运动员等位基因频率为A=20％,G=80％,基因型频率为A／A=6．67％,A／G=26．67％,G／G=66．67％。经卡方检验不符合Hardy—Weinberg遗传平衡定律,且CNTF基因型分布和等位基因与对照组的基因型频率和等位基因频率无统计学意义（P〉0．05）结论：CNTF基因的多态性与中国黑龙江省越野滑运动员运动能力无相关性。 相似文献
11.
血液的粘度与运动员血液 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有训练的耐力运动员红细胞压积、血浆粘度和纤维蛋白原水平较一般人低，其主要原因是耐力训练使血浆容量增加较多。这种血液性状的变化对于改善血液的流复性、提高肌肉的供氧能力和增强运动能力有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
线粒体DNA多态性与人类运动能力的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
综述了有关线粒体基因组(mtDNA)多态性与运动能力的研究：mtDNA为16569bp的双链闭环分子，含有37个基因，排列紧密，无内含子。其转录、复制受核DNA调控，同时也不同程度地影响核DNA表达；mtDNA的多样性很高的结论被进一步证实，且mtDNA的差异主要分布在群体内的个体间，而群体间的差异较小；目前研究认为，mtDNA多态性可能造成群体中有氧代谢能力的个体差异，是决定有氧能力和训练敏感性的可能分子机制之一。展示了中国运动员和汉人mtDNA HVR Ⅰ多态性，及其与运动能力关联性研究的结果，并对比分析了限制性酶切、直接测序、活细胞培养等方法对mtDNA多态性与运动能力的研究结果，发现众多研究结果还存在不少争议，仍需进一步深入研究。mtDNA作为良好的遗传标记，对其单核苷酸多态性(SNP)的分析及其与运动能力表型的关联研究和分子遗传学探讨具有重要意义和研究前景。 相似文献
13.
Endurance running performance in athletes with asthma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Laboratory assessment was made during maximal and submaximal exercise on 16 endurance trained male runners with asthma (aged 35 +/- 9 years) (mean +/- S.D.). Eleven of these asthmatic athletes had recent performance times over a half-marathon, which were examined in light of the results from the laboratory tests. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the group was 61.8 +/- 6.3 ml kg-1 min-1 and the maximum ventilation (VEmax) was 138.7 +/- 24.7 l min-1. These maximum cardio-respiratory responses to exercise were positively correlated to the degree of airflow obstruction, defined as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (expressed as a percentage of predicted normal). The half-marathon performance times of 11 of the athletes ranged from those of recreational to elite runners (82.4 +/- 8.8 min, range 69-94). Race pace was correlated with VO2max (r = 0.863, P less than 0.01) but the highest correlation was with the running velocity at a blood lactate concentration of 2 mmol l-1 (r = 0.971, P less than 0.01). The asthmatic athletes utilized 82 +/- 4% VO2max during the half-marathon, which was correlated with the %VO2max at 2 mmol l-1 blood lactate (r = 0.817, P less than 0.01). The results of this study suggest that athletes with mild to moderate asthma can possess high VO2max values and can develop a high degree of endurance fitness, as defined by their ability to sustain a high percentage of VO2max over an endurance race. In athletes with more severe airflow obstruction, the maximum ventilation rate may be reduced and so VO2max may be impaired. The athletes in the present study have adapted to this limitation by being able to sustain a higher %VO2max before the accumulation of blood lactate, which is an advantage during an endurance race. Therefore, with appropriate training and medication, asthmatics can successfully participate in endurance running at a competitive level. 相似文献
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15.
Naoki Kikuchi Eri Miyamoto-Mikami Haruka Murakami Tomohiro Nakamura Seok-Ki Min Masuhiko Mizuno 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):694-701
Aim: Recent meta-analyses of the literature confirmed the association between the RR+RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athletic status in Europeans but not in Asians and Africans, while the association between the R577X genotype and elite endurance athlete status is less convincing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and elite athlete status in a large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes. Methods: One-thousand fifty-seven Japanese track and field athletes (627 sprint/power athletes and 430 endurance athletes) and 810 Japanese controls were genotyped for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) by using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Results: Elite sprint/power athletes had a higher frequency of the RR+RX genotype than the controls (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.18; P?=?.003). A significant linear correlation was found between the RR?+?RX genotype and athlete status (i.e. regional?P?=?.001 for trend) and long-distance runners (regional: 65%, national: 72%, international: 82%; P?=?.030 for trend). Conclusions: The data obtained for this large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes served to confirm the association between the RR?+?RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athlete status and also the association between the ACTN3 RR?+?RX genotype and long-distance running athletic status. 相似文献
16.
乳酸阈能够客观准确地反映出运动员的有氧工作能力,因此在运动训练活动中广为教练员和运动所采纳用以评定运动员的有氧工作能力。将乳酸阈应用于速度滑冰的运动训练当中,对个体乳酸阈值在速度滑冰训练中应用进行评定,并分别对运动员有氧工作能力、有氧和无氧耐力训练强度都进行了评定。提出实例来说明速滑专项耐力素质训练中利用乳酸阈训练提高速滑有氧耐力素质和速度耐力素质训练的方法和达到的效果,使乳酸阈训练方法更加有效地指导运动员的冬夏季各项训练,为提高速滑运动员专项耐力素质以取得优异的比赛成绩提供理论依据。 相似文献
17.
The idea that dietary supplements can improve athletic performance is popular among athletes. The use of antioxidant supplements is widespread among endurance athletes because of evidence that free radicals contribute to muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise. Furthermore, interest in vitamin D supplementation is increasing in response to studies indicating that vitamin D deficiency exists in athletic populations. This review explores the rationale for supplementation with both antioxidants and vitamin D and discusses the evidence to support and deny the benefits of these dietary supplements. The issue of whether athletes should use antioxidant supplements remains highly controversial. Nonetheless, at present there is limited scientific evidence to recommend antioxidant supplements to athletes or other physically active individuals. Therefore, athletes should consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist when considering antioxidant supplementation. The issue of whether athletes should supplement with vitamin D is also controversial. While arguments for and against vitamin D supplementation exist, additional research is required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to athletes. Nevertheless, based upon the growing evidence that many athletic populations are vitamin D deficient or insufficient, it is recommended that athletes monitor their serum vitamin D concentration and consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist to determine if they would derive health benefits from vitamin D supplementation. 相似文献
18.
咖啡因作为一种功能增进营养补剂,广泛应用于耐力运动员的训练和竞赛中。通过系统梳理探讨摄入咖啡因对耐力运动员计时赛、恒定负荷运动和递增负荷运动至力竭3种类型运动表现影响的相关研究,总结咖啡因对耐力运动员运动表现的影响规律,以期为我国教练员和运动员优化营养补剂方案提供理论依据。结果显示,自行车、中长跑及赛艇等耐力运动员多以胶囊形式摄入低中高剂量咖啡因（3~9 mg/kg）来提高耐力运动表现,但对于不同类型运动表现的有效剂量及作用机制存在差异。另外,咖啡因与其他营养补剂混合摄入的效果以及咖啡因不同摄入方式、性别差异、基因组别、安慰剂效应等对其功能增进效果的影响是咖啡因研究领域未来的发展方向。 相似文献
19.
对中外男子优秀十项全能运动员运动成绩之差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过查阅并整理中外男子优秀十项全能运动员10年来的运动成绩,笔者运用文献资料法、比较研究法、数理统计法,对运动成绩进行对比研究,结果表明我国男子十项全能运动整体水平和个体最好成绩与世界存在一定的差距,根据我国运动员的身体素质和运动技术水平的实际情况,提高我国全能运动整体水平在1 500m、400m和撑杆跳高单项上应加强训练,以提高其耐力素质.全国个人全能记录保持者龚国华在110m栏、100m和跳远单项上应加强速度素质训练,以提高个人运动速度. 相似文献
20.
Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is absent in 18% of healthy Caucasian individuals owing to homozygosity for a premature stop codon (X) at amino acid 577 (rs1815739). Previous studies have shown a strong association between ACTN3 genotype and human athletic performance. In a study of 452 young Chinese male soldiers, we examined the distribution of ACTN3 genotypes and alleles and analysed the association between ACTN3 genotypes and athletic performance. We found that the frequencies of the ACTN3 R577X genotype (RR 39.8%, RX 43.4%, and XX 16.8%) and R577X allele (R 61.5%, X 38.5%) in young Chinese males were not significantly different from those in Caucasians. We only observed a significant association (P = 0.025) between ACTN3 R577X genotypes and grip strength. Participants with the XX genotype displayed significantly lower handgrip strength than individuals with the RR genotype (P = 0.021), but the difference between XX and RX means (P = 0.258) and that between RR and RX means (P = 0.42) was not significant. We did not observe a strong association between the ACTN3 R577X genotypes and sprint phenotypes or endurance phenotypes. In conclusion, our results indicate that the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is most strongly associated with grip strength in young Chinese male soldiers. 相似文献