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基于共词分析法，将体育学科研究相关文献的关键词进行核心-边缘分析、聚类和中介性分析，发现中介性不为零的词条过多，学科研究边界模糊，且体育学科主流研究方向过度偏重于"体育教育"，与学科研究的其他方面关联甚少，反映出原有学科体系划分方式的知识结构有失偏颇、包容性不足，对体育实践的其他领域引领作用有限。研究认为：体育学二级学科重构以体育实践为依据，可划分为体育教育学、体育健身学、体育竞技学和体育休闲学；同时阐述合理划分三级学科的必要性，并以深度表达和降维表达的方式重构三级学科。 相似文献
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Viviene A. Temple Jeff R. Crane Amy Brown Buffy-Lynne Williams Rick I. Bell 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2016,21(3):268-280
Background: Developmental theorists suggest that physical activity during early childhood promotes fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency; and that differences in FMS proficiency are largely related to children's experiences.Aim: To examine associations between participation in different types of recreation/leisure and FMS proficiency of boys and girls in their first year of school. We hypothesized that there would be positive associations between FMS proficiency and participation in organized sport, physical activities, and active physical recreation; but not for other types of recreation/leisure.Method: Participants (n?=?74) were kindergarten children (Mage?=?5y11?m; boys?=?55%). Parents completed the diversity dimension of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) survey. The CAPE measures children's participation in everyday activities outside of mandated school activities in the past four months in five types of formal and informal activities, specifically: Recreational activities, Physical activities, Social activities, Skill-Based activities, and Self-Improvement activities. Two categories of activities were also reported: Organized Sport and Active Physical Recreation. Locomotor and object control skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and static balance was assessed using a stork stand. Sex-based differences in motor skills and participation were examined using chi-squared analyses. Correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between motor skills and CAPE sub-domains and categories. Linear regression was used to examine whether the type of activity predicted motor skill proficiency and the reverse.Results: There were no sex-based differences in locomotor skills; whereas boys' object control skill scores were significantly higher than girls, and girls' stork stand scores were higher than boys'. Although there were no sex-based differences in the more active categories of recreational pastimes; girls participated in significantly more formal and informal dance and the prevalence of participation in team sports was significantly higher for boys. For boys, participation in physical activities predicted both locomotor and object control skill scores, organized sport predicted object control skills, and active recreation predicted stork stand times and object control skill scores. These relationships were not evident among the girls.Conclusions: These findings illustrate that young children participate in a narrower array of physically active recreational pursuits compared with less active pursuits. There were notable sex-based differences in the relationships between participation and motor skill proficiency. For girls, none of the associations between recreational pastimes and motor skill proficiency were significant. This suggests that the motor proficiency of girls, as assessed in this study, is neither a precursor to, nor an outcome of, participation in active recreational pastimes. Contrastingly, the findings for boys support theory that suggests that physical activity is driving the acquisition of particular types of motor skills. Less active recreational activities were not associated with motor skill levels of boys, whereas each of the more active categories of recreational pastimes (active recreation, physical activities, and organized sport) predicted at least one sub-type of motor skill. It also seems clear from our findings that more light needs to be shed on how to optimally portray young girls' motor skill proficiency; as well as the relationships between their participation and motor skills. 相似文献
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Lawrence F. Locke 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):418-429
Abstract The purpose of this study was to inquire into the validity of certain aspects of the public image of the physical educator through the use of selected psychological test instruments, and to assess these factors in a group of administration oriented physical educators. The performances of the physical educators differed significantly from those of a group of classroom teachers on each of three psychological measures. The direction of some of the differences provides support for the public image of the physical educator. Conclusions must be modified by the fact that a high degree of overlap exists between the performance distributions of the two groups and by the observation that the differences were altered sharply by experimental changes in the membership of the physical education group. 相似文献
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汤庆华 《体育科技文献通报》2008,16(4):5-6,17
探讨随班就读体育教学对病残学生身体形态、机能及素质的影响为目的。将基本情况相当的湖南理工学院06级病残学生39名，男21人，女18人，随机分为二组（A组、B组），A组免修体育课，B组同学分散随各自所在自然体育教学班上课。经一学年的教学实验，结果显示：A组的身体机能和素质几乎没变，有的不同幅度下降，B组的身体机能和素质不同幅度的变化，具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）或（P〈0．01）。结论：随班就读体育教学对病残学生身体机能及素质产生了积极影响，是病残学生增强体质，提高运动能力的有效教学形式，随班就读是病残学生体育教学值得进一步探索和研究的一种教学模式。 相似文献
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David R. Laurie Jr. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):683-686
Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to determine if differences existed between groups of subjects who were exposed to a lecture format of instruction as opposed to slide-tape instruction for a unit of study on physical fitness. The lecture group was instructed by the traditional lecture method at a regularly scheduled time while the other group attended preprogramed slide-tape lectures at their own convenience. During the four-week study 12 different lectures were presented to each of the 99 subjects. Data were treated using an ANCOVA. There was no statistically significant difference between group means, though both groups showed increased physical fitness knowledge after being exposed to the varying treatments. It was concluded that both the lecture and slide-tape methods of instruction were efficient teaching modes, though neither method was statistically more effective than the other. Innovation in education is directed toward qualitative and quantitative improvements of the learning process. Although learning theorists are still baffled as to what learning process is best each supports the need for efficiency. Educational efficiency is a ratio of student and teacher time consumed to the time required for development or alteration of learner behavior. 相似文献
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Jeffery Kurt Ward Danielle D. Wadsworth Shelby Foote Sheri J. Brock Nikki Hollett 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(3):346-351
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which a sport education season of fitness could provide students with recommended levels of in-class moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while also increasing students’ fitness knowledge and fitness achievement. Method: One hundred and sixty-six 5th-grade students (76 boys, 90 girls) participated in a 20-lesson season called “CrossFit Challenge” during a 4-week period. The Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, push-ups, and curl-ups tests of the FITNESSGRAM® were used to assess fitness at pretest and posttest, while fitness knowledge was assessed through a validated, grade-appropriate test of health-related fitness knowledge (HRF). Physical activity was measured with Actigraph GT3X triaxial accelerometers. Results: Results indicated a significant time effect for all fitness tests and the knowledge test. Across the entire season, the students spent an average of 54.5% of lesson time engaged in MVPA, irrespective of the type of lesson (instruction, free practice, or competition). Conclusions: The results suggest that configuring the key principles of sport education within a unit of fitness is an efficient model for providing students with the opportunity to improve fitness skill and HRF knowledge while attaining recommended levels of MVPA. 相似文献
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适能与健康教育应是目前高校体育关注的重点,但高校体育基本是以单项或多项竞技运动项目为主导的课程,忽视了对学生进行与健康相关联的适能内容的教育,难以达到培养终身锻炼的目的。因此,我们需要发展新的课程模式,增加更多以个体为导向、知识为基础的体育课程。本研究是以行为理论作为学习的依据,探讨运动教育与适能教育的交互组合课程模式,以进一步激发学生参加课堂和课外活动的动机,促进其形成终身体育锻炼的意识和能力。 相似文献
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Hopper CA Munoz KD Gruber MB Nguyen KP 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):130-139
This study examined the efficacy of a school-based exercise and nutrition program with a parent component. Third-grade children (N = 238) from six elementary schools participated in the study, with three schools randomly assigned to a program group and the other three schools to a control group. The program group received a health-related fitness school-based program and a home program that required parents and children to complete activities and earn points for nutrition and exercise activities. The control group received their traditional physical education and nutrition education program. Univariate analysis of variance on pre- and posttest scores were completed on the following variables: height, weight, body mass index, skinfold, blood cholesterol, mile run, exercise and nutrition knowledge, calories, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, fiber, sodium, percentage of calories from carbohydrates, and percentage of calories from fat. At pretest, the treatment and control groups did not significantly differ on the measures using schools as the unit of analysis. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on skinfold and pretest knowledge. At posttest, the treatment group scored significantly higher than the control group on exercise and nutrition knowledge and significantly lower than the control group on total fat intake, using schools as the unit of analysis. There was no improvement in physiological measures, including blood cholesterol. The study demonstrated that schools can adjust curriculum to meet some health needs of students and achieve modest changes in exercise and nutrition knowledge and diet. The family component of the program provided a practical approach to improving physical activity and nutrition behaviors for elementary school teachers who teach many participants in a crowded curriculum. 相似文献
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Abstract Sixty-nine physical education majors were used as subjects in an attempt to identify those personal and physical qualities of women physical education students which would most effectively predict success in the professional preparation program of physical education. The criteria of success included the cumulative academic index, a rating by the faculty, and a rating by the student's peer group. Predictive variables consisting of measures of physical fitness, general motor ability, temperament traits, mental ability, interests, and values were evaluated. The single predictive variable yielding the highest positive relationship with success in the professional preparation program was physical fitness; the value and interest variables showed practically no relationship. The best combination of variables for predicting success was the physical fitness index, the active temperament trait score, and the mental ability score. 相似文献
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美国爱默雷大学与中国东南大学体育教学内容选择的比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文就中美两所大学的体育教学课程设置和内容作了比较分析。课程设置的依据是为了提高学生体质和使学生掌握运动技巧。在健身和终身体育的基础上,选择开设一些娱乐化、社会化和产业化的体育教学内容将可能有利于高校体育教学的发展。 相似文献
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兼顾休闲价值取向的大学体育教学内容选编问题思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李宏印 《山东体育学院学报》2011,27(4):83-88
休闲价值取向下的大学体育教学内容选编,必须处理好制约教材选编的影响因素,同时还要正确认识竞技、休闲和民族传统体育项目在教材体系中的地位与主导价值。强身健体的实效性、支配身体的技巧性、他娱自乐的竞技性,可作为休闲价值取向下大学体育教材内容选编的逻辑主线。 相似文献
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Wayne B. Brumbach 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):211-213
Abstract This study was designed to compare concepts of the course “Physical Education” as held by incidental samples of 119 major students, 46 area teachers, and 283 area high school students. Communication content analysis procedures indicated six basic purpose orientations: (a) physical fitness; (b) sports-games; (c) total development; (d) social adjustment; (e) recreation; and (f) enjoyment. Various chi-square comparisons identified the existence of only one significant difference. That real difference occurred between the college–teacher group and the high school group: the majority (58%) of the college-teacher group gave “total development” as the purpose of physical education, while the students (100%) identified physical fitness and sports-games as the main purpose. In fact, 80% of the high school group claimed that the only purposes of physical education were to develop physical fitness and to learn and play sports-games. 相似文献
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选取2010年湖北省国民体质监测走、跑、跳身体素质指标并联系问卷中的父母因素项,统计分析各因素项中身体素质合格率的差异,探讨影响幼儿部分身体素质合格率的父母因素,以便为采取有效措施促进幼儿体质发展提供依据。结果显示,父母受教育程度为大专及以上、职业为脑力劳动类型的幼儿10m折返跑、立定跳远的合格率高,而走平衡木的合格率则以父母受教育程度为初中及以下及其他类型的劳动者高。父母参加每周1次以上体育锻炼的幼儿,以上这些身体素质的合格率都较不参加体育锻炼的父母的幼儿高。结论认为,鼓励幼儿父母参加体育锻炼、提高其体育锻炼及社会文化认知也是不可忽略的促进幼儿体质的干预手段之一。 相似文献
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Stuart Jarvis Morgan Williams Paul Rainer Eleri Sian Jones John Saunders Richard Mullen 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(1):88-100
The aims of this study were to determine proficiency levels of fundamental movement skills using cluster analysis in a cohort of U.K. primary school children; and to further examine the relationships between fundamental movement skills proficiency and other key aspects of health-related physical activity behavior. Participants were 553 primary children between 9- and 12-years old, 294 boys and 259 girls, who were assessed across eight different fundamental movement skills. Physical activity behaviors included markers of physical fitness, recall of physical activity behavior, and physical self-concept. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify groups based on fundamental movement skills proficiencies and discriminant analysis to predict fundamental movement skills proficiency based upon the physical activity variables. This interpretation of fundamental movement skills performance revealed distinct groups of fundamental movement skills proficiency in both genders with several gender-specific components of physical activity shown to discriminate children with differing levels of fundamental movement skills proficiency (p < .05, r > .40). 相似文献
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目前在我国大学生中普遍存在着身心素质差的问题,如何促进大学生积极参加体育锻炼,提高大学生的身体素质是我国高校体育教育者必须思考的重要问题.传统武术是我国健身文化中不可忽略的重要内容,在帮助大学生强身健体、修身养性方面具有明显的作用.高校体育工作者必须充分发挥传统武术的重要价值,将传统武术精神纳入体育教育中,从而培养大学生的民族精神,提高大学生的身心素质.学校体育课程的价值取决于对学生身心全面发展对社会做出贡献,武术运动不仅仅是身体健康的需要,也是促进心理健康,实现自我完善的需要.近年来,中国传统武术已被规定为高等学校体育必修课程,并受到了广大高校师生的欢迎和支持 相似文献
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Scott Slava David R. Laurie Charles B. Corbin 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):161-168
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes, knowledge, and activity behaviors of college graduates who completed a lecture-laboratory (concepts) course in physical education during their undergraduate study. Serving as controls were college graduates of the same university who transferred to the university and who received credit for a traditional rather than a concepts course. Both groups were compared to college graduates who “quizzed out” of the concepts course rather than enrolling in the class. Subjects were randomly selected from the 1977 and 1979 graduating classes. All those selected as subjects received a questionnaire containing an attitude test, a knowledge lest, and an activity checklist. Fifty-nine percent of the 300 questionnaires were returned. Multivariate analyses indicated that the concepts groups possessed attitude-knowledge-activity profiles which differed from those of either of the other groups. Though differences were not uniform for the two years studied, knowledge was consistently the greatest contributor to differences between transfer and concepts groups. Univariate and combined year analyses indicated that, though less consistent than the knowledge differences, attitude and activity differences among groups also existed. In general, the results suggested that a college level conceptual physical education class can have positive long term effects. 相似文献
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BackgroundIncreasing caloric expenditure in physical education is considered an effective school-based approach to addressing the child obesity epidemic. This study was designed to determine synergistic influences of student characteristics and lesson factors on caloric expenditure in elementary and middle school physical education.MethodsThe study used a multi-level design. Level-1 factors included personal characteristics: age, gender, and body mass index. Level-2 factors included lesson length, content, and school level. Based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention age–gender adjusted growth chart, students in 87 classes from 14 elementary and 15 middle schools were pre-screened into “Overweight”, “Healthy weight”, or “Thin” groups. One boy and one girl were randomly selected from each group in each class as data providers (264 elementary and 294 middle school students). Caloric expenditure was measured in 243 physical education lessons using accelerometers.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed and hierarchical linear modeling confirmed separate age by body mass index, age by gender, and content by lesson–length interaction effects, suggesting that the personal and lesson factors influenced caloric expenditure independently. Older male and heavier students burned more calories in all lessons. Students burned more calories in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness lessons than in shorter (30 min) or longer (75–90 min) game or multi-activity lessons.ConclusionsThe hypothesized cross-level interaction was not observed in the data. Caloric expenditure can be optimized in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness development lessons. It can be recommended that schools adopt 45–60 min lesson length and provide skill and fitness development tasks in physical education to maximize caloric expenditure. 相似文献
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研制儿童青少年体育素养测评体系既是我国学校教育和学校体育改革的现实需要,也是发展我国儿童青少年体育综合测评工具的学理需要。分析我国儿童青少年体育素养测评体系的产生背景、构建应用及未来发展。在前期相关研究的基础上,采用德尔菲法针对儿童青少年体育素养测评体系进行构建,23名国内外专家参与并完成专家咨询,形成以体育意识、体育知识、体育行为、体育技能和体质水平为主要维度的测评体系,并计算各维度和指标的具体权重。构建的测评体系已在上海进行初步应用,其是在新时代体教融合背景下进行学生体育综合素质评价、推进学校体育改革的重要举措。从长远看,儿童青少年体育素养测评体系还需要在测评内容、测评应用、测评实施、测评结果、测评推广方面不断完善。 相似文献