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1 问题的提出竞走项目是现代田径运动中惟一由裁判员对运动员技术进行主观判罚的项目 ,多年来 ,裁判问题始终是竞走项目争议的焦点。竞走项目发展史上曾有过 3次因为裁判原因 ,对竞走运动发展造成重大影响 ,甚至使竞走项目几乎失去在奥运会中的地位。从这种意义上说 ,研究竞走定义规则演变与竞走运动现状的关系 ,对竞走项目的国际化生存与普及、对我国竞走项目的进一步发展具有重要的现实意义。2 研究方法2 .1 文献资料调研收集查阅了近 5 0年来的各版田径规则、有关竞走比赛资料以及国内外有关竞走规则、裁判方法、技术分析和训练方法的… 相似文献
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三维定点摄像方法在竞走运动中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
魏统朋 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(9):29-29,52
通过查阅大量竞走运动相关文献资料发现,竞走技术的研究方法主要为平面摄影或摄像,对于竞走技术的深入研究在方法上存在明显不足,而在竞走规则修改后的十多年里,中国竞走运动员的＂小步幅、高步频＂技术受到巨大挑战。为了进一步深入探讨竞走运动技术特征,研究方法必须有所改进,对于竞走关键技术的研究,宜采用三维定点摄像方法,本文对三维定点摄像方法在竞走运动中的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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运用文献资料、数理统计、比较分析和逻辑归纳等研究方法，对1995年竞走世界杯比赛中、外竞走运动员技术进行了全面分析。结果表明：1996年竞走定义的修改对世界竞走运动的发展起到了促进作用，而对中国高步频、小步幅的竞走技术产生了很大的制约作用。 相似文献
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1．对初学竞走运动员的教学与训练
1．1讲解简要讲解竞走运动项目的发展概况，基本技术、竞走技术的定义，规则要求，发展趋势及竞走技术教学顺序和竞走技术的动作要点。 相似文献
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李继辉 《沈阳体育学院学报》2007,26(1):68-70
采用文献资料、问卷调查、立体定点定机摄像与解析、逻辑分析和数理统计等方法,对中国优秀竞走运动员的技术风格和技术动作进行全面分析,以期为教练员、科研人员和运动员提供有益的参考。研究认为:我国优秀男子、女子竞走运动员目前的技术特点仍是在采用高步频的竞走技术风格;我国优秀男子竞走运动员均采用“足踵触地、踝关节背屈”滚动式着地技术,以及后蹬腿脚尖离地技术,符合当今世界竞走运动发展趋势。 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2016,(6):757-763
运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,对影响陕西省青少年竞走项目可持续发展因素进行调查分析。为有效提高陕西省青少年竞走运动水平,确保竞走项目可持续发展提供参考依据。研究结果表明:竞走技术、运动队管理和后备人才是影响陕西省青少年竞走项目可持续发展的重要因素,身体素质、运动员和教练员待遇及社会保险等是主要因素。 相似文献
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运用献资料、常规数理统计、灰色建模、比较分析和逻辑归纳等研究方法，对90年代我国短距离竞走项目的现状进行分析。并阐明：充分利用竞走规则的特殊性所带来的人体生物力学界限标准进行训练和比赛是今后竞走运动发展的趋势；科学的高原训练经验应吸取并需进一步发展；更好地预测运动员赛前工作能力和水平是大赛中取胜的关键；科学地选好材以确保我国在此项目中的优势。 相似文献
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竞走速度是所有关于竞走运动技术和特征研究的首要问题,也是所有竞速项目最终要解决的问题。运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对12运会男子、女子20km前8名运动员的速度特征进行分析,探求中国竞走运动员速度发展的趋势以及存在的问题,为中国竞走运动员参加2015世界田径锦标赛和2016里约奥运会提供参考。 相似文献
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一、竞走运动的现状
竞走运动曾经是我国备战世界大赛的重点项目,中国田径在奥运会上的首枚金牌就是来自竞走项目,但在步入21世纪之后,也就是自王丽萍在悉尼奥运会上夺得女子20公里竞走金牌以后,中国竞走却进入了前所未有的低谷。它作为备战世界大赛的重点项目,尽管投入了极大的人力、 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
范明志 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(1):120-122
以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法. 相似文献