共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
目的： 探讨课外体育活动与1~3年级儿童视力指标及眼部生物特征参数之间的相关性方法： 对1~3年级(6~9岁)252名学生进行裸眼远视力、动态视力、眼轴长度、角膜曲率、前房深度以及体育活动等级量表测量。采用Pearson相关分析、独立样本T检验及单因素方差分析得出年龄、视力、眼部生物特征参数和课外体育活动之间的关系结果： 1~3年级儿童总体近视率为43.6%,各年级儿童裸眼远视力、角膜屈光力随年级增长而降低,眼轴、前房深度及课外体育活动量随年级增长而增加。儿童裸眼远视力与动态视力呈正相关(r=0.356,P＜0.01),与眼轴、前房深度呈负相关(r=-0.380,r=-0.249,P＜0.01)。眼轴与角膜屈光力呈负相关(r=-0.622,P＜0.01),与前房深度、课外体育活动量呈正相关(r=0.550,r=0.233,P＜0.01)。各年级儿童裸眼远视力、眼轴、前房深度、课外体育活动量均有显著差异(P＜0.05)。各年级儿童按不同课外体育活动量进行划分,视力指标和眼部生物特征参数均无显著差异结论： 课外体育活动量与小学1~3年级儿童眼轴呈正相关。随年级增长,课外体育活动量与眼轴长度均出现上升趋势。1~3年级儿童的裸眼远视力、眼轴、课外体育活动量具有显著性差异。课外体育活动不会过早消耗儿童远视储备。 相似文献
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目的：观察体育教学中不同视标呈现时值的睫状肌训练对小学生裸眼远视力和动态视力的影响。方法：将123名小学生随机分为睫状肌训练视标呈现时值1 s组、3 s组、5 s组和对照组并进行32周干预实验,在实验前、中、后分别进行裸眼远视力与动态视力检测。结果：实验后,各实验组的动态视力及裸眼远视力均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);1 s组和3 s组的动态视力和裸眼远视力后测较中测、后测较前测,以及中测较前测均显著性提高(P＜0.05);5 s组的动态视力和裸眼远视力后测较中测,以及后测较前测均显著性提高(P＜0.05);对照组的动态视力后测较前测显著性下降(P＜0.05),裸眼远视力中测较前测以及后测较前测均显著性下降(P＜0.05)。结论：视标呈现1 s、3 s和5 s时值的睫状肌训练,对小学生的动态视力和裸眼远视力有积极影响。在体育教学中采用视标呈现1~3 s时值的睫状肌训练较为科学、合理。 相似文献
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目的： 探究胶板、砂板乒乓球运动对小学六年级学生裸眼远视力(SVA)及动态视力(KVA)的影响,为体育锻炼促进视力健康水平提供参考方法： 选取六年级2个自然班共74名学生作为实验对象,分为胶板乒乓球组和砂板乒乓球组,干预周期32周,采用标准对数视力灯箱、KVA检测仪对被试实验前、中、后测的SVA及KVA进行测试结果： 胶板组和砂板组被试的SVA和KVA均有显著提高(P＜0.05),在实验前、中、后测水平上,胶板组与砂板组的SVA均不存在显著差异(P＞0.05),在实验后测阶段,胶板组与砂板组的KVA具有显著差异(P＜0.05),砂板组后测近视人数显著低于前测(P＜0.05)结论： 胶板与砂板乒乓球运动均能提高六年级学生SVA和KVA。砂板乒乓球运动改善视力健康水平的效果优于胶板乒乓球运动,主要体现在KVA上。胶板乒乓球运动适合轻度视力不良的儿童青少年,砂板乒乓球运动适合重度视力不良的儿童青少年。 相似文献
4.
贺子萱 《体育科技文献通报》2022,(2)
目的:研究低频、中频、高频三种不同频率的振动训练对篮球运动员踝关节本体感觉的影响。方法:在我校招募78例篮球运动员作为受试对象,按照干预方法不同将受试者分为低频组、中频组、高频组和对照组。低频组、高频组各20例,中频组、对照组各19例,干预组29例。对照组进行常规体能训练,低频组在对照组的基础上给予振动频率为20Hz;振动幅度为3mm的振动训练干预;中频组在对照组的基础上给予振动频率为30Hz;振动幅度为3mm的振动训练干预;高频组在对照组的基础上给予振动频率为45Hz;振动幅度为3mm的振动训练干预。10min/次,4次/周,在干预前及干预8周后测量受试者右侧踝关节的位置觉、肌肉力觉和运动觉。结果:组内比较中,干预8周后低频组、中频组、高频组的位置觉、肌肉力觉、运动觉与干预前比较均有显著性差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较中,干预8周后低频组、中频组、高频组的定位角度与复位角度之间误差角度值、目标力矩与复现力矩之间误差值、感觉阈值均显著小于对照组,组间的位置觉、肌肉力觉、运动觉有统计学差异(P<0.05);高频组的位置觉明显优于中频组,肌肉力觉和运动觉明显优于低频组,组间有显著性差异,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:低频、中频、高频三种不同频率的振动训练均能够提高篮球运动员踝关节的位置觉、肌肉力觉和运动觉,从而提高本体感觉,其中以高频振动效果最为显著。 相似文献
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目的:就体育活动对儿童青少年裸眼远视力、动态视力、眼轴长度(AL)和等效球镜度数(SER)变化的影响进行Meta分析,为今后我国儿童青少年的视力健康和体育活动参与提供理论依据。方法:在中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed等数据库中,检索有关体育活动影响儿童青少年近视的中英文干预研究。采用Stata15.1和Revman5.4软件对纳入的结局指标进行分析。结果:共纳入26篇文献,其中19篇含随机干预对照实验研究,9篇含前后测实验研究,共9526名儿童青少年。Meta分析结果显示,体育活动能够有效改善儿童青少年动态视力、提高裸眼远视力、延缓AL变化、抑制SER发展。结论:经常参与体育活动能够有效延缓儿童青少年近视的发生和发展,对动态视力、裸眼远视力、AL和SER都有较为显著的作用。今后应纳入广泛的、高质量研究,进一步进行验证。 相似文献
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目的：探究强化动态视觉任务的开放式运动技能体育锻炼和降低用眼负荷学习方式,以及两种方式相结合的干预对小学六年级学生动态视力(KVA)与裸眼远视力(SVA)的影响。方法：选取苏州市某学校六年级4个自然班学生168人,随机分为降负学习组、体育干预组、混合干预组和常规对照组,通过不同干预方式进行为期16周的实验干预,干预前与干预后测量KVA和SVA。结果：降负学习组学生KVA和SVA较前测均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),学生SVA有所提高;体育干预组学生KVA和SVA较前测均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),学生KVA有所提高;混合干预组学生实验后KVA显著性提高(t=-2.268,P＜0.05),SVA极显著性提高(t=-2.718,P＜0.01);常规对照组学生KVA和SVA较前测均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),且2种视力均呈下降趋势。在性别差异方面,混合干预组女生SVA具有显著性提高(t=-2.368,P＜0.05),常规对照组男生KVA出现极显著下降(t=2.897,P＜0.01)。结论：强化动态视觉任务的开放式运动技能体育锻炼与降低学生用眼负荷学习相结合的方式可以改善六年级学生的KVA和SVA,对学生的视力水平具有积极影响,能够有效延缓儿童近视发展进程。 相似文献
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目的： 从学校、家庭、个人3个层面来探讨体育锻炼影响视力的相关因素方法： 选取1 043名初中生为研究对象,进行问卷调查与测试,利用结构方程模型对数据进行分析与模型构建结果： 在学校因素中,学校决策维度、体育教师行动维度、文化课教师支持维度、学校措施维度均对视力有正向影响,按影响力排列：文化课教师支持维度＞学校措施维度＞学校决策维度＞体育教师行动维度。在家庭因素中,家庭物质维度、家庭理念维度均对视力有正向影响,且家庭理念维度＞家庭物质维度。在个人层面,行为习惯维度、行为意向维度、行为态度维度均对视力有正向影响,按影响力排列：行为习惯维度＞行为意向维度＞行为态度维度结论： 学校、家庭、个人因素均对视力有正向影响,按影响力排列：个人因素＞家庭因素＞学校因素。 相似文献
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目的：探讨整合性神经肌肉训练设计对提高初中生身体素质表现的效果。方法：选择100名年龄14～15岁的初中生为实验对象,对实验组的学生进行为期12周,每周3次,每次15～20分钟的整合性神经肌肉训练,分别在干预前、干预中和干预后进行身体素质测试。结果：训练干预后实验组和对照组成绩都有不同程度提高。结论：体育课堂上采用整合性神经肌肉训练手段能够提高学生身体素质,以及对学生的动作效率和基本技术的掌握有着积极地影响。建议：在训练中改进训练方法,结合多种手段以期能更好提高体育课堂教学效果,同时提高训练效率减少无效的时间和等待。 相似文献
9.
跳绳运动是体能训练之一,但是不同跳绳运动频率在运动训练的效益与人体健康的影响仍有待探讨。利用VICON动作捕捉系统及Kistler测力板撷取受过跳绳运动训练的15位小学生选手的下肢运动学资料及地面反作用力值,并采用重复量数单因子变异数分析检定三种频率跳绳运动各组间的跳跃高度及运动学参数是否有差异,统一显著水平定为α=．05,达显著时再用杜凯氏HSD法做事后比较。在探讨在跳绳运动训练过程中,进行低频组（60±2次／分钟）、中频组（100±2次／分钟）及高频组（140±2次／分钟）跳绳运动,下肢所受到相关力学参数的差异,以及下肢关节运动学变化及下肢劲度对着地策略的影响情形。研究结果表明,不同频率跳绳运动的垂直地面反作用力的最大值、被动冲量、负荷率、下肢劲度及角劲度值以高频组较高;不同频率跳绳运动的动作时间以低频组较多;下肢各关节角度变化量方面膝关节角度变化在中频组有突增现象（p〈05）。建议进行跳绳运动运动时,仍应注意高频率跳跃时垂直地面反作用力对人体的冲击。 相似文献
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目的：比较大强度间歇训练（HIIT）和一般有氧训练（AT）2种训练方法的神经-免疫应答特征差异。方法：以8名一线男子皮艇运动员为研究对象,HIIT和AT各进行2周训练,每周9节训练课,训练量基本保持一致;对两种训练方法前、后的测定指标进行比较。分别在HIIT和AT前、后次日晨6：30安静状态下进行仰卧位短时程5 min心率变异性测试,并在测试结束即刻空腹安静状态下取肘静脉血,用于测量淋巴细胞亚群和血浆儿茶酚胺。结果：2周训练后,AT组和HIIT组心率变异性（HRV）时域指标R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、相邻R-R间期差值均方根（RMSSD）、相邻间期的差值标准差（SDSD）和频域指标总功率（TP）、高频功率（HF）、低频功率（LF）均有不同幅度变化,但均无统计学意义,且AT组和HIIT组间无交互效应;AT组T%、CD8+%和HIIT组B%、CD4+%、CD4+/CD8+均有显著差异,且AT组和HIIT组间B%、CD4+%、CD8+%和CD4+/CD8+有显著交互效应;AT组和HIIT组ADR、NE有不同幅度变化,但均无统计学差异;AT组和HIIT组间NE有显著交互效应。结论：与AT相比,HIIT对免疫系统产生影响更大,但两者对神经系统影响均较小。在竞技体育训练过程中,运动员进行HIIT后,建议及时通过饮食、营养品等手段进行干预,避免运动员出现免疫功能下降的现象。 相似文献
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BackgroundIncreasing caloric expenditure in physical education is considered an effective school-based approach to addressing the child obesity epidemic. This study was designed to determine synergistic influences of student characteristics and lesson factors on caloric expenditure in elementary and middle school physical education.MethodsThe study used a multi-level design. Level-1 factors included personal characteristics: age, gender, and body mass index. Level-2 factors included lesson length, content, and school level. Based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention age–gender adjusted growth chart, students in 87 classes from 14 elementary and 15 middle schools were pre-screened into “Overweight”, “Healthy weight”, or “Thin” groups. One boy and one girl were randomly selected from each group in each class as data providers (264 elementary and 294 middle school students). Caloric expenditure was measured in 243 physical education lessons using accelerometers.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed and hierarchical linear modeling confirmed separate age by body mass index, age by gender, and content by lesson–length interaction effects, suggesting that the personal and lesson factors influenced caloric expenditure independently. Older male and heavier students burned more calories in all lessons. Students burned more calories in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness lessons than in shorter (30 min) or longer (75–90 min) game or multi-activity lessons.ConclusionsThe hypothesized cross-level interaction was not observed in the data. Caloric expenditure can be optimized in 45–60 min sport skill or fitness development lessons. It can be recommended that schools adopt 45–60 min lesson length and provide skill and fitness development tasks in physical education to maximize caloric expenditure. 相似文献
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Abstract In this study, we determined the specificity of a low frequency taekwondo training programme on physical fitness levels in adolescent females who receive limited physical education instruction (i.e. 2 days per week). Major components of physical fitness assessed were: skeletal muscle fitness (hand grip strength, bent arm hang, standing long jump, and isokinetic strength), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), speed and agility (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and cardiovascular fitness ([Vdot]O 2max and 20-m shuttle run). Changes in body composition were also assessed (dual X-ray absorptiometry, DXA). Participants were divided into two groups, a taekwondo training group (n = 21), which trained 50 min a day, 2 days per week for 12 weeks, and a control group (n = 10). Taekwondo training improved isokinetic strength, standing long jump, and sit-and-reach performance. Body fat mass and percent body fat were reduced. No changes in grip strength, bent arm hang time, speed and agility, or cardiorespiratory fitness were observed. Results indicate that low frequency taekwondo training in adolescent females produces beneficial changes in skeletal muscle fitness, flexibility, and body composition in a relatively short period of time. Consequently, this specific type of training can be useful to female adolescents in structured school environments where physical education classes are limited and there is little free time for physical activity. 相似文献
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James H. Widdop 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):752-755
Abstract Sixty male college freshman physical education students were randomly assigned into three groups. For a period of 24 weeks each group carried out a different training program, one of which was a basic ballet training program. At the completion of the training session the groups were given a series of seven test items. Analysis of variance techniques showed a significant difference between the groups in four of the test items. The group which followed the ballet training program achieved higher mean scores on all seven of the test items. 相似文献
14.
目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征，为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生，共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力），并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05），8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05），开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响，且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。 相似文献
15.
目的：研究附加体育锻炼对肥胖大学生的作用,建立有效的体育锻炼方式作为控制大学生肥胖的有效策略,以期减少肥胖对健康和社会的长期影响。方法：50名18-19岁正德职业技术学院健康男性肥胖学生,随机分为控制组（n=25）和运动组（n=25）,两组均参加学校每周两次的体育课,运动组附加一个为期12周,每周3次的混合有氧训练和力量训练的综合锻炼计划。在实验前后对50名学生的体成分、血清C反应蛋白和血脂进行分析。结果：实验结束后,控制组的体重明显高于运动组,且BMI指数没有显著性变化;运动组的体成分、血清C反应蛋白和血脂均得到显著改善。结论：一周两次的高校体育课程对控制大学生肥胖无效;而该附加体育锻炼计划对控制大学生肥胖具有较好的效果。 相似文献
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P. Chelladurai S. E. Inglis K. E. Danylchuk 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):74-79
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 15-week aerobic activity program on the total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels of 25 high school students, ages 14–17 years (experimental group = 14, control group = 11). Participants in the activity program exercised 4 days per week in a specially designed physical education class, while the control group participated in the regular physical education program. Results of the analysis of covariance found significant reductions in TC in the training group (control group Adj M = 190.2 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 173.1 mg/dl, p > .05), but no significant changes in HDL-C (control group Adj M = 49.8 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 50 mg/dl). While the exercise program appeared to have a beneficial effect on TC in 12 of 14 participants (86%), HDL-C also dropped in 12 of 14 participants (86%). 相似文献
17.
Brian D. Dauenhauer Xiaofen D. Keating 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):512-520
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the role of physical education in shaping physical activity patterns. Seventy-one Hispanic and African American elementary students participated in the study. Students attended one 30- and one 60-min physical education class weekly. Pedometer steps were used to estimate physical activity. Data suggest that students did not engage in enough physical activity on a daily basis to incur health benefits. There were significant step differences in 0-, 30-, and 60-min physical education days, with the most steps occurring on 60-min days. Results from the study suggest physical education may be an important source of physical activity for Hispanic and African American students, especially girls, and may influence participation in physical activity outside of class. 相似文献
18.
The present study assessed the effects of training using electrostimulation of muscle (EMS) on the torque‐angular velocity and torque‐angle relationships, and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the triceps surae. Twelve physical education students, divided into two groups (6 control, 6 experimental), participated in the experiment. The EMS sessions were undertaken using a ‘Compex‐type’ stimulator. Flexible elastomer electrodes were used. The current used discharged pulses lasting for 200 μs at a frequency of 70 Hz. The durations of contraction and rest were 5 and 15 s, respectively. The session lasted for 10 min for each muscle. The training regimen was three sessions per week for 4 weeks. Biomechanical tests were performed with the Biodex (Biodex Corporation, Shirley, NY, USA) isokinetic ergometer. Plantar flexions of the ankle over a concentric range of voluntary contractions were performed at different angular velocities (1.05, 2.10, 3.14, 4.20, 5.23 and 6.28 rad s‐1) and maximum voluntary isometric contractions were held for 5 s at several ankle flexion angles (–30°, –15°, 0° and 15°; 0° corresponds to foot flexion of 90° relative to the leg axis). The peak value of the torque was recorded. Morphological tests consisted of measuring the CSA of the triceps surae on the right leg, 15 cm below the tibial protuberance, by a computerized tomography technique. The torque‐velocity relationship was seen to shift significantly upwards after EMS training. The increase in the isometric torque observed after EMS training was greater in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion. No change was noted in the CSA of the muscle. It appears that the increase in strength following EMS training is not related to an increase in the contractile matter. These observations show that EMS training for 4 weeks develops dynamic and static contractile properties of the muscle. Neural mechanisms may account for these adaptations. 相似文献
19.
上海市部分中学体育教学中学生的成就取向 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对中学生成就取向的现状进行了深入分析，研究结果表明：上海市中学生体育课成就取向以任务定向为主，对体育课的积极情绪体验远高于消极情绪体验；高中学生的体育课成就动机和积极情绪体验与初中学生相比均呈下降趋势；中学生体育课任务定向水平和体育课积极情绪体验水平与课余体育锻炼频率呈正相关关系。有一半以上中学生的体育课任务定向水平和体育课积极情绪体验水平尚不足以对他们的体育锻炼行为产生足够的激活力量；经常参加课余体育活动，尤其是课余体育锻炼，可提高运动技能水平，加强学生与体育教师的交流和相互了解，有利于体育课任务定向水平和体育课积极情绪体验水平的提高， 相似文献
20.
Concerns of Teachers about Implementing Individualized Instruction in the Physical Education Setting
Claudia Jane Knowles 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):48-57
Abstract Teacher concerns about individualized physical education were measured by the Stages of Concern (SoC) questionnaire developed at The University of Texas Research and Development Center. Data were collected immediately before and just following a replicable, seven-week, client-centered, field-based inservice training program involving 15 physical education teachers. A case study approach was used to report group and selected individual concerns profiles. The results of this study indicated that while change is a difficult and time-consuming process, it can be facilitated by trainers focusing on individual teacher's needs and concerns. 相似文献