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论高水平运动员的激励原则 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张忠秋 《上海体育学院学报》1994,18(2):7-13
在对高水平运动员激励的概念与本质等理论问题探讨的基础上,论述了高水平运动员激励的原则:精神激励根本性原则;物质激励同步性原则;及时促进需求体系发展性原则;激励价值公平性原则;激励内容系统性原则;伦理道德可接受性原则。 相似文献
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在运动队管理中,对运动员的激励是为了达到训练和竞赛目标而对运动员施加影响的过程,即通过物质或精神刺激激发运动员的动机,使运动员在内在动力的驱使下朝向期望的目标努力的过程。介绍了激励的相关概念和理论,对运动队的管理(主要指激励模式)与运动员的需要的关系进行了分析,并对中外运动队中的激励研究的现状进行了述评,有针对性的提出一些有效的激励运动员的措施和激励的模式或原则,希望能对运动队的运动员管理提供一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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在高校田径教学中,要想学生取得成绩的突破,不仅需要加强学生的体育训练,还需要精神上的激励。本文对激励理论的概念概述,讨论激励理论在大学生田径运动训练中的作用,并分析如何在大学生田径运动训练中采用激励理论,希望大学生在田径比赛中取得佳绩。 相似文献
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分析了体育组织与激励的内涵,以及我国现有体育组织中激励的现状与存在的问题,结合我国的实际,提出未来体育组织中激励的发展趋势:第一,激励将具有更大的挑战性和风险性;第二,从静态激励转向动态激励;第三,从一般员工激励转向高层管理者激励;第四,激励将更加本土化并符合体育组织自身的特点。 相似文献
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体操激励机制,分别包括兴趣激励、动机激励、情感激励、情绪激励、评价激励等多种激励机制,在运用的过程中,要注意激励语言的艺术性和激励时机的准确性。 相似文献
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体育教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术.体育教学艺术是对体育教师综合素质的高度概括和体现,特别是在我国全面推行和实施素质教育的今天则显得更加重要.体育教学艺术的构成包括诸多方面,我们所要讨论和探索的是体育教学中的激励艺术.因为,"教学的艺术不在于传授的本领,而在于激励、唤醒、鼓舞".激励是调动人们积极性、主动性和创造性的重要手段.体育教学中的激励艺术尤为重要,因学习体育的知识、技术和技能需要激励;启发思维、开发智力也需要激励;培养勇猛顽强、敢于拼搏的意志品质更需要激励.体育教师必须掌握教学中激励学生的方法与技巧,建立一套教学激励机制,努力提高体育教学艺术水平. 相似文献
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运动员心理激励的依据、途径与机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人们常说 ,培养运动员“三分靠训练 ,七分在管理”。所谓管理 ,其根本目的在于调动运动员的自觉性与积极性。心理学中指激发人的动机的心理激励过程。心理激励 ,就是在某种内部或外部刺激的影响或作用下 ,使人的心理始终维持一种兴奋、能动状态 ,激发出一种高昂的工作、学习和训练热情。因而 ,在运动员管理中 ,适当地运用心理激励 ,充分地调动其训练的积极性与创造性 ,这不仅是教练员的分内之举 ,也是其管理能力和领导艺术的集中体现。1 运动员心理激励的理论依据1 1 应用“工作绩效取决于能力与激励”的观点 ,深刻认识心理激励的重要性… 相似文献
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人力资本产权与人力资本激励 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
邹一南 《徐州教育学院学报》2007,22(3):70-73
人力资本的概念于上世纪60年代由舒尔茨提出,而人力资本的逻辑则始终在人类历史发展进程中客观地存在着并一直发挥着对人的激励作用。文章在对人力资本产权及其特性加以界定的基础上,回溯了人力资本激励的历史发展进程,讨论了基于人力资本产权理论的现代人力资本激励机制。 相似文献
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对运动员体育道德观念的表征进行研究初探。依据激活扩散模型,采用＂体育道德＂一词作为刺激,让100名运动员被试进行自由联想,选100个高频词汇（概念）作为分析单位,基于亲疏程度实施系统聚类分析。研究结果发现,运动员群体从五个方面来表征体育道德的概念,即品质行为、团结态度、公平环境、文明、伦理规范。这一结果将对＂体育道德＂概念的确立有重要的启发意义。 相似文献
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随着市场经济的确立和体育管理体制改革的深入,培育、开发体育市场,促进体育产业的发展已成为共识.但目前的研究多从政府的角度,分析政府在政策制定、市场主体培育、市场环境规范等方面对体育市场发展所起的作用.本文从企业营销的视角来界定体育市场,分析体育企业如何识别、激发并满足体育消费需求,促成体育消费行为,实现体育市场开发,并针对我国体育企业市场开发中的问题,提出相应的建议和对策. 相似文献
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Charles H. Shea John B. Krampitz Homer Tolson Alan A. Ashby Rose M. Howard William S. Husak 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):86-99
Abstract The present experiments examined the effects of stimulus velocity, stimulus duration, and stimulus uncertainty on the spatial-temporal structure and timing accuracy of coincident timing responses. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that the response structure for aimed movements differed from that of ballistic movements but response accuracy was comparable for both movement conditions. However, when information concerning the stimulus velocity was provided, the responses to the faster stimuli (i.e., stimuli of shorter duration) appeared to be “speeded up” copies of those to slower stimuli and response accuracy increased as the stimulus velocity increased (i.e., stimulus duration decreased). When the stimulus velocity was not known, subjects initiated a common response for approximately 260 msec and response accuracy appeared to decrease as the stimulus velocity increased (i.e., stimulus duration decreased). Experiment 2 indicated that the stimulus duration rather than the stimulus velocity was the major determiner of both the spatial-temporal structure and timing accuracy and that a very fast and a very slow stimulus will be responded to similarly when the stimulus duration remains constant. 相似文献
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Abstract It is well documented that simple reaction time (RT) varies inversely with stimulus intensity, but there is disagreement as to which stimulus modality produces the fastest simple RT. An investigation was conducted to equate two stimulus modalities, auditory (A) and electrocutaneous (EC), using varying stimulus intensities in a simple RT protocol. A second investigation was then conducted to examine neuromotor characteristics of stimulus-evoked responses using previously equated A and EC stimuli of varying intensity from the first investigation. Results showed that RT, premotor time (PMT), and motor time (MT) were all inversely related to stimulus intensity, while maximum displacement (MAXD) was directly related to stimulus intensity, and movement time was not affected by stimulus intensity. We conclude that: (a) both central and peripheral components of RT are altered by varying stimulus intensities, and (b) rapid movements are enhanced by increasing stimulus intensity. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):130-138
Abstract This study investigated stimulus velocity effect on manual asymmetry during planning and execution of a complex coincidence-anticipation task. Left- and right-handers were required to press six buttons sequentially in conjunction with visual stimulus provided by a coincidence-anticipation device. Results showed that (1) stimulus velocity affected timing response and timing accuracy only for right-handers, who responded faster but less accurately in the fast stimulus velocity, (2) manual asymmetries for both handedness groups revealed a left-hand advantage for initiating the movement, and a preferred-hand advantage for movement time. The preferred-hand advantage in timing accuracy was only observed in the fast stimulus velocity. These findings are discussed in the framework of the hemispheric functional lateralisation. 相似文献
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John S. Harrison 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):590-600
Abstract When the response movements are as short and simple as possible, the time lag between stimulus and response for one movement is shortened by introducing the stimulus for a second movement during the latent period for the first (usually about .22 sec). Under these conditions the latent period of the second movement is increased about 25 percent. This does not seem to be caused by true psychological refractoriness, since ability to accept the second stimulus and respond to it is still present. A control experiment furnishes evidence that it is probably a foreperiod-expectancy phenomenon. The length of the response latency of a simple single movement is increased about 40 percent if conditions are altered so that a second stimulus requiring a second movement is expected some time within a half-second after the first stimulus. All of these results are consistent with the recent memory drum theory of neuromotor response. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):559-566
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exercise intensity on coincidence anticipation timing [CAT] performance at different stimulus speeds. Fourteen young adults (11 males and 3 females) volunteered to participate in the study following ethical approval. After familiarisation, coincidence anticipation was measured using the Bassin Anticipation Timer under three conditions: rest, moderate-intensity and high-intensity exercise with stimulus speeds of 3, 5 and 8 mph, set using an incremental running protocol until the participants reached a steady state of 70% and 90% of heart rate reserve (HRR), respectively. Results indicated a significant exercise intensity×stimulus speed interaction (p=0.0001) for absolute error (AE). There were no significant differences in AE across exercise intensities at a stimulus speed of 3 mph (p>0.05). AE was poorer during high-intensity exercise (90% HRR) compared to rest (p=0.022), and moderate-intensity (70% HRR) exercise (all, p=0.004 or better) at 5 and 8 mph. Variable error (VE) was similar across exercise intensities at stimulus speeds of both 3 and 5 mph (p>0.05). At a stimulus speed of 8 mph, VE was significantly poorer during high-intensity exercise compared to rest (p=0.006) and moderate-intensity exercise (p=0.008). There were no significant differences for constant error (p>0.05) across exercise intensities or stimulus speeds. High-intensity exercise is associated with poorer CAT performance. However, stimulus speed plays a key role within this association where faster stimulus speeds were associated with a more marked decrease in coincidence anticipation performance. 相似文献
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不同频率全身振动刺激对运动员下肢肌群力量训练效果的对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用PHYSIO PLATE振动训练台,对北京优秀垒球、女子游泳及女子跳水运动员进行同振幅下不同频率振动刺激力量训练,并采用MERAC等速肌力测试系统,对实验前后以及实验中运动员下肢肌力变化情况进行对比研究。研究发现,抗负荷力量训练附加振动刺激可以有效地提高力量训练的效果,能够以相对较小的负荷有效地提高肌肉的最大力量、爆发力以及肌肉耐力;同振幅下,次高频(35Hz～50Hz)振动刺激对肌肉最大力量、快速力量、爆发力以及肌肉耐力的训练效果显著高于中低频(25Hz～35Hz)振动刺激。 相似文献
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This study used a backward-masking paradigm to examine individual differences in rate of visual information processing among university basketball, ice hockey and Canadian football players. Displays containing four letters were presented for stimulus durations ranging from 25 to 300 ms. Following stimulus offset, a masking stimulus was presented for 200 ms. The subjects were instructed to write down as many letters as possible from the briefly presented stimulus display on a specially prepared response grid. The results indicated consistent individual differences in rate of visual information processing. More importantly, it was found that rate of visual information processing as indexed by the backward-masking technique, has promising validity for predicting general performance excellence in university ice hockey and basketball players. Individual differences in rate of visual information processing were interpreted as reflecting the operation of attentional factors. 相似文献
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运动员注意力研究的现状与未来方向 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
介绍了近十多年来国外研究者对影响运动员注意力集中的外部刺激（听觉与视觉刺激）以及注意过程的调节等方面研究的主要成果，并讨论了这些研究的未来方向。 相似文献