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1.
While open innovation provides a new paradigm to sustain a firm’s competitive advantage, opening up to external knowledge also entails substantial risks of appropriation and opportunism. Building on this “open paradox” framework, this study investigates whether societal trust—a key aspect of informal cultural norms—serves as an effective mechanism in improving relational governance among partners, thereby leading to better collaborative outcomes. Using a novel panel data on co-owned patents across 29 countries, we show that firms in high trust countries are able to produce a higher level of joint output (i.e., co-owned patents). This effect is more pronounced when perceived opportunism is higher (i.e., firms in high-tech industries, or in countries with less disclosure transparency), and when formal contracts are less enforceable (i.e., in countries with relatively weak legal systems). We further show that open innovation is the channel through which societal trust promotes innovative efficiency. Overall, our study establishes societal trust as a key factor in influencing the efficiency of open innovation. 相似文献
2.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):366-368
Although many of the institutions which make up the modern economy pour out data which they hope will be used by consumers in their decision on what to consume, consumers still are regarded by some commentators as ‘ignorant’ when they make those decisions. Two main reasons are postulated, involving the cost of search and requirements for efficient data management. The policy implications are then assessed and the need for leadership in consumer information policy expressed. Finally, the way higher education can help fill the policy gap is briefly explored. 相似文献
3.
赵金蕊 《科学．经济．社会》2012,30(2):79-83
在当代社会经济生活中,消费无时无刻、无所不在,人们花费越来越多的时间、精力投入到消费活动中,不同阶层、不同群体的消费者也都卷入到消费活动中.由于工业革命、零售业革命以及媒介革命的相继兴起和影响,消费者获得了消费的主导权、选择权和自由权,消费已经成为一种日常生活方式,成为一个身份认同和符号象征的体系,成为人们自我展示和进行社会交流的平台.随着社会的进步,分散的消费者群体还将利用各种新技术以及发达的市场经济,完善自己的消费模式.这就是消费民主化的产生以及层层推进的结果,它势必导致一种新的消费秩序的建立. 相似文献
4.
考虑消费者对新能源汽车的续航能力需求和企业的创新能力,建立包含产业链上下游企业的技术创新决策模型,研究了分散决策和一体化决策两种决策方式,分析续航能力需求和企业的创新能力对电池供应商和汽车生产企业研发决策的影响,并设计了可以使产业链协同创新的机制,为产业链协同创新提供参考。结果表明：企业的创新能力和消费者的续航能力需求交互影响新能源汽车的续航能力；一体化决策可以实现产业链收益最大化,更能促进新能源汽车续航里程的提升和产业链的发展；创新成本分摊机制和创新补贴机制满足一定的条件就可以实现产业链一体化决策。 相似文献
5.
节能降碳技术的推广涉及政府和企业等多方主体博弈。为探究“双碳目标”下各级政府与高耗能企业之间的博弈关系,本文构建了高耗能企业、地方政府以及中央政府的三方演化博弈模型,并进行数值仿真,探讨了三方主体在节能降碳工作中的策略选择。研究发现：①在影响企业是否选择使用节能技术的众多因素中,节能降碳技术的使用成本和降碳效率起着最为关键的作用;②在使用碳税政策促进企业降碳的过程中,补贴设置过高或过低都会对政策效果产生消极影响;③提高地方政府对碳税收入的共享比例可以保障其对当地企业的监管力度;④主体选择某种策略的初始概率不会影响博弈的结果。同时针对性地提出了政策建议：首先,应围绕使用成本和降碳效率两个关键因素,加大绿色技术的研发力度;其次,征收碳税的同时应分行业进行差异性补贴发放;最后,因地制宜地保障地方政府对碳税收入的共享比例。 相似文献
6.
交通运输行业碳排放是城市碳排放的主要来源,其中传统燃油车向电动汽车的转型是减少碳排放的重要举措。本文基于创新技术应用对电动汽车能量转化效率、轻量化以及行驶里程提升的定量分析结果,以广东省乘用车市场为主体,分析了到2025年电动汽车创新技术应用的碳减排潜力。分析结果表明电动汽车的创新技术应用对于碳减排有着积极影响,考虑2020~2025年广东省新增纯电动乘用车普及应用创新技术及结合创新运营模式,可累计减少CO2排放量310 814t。最后从优化电力生产结构、创新技术推广、充电基础设施建设和政策支撑等方面提出了推广电动汽车创新技术发展、发掘碳减排潜力的对策与建议。 相似文献
7.
Relative efficiency of R&D activities: A cross-country study accounting for environmental factors in the DEA approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper applies the production framework associated with the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the relative efficiency of R&D activities across countries. R&D capital stocks and manpower are treated as inputs while patents and academic publications are considered as outputs. A three-stage approach, which involves using DEA for evaluating efficiency and using Tobit regressions for controlling the external environment, is applied to 30 countries in recent years. The results show that less than one-half of the countries are fully efficient in R&D activities and that more than two-thirds are at the stage of increasing returns to scale. Most countries have a more significant advantage in producing SCI cum EI publications than in generating patents. 相似文献
8.
Hadoop中的HDFS是大数据存储处理的关键技术,HDFS在存储海量数据集中有着高效、可靠的优点。为解决图书馆传统关系型数据库在海量数据存储和访问效率中存在的瓶颈问题,本文提出了一种基于Hadoop的图书馆复合大数据存储系统。该复合大数据存储系统能够满足图书馆大数据存储需求,提高大数据存储效率,可高效保障图书馆大数据决策的需求。 相似文献
9.
提出建设项目决策中的工期—成本—碳排放平衡问题,并建立多目标决策模型,提出求解算法。提出的改进自适应性混和遗传算法可求解该多目标优化问题,设计单点交叉和变异的修复式策略来避免不可行解的产生。通过锦屏二级水电建设项目的案例说明模型和算法的有效性和合理性,通过灵敏度分析以及与其他算法的比较说明该优化方法的高效性、灵活性和适应性。结果表明,降低待工时间、提高使用效率是降低碳排放的关键因素,揭示碳排放和成本、进度间的变化机理;结果可产生多个帕累托最优解;决策者可根据三个目标的偏好选择最终方案。 相似文献
10.
Matthew S. Clancy 《Research Policy》2018,47(1):252-265
I develop a model of innovation where new technologies are combinations of pre-existing technological components. The model captures two opposing forces. The best ideas are used up (knowledge is exhaustible). However, as firms learn which technologies can be combined, new ideas become feasible (knowledge accumulates). I test the model with more than 80 years of US patent data. Technological components are proxied by 13,517 patent office technology classifications. These are reused and recycled in 10,000 distinct three-component sets. Consistent with a learning/fishing-out dynamic, I show patenting in one set of components is correlated with a subsequent increase in similar patents (sharing two of three components), but a subsequent decrease in identical patents (sharing all three components). I use patent renewal data to show my results are not driven by changes in demand for various technology bundles. My results suggest the positive impact of learning on subsequent patenting is larger than the negative impact of fishing out. 相似文献
11.
Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
David J. Teece 《Research Policy》1986,15(6)
This paper attempts to explain why innovating firms often fail to obtain significant economic returns from an innovation, while customers, imitators and other industry participants benefit Business strategy — particularly as it relates to the firm's decision to integrate and collaborate — is shown to be an important factor. The paper demonstrates that when imitation is easy, markets don't work well, and the profits from innovation may accrue to the owners of certain complementary assets, rather than to the developers of the intellectual property. This speaks to the need, in certain cases, for the innovating firm to establish a prior position in these complementary assets. The paper also indicates that innovators with new products and processes which provide value to consumers may sometimes be so ill positioned in the market that they necessarily will fail. The analysis provides a theoretical foundation for the proposition that manufacturing often matters, particularly to innovating nations. Innovating firms without the requisite manufacturing and related capacities may die, even though they are the best at innovation. Implications for trade policy and domestic economic policy are examined. 相似文献
12.
基于超效率DEA的我国钢铁产业能源效率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在全要素能源效率框架下,建立超效率DEA模型,计算了我国钢铁产业2002～2008年间的能源效率,衡量了企业的节能空间,同时测算了我国钢铁产业2002～2008年间效率的变迁过程。结果显示:首先,自2007年以来我国钢铁产业平均能源效率有所提升,企业之间效率差距较大;其次,钢铁产业的节能潜力巨大,在现有技术水平下,平均每年能源消耗仍有20%左右的可降空间;进一步,我国钢铁产业能源效率提升主要源于技术效率的提升而非技术进步,这反映了整个产业能源效率差距在缩小但缺乏技术创新动力。 相似文献
13.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104396
We draw on information risk theory and paradox theory to examine the additive and combined effects of disclosing exploration and exploitation information on cost of equity capital. We build on theory that presupposes that the information disclosed by a firm about its innovation activities will reduce information risk of investors. However, we contend that disclosure of exploration and exploitation innovation activities could convey potentially paradoxical expectations about a firm's future value. Based on longitudinal data of the UK FTSE 350 firms from 2011–2016, we show that firms tend to disclose more information related to exploration than exploitation. However, the bulk of market benefits are driven by exploitation rather than exploration disclosures—except for R&D-active firms that are rewarded for exploration disclosure. We also find that the combined disclosure is negatively associated with cost of equity capital, with the sub-population of R&D-active firms particularly accruing synergies from combined disclosure of both exploration and exploitation. These findings suggest that the market differentiates between exploration and exploitation information in addressing information risk, more so than previously assumed. We discuss implications for information-type-dependency in information-risk theory, the outward projection of internal paradoxes, capital market valuations of disclosure by R&D-active firms, opportunity-seeking by large publicly listed corporations, and policy implications. 相似文献
14.
中国能源消费增长趋势分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
中国是世界上最大的能源消费国家之一，中国的能源消费及其增长趋势不仅决定着本国能源生产和供应格局的变化，而且也深刻地影响着全球能源生产和供应格局的变化。增长趋势分析表明，中国能源消费行为总体上保持着与其他国家相一致的特征。然而，最近10年来中国的能源消费行为出现某种失常。究其原因，最大可能在于统计数据的失真。 相似文献
15.
In this study, the under-examined area of privacy perception and protection on Chinese social media is investigated. The prevalence of digital technology shapes the social, political and cultural aspects of the lives of urban young adults. The influential Chinese social media platform WeChat is taken as a case study, and the ease of connection, communication and transaction combined with issues of commercialisation and surveillance are discussed in the framework of the privacy paradox. Protective behaviour and tactics are examined through different perceptions of privacy in the digital age. The findings of this study suggest that users possess certain amount of freedoms on WeChat. However, users’ individual privacy attitudes and behaviour in practice suggest they have a declined sense of their own freedom and right to privacy. A privacy paradox exists when users, while holding a high level of concerns, in reality do little to further the protection of their personal information on WeChat. We argue that once a user has ingrained part of their social engagement within the WeChat system, the incentive for them to remain a part of the system outweighs their requirement to secure their privacy online as their decision-making is largely based on a simple cost-benefit analysis. The power and social capital yielded via WeChat is too valuable to give up as WeChat is widely used not only for private conversations, but also for study or work-related purposes. It further blurs the boundaries between the public, the professional and the private, which is a rather unique case compared with other social media around the world. 相似文献
16.
The effect of financial constraints, absorptive capacity and complementarities on the adoption of multiple process technologies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jaime Gomez 《Research Policy》2009,38(1):106-119
This paper investigates the factors affecting the multiple adoption of new process technologies in manufacturing. We focus our attention on the effect of both financial resources and absorptive capacity on the decision to introduce the technology. We argue in favour of a negative effect of financial constraints and provide reasons for a differential effect of internal and external R&D on innovation adoption. Additionally, the methodology allows us to consider the possible complementarities arising when firms adopt several new process technologies. Our results show that financial constraints are dependent on the technology analyzed, whereas only internal R&D investments are strong predictors of adoption. We are also able to present evidence that the three technologies analyzed (numerically controlled machines, computer aided design and robotics) are, to some extent, complementary. 相似文献
17.
制度悖论产业链信息化密度与企业研发联盟倾向 《科学学研究》2017,35(7):995-1003
利用世界银行针对中国企业的最新微观企业数据库,对制度环境、产业链信息化密度影响企业研发联盟决策的内在机理进行了实证检验,并基于企业间声誉视角考察了产业链信息化密度在其中的中介调节作用。研究发现：当下企业研发联盟决策行为中存在“制度悖论”现象,即制度环境对研发联盟倾向具有一定的抑制作用;整体及分环节产业链信息化密度均能够对企业研发联盟倾向起到积极影响,且从边际效应来看,上游环节信息化密度的边际影响效应相对较大;进一步研究发现,产业链信息化密度有助于企业间声誉机制的发挥,进而能够在企业研发联盟决策中的“制度悖论”现象中起到显著的负向中介调节作用。 相似文献
18.
定期根据各省、市、自治区的节能减排效率以及相关的公平标准对减排责任进行重新分配,一是可以激励各省、市、自治区提高节能减排效率,二是对碳排放额分配的政策推行也更具可行性。本文构建了多目标导向的DEA模型解决这个问题,该模型在6个硬性目标约束下,分四个步骤分别解决4个求解的软性目标：最大化期望总产出、最小化非期望总排放、最小化资源投入和各
19.
基于两阶段关联DEA模型的企业效率研究——以财产保险公司为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文提出了一种基于两阶段DEA的企业效率评价方法,将决策单元的复杂生产过程分为前后相续的两个子过程,在考虑子过程之间关联关系的基础上,建立两阶段关联DEA效率评价模型,进行企业效率分解和评价。关联DEA模型克服了传统的独立DEA模型的缺点,可为决策单元改进绩效提供更加充分的信息。以21家财产保险公司为样本的实证分析指出了非有效公司效率低下的原因和需要改进的领域。实证结果表明中资财产保险公司在营销方面比外资公司较有效率,但盈利能力效率低于外资财产保险公司。根据效率评价结果本文构建了一个效率矩阵,将样本财产保险公司分为四类,针对不同类型的公司提出了相应的绩效改进策略和建议。 相似文献
20.
依据产业演化观点,将新能源汽车视为是在原有交通运输体系中出现的利基,探究社会技术体系的转变和产业政策的保护性作用对新能源汽车利基演化的影响。研究结果表明,在利基层次上,存在着新能源汽车技术利基向市场利基的演化过程,且技术利基宽度与市场利基宽度显著正相关。在社会技术体系层次上,一方面产业政策所形成的保护性空间有助于新能源汽车技术转化,另一方面反映社会技术转变的因素对新能源汽车利基的形成具有显著影响,其中新能源汽车产销比和废气治理投入与市场利基的形成负相关,而燃油价格、消费者购买力和基础设施建设水平与市场利基的形成正相关。据此提出根据产业演化阶段和层次设计产业政策的思路和方案。 相似文献