共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
蔡联炳 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2001,39(3):248-259
根据植物类群的地理分布与系统发育相统一的原理，本文讨论了以礼草属的分布中心、起源地、
起源时间和现代分布格局的形成。以礼草属全世界约26种、6变种，隶属于3个组，主要分布于中国，哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗和伊朗也有分布。其中，中国的青藏高原汇聚了该属的大多数种类，且不同等级和演化水平的类群均集居于此，使其成为该属的现代分布中心；而该属的原始类群、以及与原始类群很近缘的鹅观草属却分布在这一中心之外的天山地区，加之天山地区自新生代的晚第三纪再次抬升以来，具备了以礼草属发生和繁衍的自然条件，因而天山地区很可能就是该属的起源地，起源时间也可能在晚第三纪或第四纪初。以礼草属自天山起源后，扩散的途径大概有3条，其中西南向途径和东南向途径从东、西两侧侵入青藏高原，在青藏高原得到极度发展，并随着高原的继续隆起，进一步衍生出最高级的类群短穗组，从而形成了以礼草属现今的分布格局。 相似文献
2.
首次全面论述了全世界黄华属(豆科)植物地理。黄华属是豆科少数几个东亚-北美间断分布属之一。对黄华属5组21种的分布进行了分析,发现本属4个频度分布中心依次是：东亚地区(8种／3组,其中特有种4种),伊朗-土兰地区(7种／3组,其中特有种3种),落基山地区(7种／2组,均为特有种)及大西洋北美地区(3种／1组,均为特有种)。基于以下事实：在东亚地区存在本属最多的组与种;在此区可以见到黄华属系统发育系列;该属最原始的组种及最进化的组种也在该区出现等,可以认为东亚地区是该属的现代分布中心及分化中心。伊朗-土兰地区(中亚东部至喜马拉雅)及落基山地区所含种、组数仅次于东亚地区,而且多倍体现象多发生于这两区,因此可认为是本属的次生分布中心及分化中心。在此二地区,物种分化较活跃且复杂,先后描述了很多新种和变种,也曾进行过较多的归并处理。最近的分子生物学证据不断揭示,在这地区曾被归并的一些分类群存在着较大不同,从而提醒分类学家对年轻区系中物种分化较活跃的类群进行分类处理时,无论是建新分类群还是对某些类群进行归并,应持谨慎态度。作者根据黄华属植物的现代地理分布、形态演化趋势、现有的化石及地质历史资料,推测黄华属植物在中新世之前早已形成,并且在晚第三纪欧亚大陆与北美大陆失去陆地连接之前在两大陆已经存在,很可能是于早第三纪或晚白垩纪在劳亚古陆上起源于一个含羽扇豆生物碱的古槐成员。两大陆分离后,在不同的成种因子的影响下,形成了各自的演化格局：在亚洲,晚第三纪的喜马拉雅造山运动、古地中海消失及第四纪冰川作用引起的旱化、寒化,促进了该属植物的强烈分化;而在北美,第四纪的冰川作用及局部的山体隆起,可能是促进该属植物演化的主要动力。根据黄华属植物的系统演化趋势及原始类群的分布式样分析,东亚地区的中国-日本亚区可能是本属植物的原始类型中心。 相似文献
3.
4.
报道了青藏高原地区的点地梅属Androsace L.及羽叶点地梅属Pomatosace Maxim.共14种29个居群的ITS与trnL-F DNA序列各27与25条；并结合已报道相关种类的有关序列，构建了“点地梅群”的分子系统发育树。研究发现“点地梅群”的4个属为一单系类群，含有两个稳定的分支：一支全部由点地梅属的种类组成，另一支分别由羽叶点地梅属、Douglasia Lindley、Vitaliana Sesler和9种点地梅属植物组成；点地梅属裂叶组sect. Samuelia Schlechtd.的3个种与点地梅组sect. Androsace的2个种在3套序列分析中位于不同的系统位置。各分支基部的种都分布在中国东南部及青藏高原东部，分子地理标记的结果支持形态学提出该地区为“点地梅群”植物起源地的假设。从青藏高原东部地区向欧洲及其他北半球地区存在不同时期内多个进化支的多次扩散。粗略的时间估算表明该群植物可能是在第三纪的中新世以来才开始发生的。垫状种类分别在青藏高原和欧洲独立起源，而在青藏高原地区的分化要早于在欧洲的分化，在前一地区可能与青藏高原自中新世开始发生的造山运动、形成高海拔的山地有关，而在后一地区则是与第三纪末至第四纪的冰期气候反复波动有关。垫状植物在青藏高原上的大规模分布则可能较晚，与冰期结束后全新世晚期气候再次变冷有关。一些物种种内的遗传分化也可能部分反映了气候来回波动中它们在高原上的退缩和再扩张过程 相似文献
5.
中国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属的现代生态地理分布及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1．我国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属，主要分布于我国东南部、南部和西南
部，大约相当于我国亚热带常绿阔叶林带的范围。其垂直分布一般在海拔100—
1800米之间，少数属可达2800米，但不逾越海拔3000米。
2．我国松杉类特有属分布地区的水热条件，大致为年平均温度在10℃-20℃之间，绝对最低温度为-6.3℃——11.3℃，
年降水量一般在2000毫米左右。土壤pH 4．0—5．5之间，呈酸性反应。
3．我国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属数约占全世界松杉类特有属数的37.5%，是世界上最丰富、分布最为集中的地区。这些属的化石出现于晚白垩纪或第三纪时期。 因此，我国无疑是松杉类特有属的现代地理分布中心和保存中心。这对进一步研究松杉类植物的发生和发展，具有重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
中国柳属植物地理分布的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
赵士洞 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(2):114-124
本文研究了中国产柳属植物的分布，并探讨了该属的起源与演化问题。 我国产柳
属植物255种，约占全世界总数的46％，隶属于37个组，几乎包括了该属所有的进化类型。
因此，中国是世界柳属植物种数最多、类型最丰富的地区。青藏高原的出现，是形成这一分布
特点的重要原因。我国柳属植物主要分布在西北、东北和西南地区。西北地区是中亚分布区
的一部分; 东北地区是东北亚分布区的一部分; 它们又都有一些中欧-西伯利亚和北极-高山成
分。青藏高原与其他分布区间的联系很少，是柳属又一个重要的分布中心。作为泛北极植物
区系的典型属之一的柳属，可能起源于东南亚热带山区。 相似文献
7.
张明理 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1997,35(2):136-147
锦鸡儿属Caragana是一个典型的温带亚洲分布属。本属在青藏高原和喜马拉雅约有24种1变种，约占整个属的1／3。这些种类几乎全部处于演化高级阶段，且既有叶轴宿存类群，也有假掌状叶类群。反映出种的分化很活跃，在横断山地区形成本属的分布中心、分化中心。本区内绝大多数种类是特有分布。替代现象主要受气候、植被变化作用，沿横断山和喜马拉雅分布的长齿系Ser. Bracteolatae Kom．是一个典型的替代分布类群。锦鸡儿属植物生态适应性很强，可在其生长的灌丛中形成优势种。 寒化和旱化现象十分突出，它们有一系列森林种、草原种和荒漠种及相关的形态变异。用锦鸡儿属植物进行青藏高原和喜马拉雅区域内的分布区关系分析及最小生成树MST和特有性简约性分析(PAE)，表明横断山地区特别是其北部是本属植物的一个地理结点。以此沿横断山向北部唐古特和西部藏东南适应性辐射。横断山和西喜马拉雅联系微弱，看不出植物长距离扩散的踪迹，大多是由于生态因子限制而产生的隔离。虽然本区不可能是锦鸡儿属的起源地，然而，通过本区与邻近地区的地理联系，可推测它们在我国适应性辐射方向是从东北向西南。结合豆科蝶形花亚科其它属化石记录及其分布区局限在温带亚洲等现象，认为锦鸡儿植物是一组特化、晚近衍生的类群，起源于北方东西伯利亚晚第三纪中新世后期至上新世。 相似文献
8.
橐吾属Ligularia Cass．是菊科千里光族款冬亚族的一个大属。在款冬亚族中本属与大吾风草属
Farfugium Lindl．亲缘关系最近，但进化程度较高。本属包括6组，11系129种。所有种类均分布在
亚洲，仅2种扩散至欧洲。在东亚地区有119种，占该属总种数的96％。高度集中在横断山区的有4组、
6系67种，其中61种为特有种，占该属总组数的66％，总系数的54．5％，总种数的52％。这个事实
表明了横断山区是该属的多度中心和多样化中心。通过性状分析，伞房组伞房系Sect．Corymbosae，
Ser．Calthifoliae叶肾形，具掌状叶脉，头状花序大而少，排列呈伞房状，总苞半球形，被认为是该属的
原始类群。原始种齿叶橐吾L. dentata和鹿蹄橐吾L.hodgsonii的分布区从我国四川东部经过湖北、湖
南、安徽、福建等省至日本。这个分布格局与近缘属大吴风草属Farfugium一致。
根据共同起源原理，这两个属的祖先极有可能就发生在这一地区。因此我们推测东亚地区从中国四
川东部至日本这一地区是本属的发源地，然而根据地质历史和现代分布，作者认为中国中部(包括四川
东部)是本属的初始起源地。该属起源后，基本上沿亚洲南缘的山地扩散，少数种类向东北至亚洲东北部。本属起源时间至少不晚于中白垩纪。 相似文献
9.
本文根据植物类群的系统发育和地理分布统一的原理，讨论了獐牙菜属植物的起源、散布和分
布区的形成。獐牙菜属包括11组16系154种，间断分布在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲和非洲。中国西南部-
喜马拉雅地区汇集了大多数种类、不同演化水平的类群以及形形色色的特有类群，成为该属的多样化
中心和多度中心。该属的原始类群和外类群也集中分布在中国西南山地，极有可能是该属的起源地。该
属的分布区类型中出现了各式的间断分布，根据有该属植物分布的大陆间及大陆与岛屿间分离和连接
的时间推测，该属的起源时间至少不会晚于晚白垩纪，也许更早，可追溯到中白垩纪。通过分类群间亲
缘关系和现代分布分析，显示出该属植物从起源地向周围和一定方向散布，形成了三个主要散布途径。在散布过程中植物本身也发生演化和就地特化，形成新的类群。 相似文献
10.
应俊生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,32(5):389-410
秦岭是中国长江和黄河两大水系的分水岭，位于北纬32°5′至34°45′；东经104°30′至115°52′，最高峰达3767m。该山区是我国温带植物区系最丰实的地区之一，约有种子植物3124种，隶属于158科，892属。包括热带属220属，温带属563属，和中国特有属39属。根据该山区植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和组成种类的温带性质以及温带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位。该山区的植物区系和植被具有明显的温带性特点。特有种和非特有种的分析结果表明，该山区植物区系的特点还表现在高度特有性和以中国-日本森林植物区系为主体方面。 根据古植物学资料分析，秦岭地区植物区系的起源时间不会晚于晚白垩纪；植物群落的主要成份可能以原地生长的种类为主；秦岭及其邻近古老山区，不仅对自身的植物区系和植被具有较大的发生意义，而且对东亚植物区系具有始生性质。 相似文献
11.
潘锦堂 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(2):120-129
In this paper the classification of the genus Bergenia Moench is provided, its
geographic distribution analysed, and the phylogeny also traced. Based on an analysis of
morphological characters such as leaves, ocreas, branches of inflorescences, Pedicels, hypan-
thium, sepals, and glandular indumentum, thi genus is divided into 3 sections: 1. Sect. Scopu-
losae J. T. Pan, sect. nov., 2. Sect. Bergnia, 3. Sect. Ciliatae (A. Boriss.) J. T. Pan, stat. nov.
The Sect. Scopulosae J. T. Pan may be considered as the primitive one, while Sect. Ciliatae
(A. Boriss.) J. T. Pan may be regarded as the advanced one, with Sect. Bergenia in between.
So far, the genus Bergenia Moench comprises 9 species in the total. Southeast Asia and
North Asia (south and east Siberia, USSR) each have only 1 species, West Asia (Afghanis-
tan) has 2, Central Asia (Kirghizia-Tajikistan-Uzbekstan area, USSR) 3, South Asia 4 (Nepal
has 4, India, Pakistan and Kashmir area each has 3, Bhutan and Sikkim each has 2), East
Asia 6. In East Asia, Mongolia and Korea each have only 1 species, but China has 6 (includ-
ing endemic species 2 and new species 1). Sichuan Province and Xizang Autonomous Region
each have 3, Yunnan Province 2, Shaanxi Province (Qinling Mountains) and Uygur Autono-
mous Region of Xinjiang each have only 1.
Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the region covering Si-
chuan, Yunnan and Xizang. Moreover, it is noteworthy that Bergenia scopulosa T.
P. Wang in Sect. Scopulosae seems to have retained primitive characters, for exa-
mple, non-ciliate leaves and ocreas, glabrous pedicels, hypanthium and sepals, and
this primitive species is found in Qinling Mountains and Sichuan. According to the
distribution of the primitive species, the author suggests that the centre of origin of
this genus be in the region covering Qinling Mountains and Sichuan. 相似文献
12.
13.
裘佩熹 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1974,12(2):237-248
As construed here the genus. Woodwardia Sm. does not include Anchistea Presl
and Lorinseria Presl of the east North America which are considered as distinct
genera nor Woodwardia harlandii Hook. and W. kempii Cop. of south china, which
constitute a new genus Chieniopteris Ching (cf. Acta Phytotax. Sinica 9:37. 1964).
It has been proposed that genus Woodwardia Sm. is an old one, dating back
perhaps from the early Tertiary in the Arctics, thence it spread to Europe, North
America, and southward to East Asia with its present center of distribution in China,
especially south of the Yangtze River.
The genus is now represented by 17 species in the Northern Hemisphere, of which
ll are known in China and her neighbouring countries, with one species, W. unigem-
mata (Makino) Nakai, ranging as far as the Himalayas, where from the previous re-
cord of W. radieans Linn. Sm. of Europe proves to be a mistake for this species.
The genus is divided into two natural series: Radicantes Ching & Chiu and Egem-
miferae Ching & Chiu, and the latter is further subdivied into 2 subseries: Orientales
Ching & Chiu and Japonicae Ching & Chiu.
A key to the Chinese species has been provided.
In passing it may be pointed out that Woodwardia cochin-chinensis Ching (Bull.
Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 7. 1931) is based upon Poilane nos. 2107 and 2275 without
designating the type. According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
we herewith designate Poilanes no. 2275 the type of this species.
相似文献
14.
李恒 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(2):121-129
The genus Burmannaia is one of the largest genera in the Burmanniaceae, of which
12 species have been recorded in China. It is mainly a tropical genus. The species
in China are all confined to the region south of Yangtze River. They are distributed
chiefly in the provinces Guangdong (9 species) and Yunnan (6 species). After having
studied the areas of all the species in China, we are able to classify them into follow-
ing 4 area-types:
1. Area-type of Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia. The two non-saprophytic
species (Burmannia disticha, B. caelestis) and one saprophytic (B. championii) belong
to this area-type. It is an ancient type. The plants of this type mostly have a wide
ecological amplitude, for example, B. disticha may be found in tropical and subtropical
regions. The plants occur not only in evergreen forests, in bushs, but also in rather
arid herbosa and on the side of streams (Fig. 2).
2. Area-type of Tropical SE Asia. In the type are 3 saprophytic species i.e.
B. oblonga, B. wallichii and B. nepalensis.
3. Area-type of E. Asia. (Fig. 3) Burmannia in China with E. Asian distribu-
tion is poor in species. There are only 2 saprophytic species. B. cryptopetala is distri-buted in Haina (China), Kyushu and Honshu (Japan); B. itoana occurs in Taiwan
(China), Riukiu and Kyushu (Japan). They are known only on the islands of E. Asia.
Such a pattern of distribution may suggest connection of these islands once in the prehistoric time in spite of their present isolation.
4. Endemic area-type. (Fig. 4). Here are 3 saprophytic species and one variety
with green leaves. B. nana occurs only in E. Taiwan. One of the two new species
described by present author in this paper, B. fadouensis, is known from Xichou Xiao,
S. E. Yunnan, to Longzhou Xian of the province Gaunxi; the other one, B. pingbien-
ensis occurs only in Pinbien Xian of S. E. Yunnan. The last species is endemic to China.
B. pusilla var. hongkongensis is non-saprophytic and known from the province Guang-
dong and its bordering islands. Both B. fadouensis and B. pingbienensis are characte-
rized by the axillary bulbils, which enable them to adapt to rather arid and cold condi-tions in northern part of the tropical region. 相似文献
15.
黄淑美 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(5):384-389
Dichroa Lour., a small genus of Saxifragaceae, contains about 12 species,
ranging from the mainland of S. E. Asia southward to Pacific islands. But most of
the species are more restricted in distribution. Of the 12 recognized species, six are
known from South China and Indochina; three are confined to west and northwest
New Guinea; two are endemic to the Phillipines. Only one species is widely distributed
in S. E. Asia. In the present paper, the genus is divided into two sections and two
series based on the number of stamens and the characteristics of the ovary. One spe-
cies is described as new. 相似文献
16.
秦仁昌 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1964,9(1):31-36
The fern genus Diplaziopsis C. Chr. of Index Filicum has long been considered as
a monotypic one, with the sole species, D. javanica (B1.) C. Chr. from tropical Asia. In
1906, H. Christ described a second species, Allantodia cavaleriana Christ (=D. cavale-
riana C. Chr.) from Kweichow, West China, but this was since not fully recognized by
fern students in general, being often considered as a variety of the first species. This
is certainly a mistake, as is shown by ample herbarium specimens today. In the recent
work on the genus, the writer has found among the herbarium material two additional
new species from China, thus bringing the genus up to four species in Asia, mainly from
China, where, as it is, the genus has its center of development from the long past.
Phylogenetically, Diplaziopsis C. Chr. represents one of the offshoots from the great
stock of diplazioid ferns, of which the genus Diplazium Sw. constitutes the main body
of the group and from which our genus differs chiefly in its leaves of a thin texture with
reticulated venation, but not so much in its type of indusium as it has generally been
emphasized by most botanists in the past, for, as it is, the type of indusium in Di-
plaziopsis also prevails in many species of Diplazium, for which C. B. Clarke (Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. I:495, 1880) created, but really superfluously, a subgenus Pseudal-
lantodia, about which the writer will dwell in another paper in the near future. Suffice
it to say here that the indusium in Diplaziopsis as revealed by the species treated here
is, indeed, typical of diplazioid ferns, only often, as it happens, with its adaxial edge
pressed so tight under the expanding sorus that it is unable to open freely along its upper
free edge and, as a result, its thin vaulted back bursts open from the pressure of the ex-
panding sorus underneath.
As a result of the present study, following four species of the genus have been re-
cognized.
Diplaziopsis javanica (B1.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 227.
Wide spread in tropical Asia, northwardly to Bakbo and the southern part of Yun-
nan, China.
D. cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. I (1913) 25.
Ranges from West China through northern part of Fukien of East China to Japan.
D. intermedia Ching, sp. nov.
Endemic in West China: Mt. Omei, Szechuan, and Kweichow.
D. hainanensis Ching, sp. nov.
In conclusion, it may be pointed out that with the modern plant taxonomy pursued
in a more efficient manner than in the past, and especially by the introduction of the
cytotaxonomic methods, the so-called “monotypic genera”, as conceived by the orthodox
systematists, will continue to prove, to a great extent, to be lack of enough scientific
ground. The fact that the “monotypic genus” of Diplaziopsis C. Chr. is now found to
be a genus of four well-defined species is once again an instance to illustrate the pointat issue. 相似文献
17.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(4):61-71
The present paper is an attempt to propose a preliminary taxomomic treatment of
the genus Hippolytia Poljak. and to analyse the geographical distribution of its com-
posite elements.
This small genus with 17 species is divided into 2 sections, namely, section
Anthodesma Shih and section Hippolytia. Anthodesma is a small section with 3 species
and is characterized by fascicled corymbs, campanulate and nitid involucres, rigidly
herbaceous phyllaries, and undershrubs, while Hippolytia consisting of 14 species is
characterized by corymbose inflorescence or glomerules or compund heads, cuneate and
unpolished involucres, herbaceous phyllaries with pitch black margines.
There are 12 species of Hippolytia in China, of which 3 are proposed as new in the
present paper.
Regarding the distribution pattern of Hippolytia, it is noteworthy to note that its
range of distribution forms a more or less U-shape as shown in map 2. It may be seen
that Hippolytia distributes in Central Asia-Sino-Himalaya-Median Asia. Section Antho-
desma Shih occurs in central Asia, while section Hippolytia in the whole Himalayan
region and northern Meridional Ranges and Median Asia.
There seems to be no center of species concentration within the total range of
Hippolytia, whose species are localized in distribution, for example, H. desmantha Shih
is known only from Qinghai provence (Yu-Shu-Hsien), H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih
is restricted to Ninghsia and central part of Kansu provence. It is interesting to note
that H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih and H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih are referred
to as vicarious species. The localization of the species distribution and the obvious
discontinuity of morphological characters between species indicate a remarkable geogra-
phical influence on the species formation of Hippolytia.
Hippolytia is an alpine genus of temperate zone of Asia, in which 64 per cent of
species occurs at high elevations of above 3300m. altitude, 30 per cent of species are
distributed in middle elevations of above 2200m. altitude. The life forms are micro-
undershrubs, erect perennial herbs, glomerule stemless herbs or stemless herbs. It is very
possible that its geographical origin and development may be linked up with occurance
of desert steppe, especially of alpine meadow vegetations in the northern temperate
zone of Asia.
With regard to the geographical elements to which each species of Hippolytia
belongs, it seems to indicate that H. trifida (Turcz.) Poljak., H. alashanensis (Ling)
Shih and H. desmantha Shih belong to the geographical elements of central Asia,
while H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih, H. glomerata Shih, H. tomentosa (DC.)
Tzvel., H. senecionis (Bess.) Poljak. H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih, H. kennedayi (Dunn)
Ling, H. syncalathiformis Shih, H. gossypina (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Shih and H. nana
(C. B. Clarke) Shih to Himalayan elements, and H. darvasica (C. Winkl.) Poljak., H.
megacephala (Rupr.) Poljak,, H. herderi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Poljak. to Median Asia, H.
delavayi (W. W. Smith) Shih to North-West-Yunna.
相似文献
18.
傅立国 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(4):277-288
The genus Cephalotaxus contains a small number of species. It is adequately
appreciated as a newly discovered cancerresistant medicament for the alkaloids obtai-
ned from its branches leaves and barks are of curative effect.
This paper deals with the classificatory revision based on the morphological featu-
res, with the reference to the anatomical characters of leaves, types of alkaloids and
pollen morphology observed. Two new combinations are proposed, and 4 species and
varieties are reduced in the paper. The genus Cephalotaxus is thus suggested to consist
of 2 sections and 9 species. The trees occur in East Asia and the north of Indo-China,
with 88% found in China where is the distribution centre and refuge of the genus.
The genus in discussion is of unique morphological features which are distinctly dif-
ferent from these of Amentotaxus, Cephalotaxaceae, containing a single genus of Ce-
phalotaxus, is closely related to Taxaceae, and therefore the Cephalotaxaceae is best
placed in the Taxinieae of Coniferales. 相似文献
19.
钱宏 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(1):1-16
笔者分别对亚洲东北部楚科奇与北美西北部阿拉斯加(周白令海峡)北极冻原之间，亚洲东部
长白山与北美西部落基山(跨太平洋)高山冻原之间，以及亚洲东部高山冻原与其北极冻原之间和北美
西部高山冻原与其北极冻原之间的植物区系进行了对比研究。通过研究认为：(1)楚科奇与阿拉斯加
北极冻原应当区划为同一个植物区系省，即白令北极冻原植物区系省。白令北极冻原植物区系的存
在至少可以追溯到距今18000年前的更新世末次冰期。(2)长白山与落基山高山冻原植物区系之间
存在着密切的联系，它们之间有42个共有种(仅包括维管植物，以下同)，其中有41种亦分布于白令
北极冻原，这种区系联系显然是在冰期通过白令陆桥来实现的。(3)长白山高山冻原与楚科奇北极冻
原之间的共有种占长白山高山冻原总种数的42％，落基山高山冻原与阿拉斯加北极冻原之间的共有种
占落基山高山冻原总种数的48．9％。 由此可见，亚洲东部和北美西部的高山冻原与北极冻原(尤其是与白令北极冻原)植物区系之间存在着紧密的亲缘关系。 相似文献