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Interdisciplinary research can be defined by the presence of substantive, internalized linkages among component analyses. Three levels of integration of component analyses are defined. The weakest is associated with multidisciplinary research in which components stand on their own. Integration here involves editorial organization, consistent terminology, and concordant concepts. The strongest level involves a shared, over-arching theoretical framework which welds components into a unit. Most interdisciplinary research can realistically aspire only to an intermediate level of integration wherein disciplinary components serve as substantive inputs to each other.Attainment of well-integrated interdisciplinary research is a complex task. This study identifies four frameworks useful in integration based on a probe of 24 technology assessments. Common group learning generates a common intellectual property belonging to the research group. It yields well-integrated research, but often at the cost of a loss of depth of analysis. Formal modeling can structure interrelationships, and, thereby, serve as an integrating framework. Modeling is most applicable to well-specified problems, but it can contribute, in conjunction with other frameworks, to broader, policy-oriented studies as well. Negotiation among experts takes place at the common boundaries between component analyses as these substantively affect each other's findings. It preserves the full depth of expertise and can be used in broad-ranging studies. Integration by the project leader establishes one person as the sole repository of composite knowledge, obtained through one-to-one interactions with assorted experts. It is not well-suited to interdisciplinary research, except in small-scale studies. 相似文献
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与传统跨国公司不同,新兴经济企业主要采用跨国收购的海外进入模式。最近的跨国收购综述（SHVP）并没有反映这一点。本综述旨在更新SHVP的综述,特别关注发达国家和新兴经济情境的比较。本文将综述的主题限定于价值创造和整合战略。综述表明：对于价值创造支脉,相对于经济金融领域的研究,行为理论和战略管理领域的研究更能突出新兴经济企业跨国收购的独特性。此外,经验研究发现的不一致反映了理论及其边界的不明确以及研究方法的局限。对于整合战略支脉,相对于一般收购的整合研究,新兴经济企业跨国收购整合战略的经验研究非常有限。这些结论构成了研究中国企业跨国收购的重要跳板。基于此,我们发展了一个基于研究情境、理论范式、研究支脉、研究议程和研究方法的跨国收购研究理论框架,并提出未来非常有潜力的研究方向。 相似文献
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与理论界的想象相悖,中国产业升级过程中出现了一批纵向一体化企业,本文试图揭示这一现象背后的结构性原因。在辨析相关理论、概念的基础上,通过历史与逻辑相结合的分析、并结合两家工业龙头企业在产品创新与制造升级过程中的一体化案例,本文认为出现这种现象的情境根源在于中国特殊的工业体系与创新系统结构,即一种碎片化、底子薄的“盆景”式结构。这使采取激进创新的龙头企业更倾向于通过纵向一体化方式自主发展互补能力,也决定了这类企业将在产业升级中扮演不可替代的重要角色。文章最后基于此对产业升级给出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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为了研究企业的长期竞争力,文章提出了一个关于业务活动一体化与反一体化决策的系统分析框架。从战略层面上,通过对业务活动过程进行分析,发现三种知识方面的因素影响一体化与反一体化决策。为此,以国内不同行业中的领先企业为调查对象,运用多项Logit回归的方法建立了有关决策的实证模型。在实证模型的预测基础上,进一步发现,一个简化了的基于知识的概念决策模型可以更好地帮助企业进行业务活动的一体化与反一体化决策。 相似文献
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在中国的国家安全事务中,涉及生物安全的相关议题与当代科学技术的发展之间存在着紧密的联结,围绕生物安全治理的制度设计也需要将科学技术本身作为一个复杂变量考虑进来。文章以生物安全治理为基准点,将围绕生物安全议题的科技治理问题作为新时代国家治理体系建设的一个新的亟待聚焦的主题。通过对当前生物安全议题相关研究进行系统梳理,从制度层面探讨将科学研究纳入生物安全治理体系、整合科技治理与生物安全治理体系存在的限制性制度条件;同时,从国家治理体系建设角度出发,探讨如何将生物安全议题相关研究融入包括生物安全治理在内的整个国家治理体系之中。 相似文献
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产融结合有利于金融资源优化配置，是企业做大做强、实现跨越式发展的重要途径。本文利用2007-2017年沪深两市非金融类A股上市公司的微观数据，系统考察产融结合对企业创新能力的影响及其作用机理。研究发现，产融结合显著增加专利申请数，尤其是发明专利申请数，但非发明专利申请数并未显著增加，说明产融结合只是促进企业实质性创新，并未刺激企业策略性创新；产融结合对企业创新能力的促进效应在政府干预较多、金融欠发达以及法治水平较高地区更显著。机制研究表明，降低信息不对称和缓解融资约束是产融结合提升创新能力的重要渠道。进一步研究发现，实质性创新才是企业价值的源泉，产融结合提升了企业创新成果的实际转化效率，强化了实质性创新对企业价值的边际贡献。文章结论为合理评估产融结合所引发的微观治理效果提供了新思路，对推动“大众创业、万众创新”政策落地提供了微观经验支撑。 相似文献
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农户宅基地演变过程及其调控研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于农户视角的土地利用变化驱动机制研究成为当前学者归纳总结农村发展及其土地利用问题的重要手段,本文采用文献归纳与综述方法对农户层面的宅基地利用现状、内部结构、形态、功能、文化景观进行回顾与分析基础上,从农户宅基地演变内外部因素与人均用地标准调控等方面剖析其动力机制。认为在农户层面宅基地利用演变等数据获取与研究方法选择方面,以村域为基本单元,运用"3S"技术将农户问卷调查的社会经济属性数据与宅基地空间属性数据进行链接,注重农户宅基地演变驱动机制的多学科综合研究。在研究视角方面,将社会经济转型耕织于农户宅基地演变及其调控研究的全过程。在研究内容方面,将农户生计转型及其行为决策融入宅基地演变动力机制及其调控策略分析框架,根据农户分化及其宅基地功能和需求层次,从宅基地功能类型划分和用地标准控制及聚居点类型体系构建等方面探讨其调控策略,并设计多元化的政策措施。同时,应强化农村宅基地流转和退出背景下农户用益物权及其增值收益分配机制研究,探索促进农村宅基地高效集约利用的空间重构体系,研究农户行为方式及其收入水平与农村宅基地演变耦合机制,为分类指导农户宅基地用地标准提供政策依据。 相似文献
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Martha E. Williams 《The Information Society》2013,29(3-4):381-417
Abstract Database producers of all types, including the federal government, play many roles in the information “industry.” Because of mergers, acquisitions and vertical integration, a given producer may function in virtually any part of the nine‐membered database use chain. The database use chain, together with statistics showing dramatic growth, provides a framework for the discussion of policy issues, problems, and future requirements of the database industry. The various stages of the database use chain are considered in terms of added value, added production cost, compensation, push and pull mechanisms, proprietorship of data, control of data, and use agreements. The framework for considering policy issues includes the characteristics of the public and private sectors, their products and services, the appropriateness of government involvement in certain subject areas of information and the benefits to society. Problems and issues are standardization, copyright, structural changes in the industry, transborder data flow, and competition between the public and private sectors. 相似文献
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Nyoman Adhiarna Yoon Min Hwang Min Jae Park Jae Jeung Rho 《International Journal of Information Management》2013
This study presents a comprehensive framework to identify dynamic radio frequency identification (RFID) adoption and diffusion from three different perspectives: stages of adoption, levels of analysis, and domain of issues. The main concern of this study is stages of adoption, which covers three phases in respect of the maturity of the RFID project and the sophistication of business applications and RFID technology. The level of analysis involves different units of analysis beyond the organization level, including the industry- and country-level, which is lacking in the current literature. To understand dimensions of RFID issues, a strategy, technology, organization, people and environment (STOPE) based approach was applied. An extensive review of prior literature was conducted to find various RFID success factors and the Delphi method was applied to find positions of these factors within the framework. Based on the Delphi, some factors belong to early stage of adoption, and some others persist in the later stages of adoption. At the country level, factors such as RFID national policy, R&D policy and income per capita were accepted by most experts at the preliminary and intermediate stage; strategy and environment were accepted as important domains. To find practical implications of the framework, a case study of Indonesia was conducted at each level of analysis. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to identify most important factors and important domains of issues with respect to the factors from the Delphi results. At country level, RFID policy, vision of leadership and RFID potential market are the most important factors; strategy and environment are the most important domains. 相似文献
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The integration of environmental principles into other policies is perceived as essential in order to combat environmental problems as efficiently as possible. Environmental policy integration in Finnish technology policies is assessed empirically by focusing on technological R&D support at all levels, from policy strategies to project funding decisions. The actors making and implementing technology policies have grasped the idea of environmental protection and environmental issues have been identified especially at the strategy level and in some technology programmes. However, the integration is not overarching and no assessment of environmental impacts is required in funding applications. 相似文献
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信用管理与间接费用挂钩是未来我国财政科研项目资金管理落实“放管服”要求的重要政策工具,其根本目的是优化财政科研项目间接费用管理、建立有效的激励约束机制。基于委托代理理论中的激励约束框架,对美国、英国和中国财政科研项目间接费用中的激励和约束机制分别展开分析,并在三个国家对比的基础上,构建引入信用管理后我国财政科研项目间接费用管理中的激励约束框架及关键点。 相似文献
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推动企业高质量发展与金融业深度融合过程中对不同类型研发投资有何影响？本文使用制造业上市公司2008—2018年微观数据作为研究样本,运用非参数分位数模型探究了产融结合对不同类型研发投资的非线性异质影响。研究发现:（1）产融结合对不同研发投资存在非线性效应,对研究阶段投资表现出显著抑制效应,而对试验开发阶段投资呈现出“N型”影响特征;（2）产融结合对不同类型研发投资具有异质影响。随着分位点提高,其对研究阶段抑制效果更明显,对试验开发促进效果不断加强,但存在最优界限;（3）随着产融结合程度加深,其对国有企业研究阶段投资具有明显挤出效应,而对开发阶段促进效果显著;相反,能够提高非国有企业研究阶段投资水平,而不利于其试验开发阶段投资。本文研究结果表明,中国制造企业通过产融结合进行外源融资时,应充分考虑不同研发类型,选择与自身创新能力相适应的产融结合水平,为达到提升研发投资目标提供决策依据。 相似文献
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通过对CAD和PDM系统集成技术分析,研究装备设计过程以接口交换为基础的CAD和PDM集成技术模式,探讨BOM表的生成及转化关系,形成CAD/PDM系统的数据管理集成框架及合理的集成功能流程。在此基础上搭建合理的集成系统数据管理和网络通讯平台框架。 相似文献
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科技人才评价政策是科技人才政策的重要组成部分。我国科技人才评价政策的具体举措与微观个体非理性行为的关联成为学界关注的重点,以行为公共政策视角开展科技人才评价政策研究具有重要现实意义。基于此,本文通过搜集2007—2021年中央层面的科技人才评价政策,从情绪认知、行为引导构建行为公共政策分析框架,重点从工具、叙事与反馈三个层面分析科研减负、评价引导、人才管理三个维度的政策目标。研究发现：我国科技人才评价政策正巧妙地运用鞭子型与助推型协同的政策工具、认同强化与社会规范组合的叙事效应、政府主导的单向政策反馈来塑造科技人才的情绪认知与行为引导。但是,科技人才评价政策的政策偏好与科技人才的行为偏好存在偏差,政策工具的缺陷、叙事效应的断层与个体感知的偏差促使了“非理性行为”的发生。我国科技人才评价政策体系亟待完善科研减负的选项体系、人才评审的评定标准与微观个体的情绪疏导。 相似文献
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随着中国的崛起,其创新政策越来越受到国际力量的关注,并不可避免地受到国际力量的干预和影响。因此,从国际视野审视创新政策及过程对中国科学地制定创新政策具有重要意义。已有研究主要关注全球化影响下创新政策目标、内容和工具的变化,并把创新政策看作一个主权国家的内部政治活动,从政策过程讨论全球化和国际因素对创新政策的影响还不多见。本文从国际视野出发构建了基于“过程—主体—影响力”的创新政策过程三维分析框架,并对“中国自主创新产品政府采购”政策和“中国制造2025”政策的政策过程进行了比较分析。研究认为,中国的创新政策与贸易乃至对外事务的界限模糊化使得创新政策过程成为国际—国内双重博弈的复杂过程,创新政策制定的各个阶段都受到国际因素的影响,各类利益相关者基于形势变化和利益需求在不同政策中发挥的作用有明显区别,政策出台国和政策干预国的相互依赖程度和国际影响力最终决定了一国创新政策的受干预程度。 相似文献
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发展中国家知识产权保护强度的增加对其创新能力的影响效应,引起了广泛的研究兴趣与争议。本文从发展中国家知识产权保护与创新关系研究、发展中国家知识产权保护对创新作用机制研究、知识产权创新激励效应的产业差异研究、发展中国家知识产权保护测度研究等方面对近期国内外相关文献进行了评述,并提出未来可能的研究选题方向。 相似文献
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Artificial Intelligence tools have attracted attention from the literature and business organizations in the last decade, especially by the advances in machine learning techniques. However, despite the great potential of AI technologies for solving problems, there are still issues involved in practical use and lack of knowledge as regards using AI in a strategic way, in order to create business value. In this context, the present study aims to fill this gap by: providing a critical literature review related to the integration of AI to organizational strategy; synthetizing the existing approaches and frameworks, highlighting the potential benefits, challenges and opportunities; presenting a discussion about future research directions. Through a systematic literature review, research articles were analyzed. Besides gaps for future studies, a conceptual framework is presented, discussed according to four sources of value creation: (i) decision support; (ii) customer and employee engagement; (iii) automation; and (iv) new products and services. These findings contribute to both theoretical and managerial perspectives, with extensive opportunities for generating novel theory and new forms of management practices. 相似文献