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本文利用2007-2015年间A股上市公司年报中公开披露的客户数据,从研发创新的角度检验了政府大客户的存在对企业成长性的影响。实证结果表明,上市公司的大客户中政府背景订单占比约大,则企业未来的盈利增长能力就越强,与此同时,资本市场对企业的估值水平也越高,进一步地从作用机制来看,政府背景订单之所以能促进企业成长壮大,很大程度上可以归结于它们对企业研发创新的促进作用,尤其是增加公司的创新投入与创新产出,继而助推企业成长。总而言之,本文的研究发现有助于我们客观地了解政府背景客户在企业成长发展中扮演的角色,辩证地看待以政府采购为代表的另类政府干预机制对实体经济产生的影响作用。 相似文献
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Reinhilde Veugelers 《Research Policy》2012,41(10):1770-1778
In view of the sizeable climate change challenge, we need a clean innovation machine operating at full speed. Beyond the supply of public clean R&D infrastructure and clean public procurement, the development and adoption of new clean technologies by the private sector needs to be assured to reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. The private clean innovation machine, left on its own, is not up to this challenge. It needs government intervention to address the combination of environmental and knowledge externalities and overcome path dependencies. The firm level evidence presented in this contribution on the motives of private sector firms for introducing clean innovations from the latest Flemish CIS eco-innovation survey confirms that firms are responsive to eco-policy demand interventions. At the same time, the high importance of demand pull from customers and voluntary codes of conduct or voluntary sector agreements as drivers for introducing clean innovations, is a reminder of the internal strength of the private innovation machine, which governments need to leverage. Policy interventions are shown to be more powerful to induce the adoption and development of new clean technologies when designed in policy mix and time consistently, affecting future expectations. 相似文献
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本文归纳了发达国家在世界贸易组织(WTO)《政府采购协议》的规则下,通过循序渐进开放本国政府采购市场、保留部分政府采购市场不对外开放、设定合理的门槛价和多种采购方式、制定供应商限制条件和补偿贸易制度,来保护本国产业和支持本土创新,营造提高本土创新能力的环境。我国在加入WTO政府采购协议后为保护本国产业,可以逐步、部分开放政府采购市场,设定较高的门槛价,充分利用发展中国家优惠原则保护本国企业,并将本土创新技术纳入技术和产品标准。 相似文献
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This paper discusses the role of public demand, in the form of a government procurement policy, in generating innovative solutions for healthcare infrastructure. It considers the effects of the project delivery system (planning, finance, construction and operation) for new hospitals on design innovation. It focuses on hospitals built under the UK's private finance initiative (PFI), which was partly introduced to inject increased innovation into hospital delivery. We use case studies of six early PFI hospitals to argue that the introduction of PFI has increased the complexity at the interface between project delivery and hospital operational functions. The result is a project delivery model which yields less innovative outcomes and produces facilities that might not be able to cope with future changes in demand. The paper suggests that new public procurement models do not automatically provide efficiency and innovation benefits. 相似文献
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Sources of innovation and industry-university interaction: Evidence from Spanish firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper we use a sample of Spanish innovative firms to identify the determinants of R&D cooperation agreements between five types of partners: firms that belong to the same group; customers and suppliers; competitors; universities; public research centres. We focus on the determinants of R&D cooperation between innovative firms and universities. We used the Spanish version of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS-3) to obtain data about the R&D cooperation of 4150 innovative firms in Spain. To obtain empirical evidence about the determinants of this cooperation, we adopted an integrated approach that enables us to compare the effects of sectorial and individual determinants on the choice of partners. Our results show that a firm's cooperation activities are closely linked to the characteristics of the industry and the characteristics of the firm. These include R&D intensity, size, whether the firm belongs to a group, product and process innovation, and access to public funds for R&D activities. Internal R&D and agreements with customers, suppliers and competitor partners also increase firm's propensity for R&D cooperation with universities. 相似文献
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本文通过构建空间计量模型,基于省际面板数据对中国政府采购促进技术创新政策效果进行了科学评估,研究发现中国政府采购政策在实施初期阶段不仅没有促进技术创新,反而显著地阻碍了创新,但随着中国政府采购政策自主创新激励目标的确定,其政策效果有所改善,但到目前为止其促进技术创新的政策功能仍十分有限。为此提出了遵守国际规则,建立和完善创新导向型政府采购政策体系;完善制度设计,遏制寻租行为,营造良好的创新环境;优化政府采购结构,强化创新激励导向等政策启示,以期为未来改进和完善政府采购政策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(7):104539
Government R&D programs are intended to assist in the commercialization of technology and provide for the greater public good. Among the primary instruments for this type of government action are competitive grants for small, high-tech businesses. However, there is a perception among scholars and administrators that a small number of firms receive a large number of awards without furthering government objectives. The term mill is a less than complimentary term used to reference a firm that receives multiple government R&D awards. The criticism is based on a belief that this group of firms do not advance innovative technologies and do not serve the needs of the awarding agency. As a result, there are attempts to limit the number of awards that firms receive, with limited consideration of the firms themselves and the role they play in the larger innovation system. We specifically examine the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, focusing on a group of firms at the extreme tail of the distribution of awards. We consider the business model employed by these firms, their patenting and licensing behavior, and the products they introduce to the market. We also consider their impacts as incubators of spinoff firms, research environments that augment human capital, and suppliers to government through procurement. 相似文献
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Emilio Raiteri 《Research Policy》2018,47(5):936-952
Innovative public procurement is increasingly considered as a form of public support for private innovation activities by both innovation scholars and policymakers. Economic historians have suggested an even more fundamental role of public procurement in setting the pace of technological change, reporting how defense-related procurement has had a major impact on the emergence and diffusion of many general purpose technologies developed in the United States in the 20th century. In this paper, I suggest that procurement might represent one of the most important elements in creating the right soil to ‘cultivate’ a technology that may have the potential to reach high levels of pervasiveness. To test this hypothesis, I make use of patent data and patent citations. I design a quasi-experiment to compare the changes in the level of generality level over time, between a group of treated and a group of control patents. A patent is assigned to the treatment group if it receives a citation from a patent related to public procurement. Results suggest a positive and significant impact of innovative public procurement on the generality of a patent. 相似文献
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论我国政府采购促进自主创新 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
指出规范政府采购作为财政支出管理改革的重要内容之一,不仅能够提高财政资金使用效率、减少腐败,而且可以促进科技自主创新,实现宏观经济政策调控功能。认为我国应借鉴发达国家重视政府采购促进自主创新的经验制定相关法律政策,使政府采购成为促进自主创新的重要途径之一。 相似文献
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旨在探索一种新的采购管理模式,帮助企业降低采购成本,提高采购效率。通过构建以EVA为指导的采购流程,重点讨论与采购人员、供应商相关的核心环节,提出了完善采购人员管理体系、健全供应商管理机制等方面的策略,以实现“采购使企业增值”的目的。 相似文献
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本文以中国和典型国家的政府采购促进科技创新政策文件为研究样板,从法律效力结构的角度运用政策计量工具,分析中国政府在制定此方面政策的组织管理机制;从促进节能环保、促进科技型中小企业发展、促进高新技术产品的政府采购和优先采购国货等四个维度,开展中国政府采购促进科技创新政策的国际比较分析,找出中国与这些国家之间的差异,及亟需解决的问题。研究结果表明,一方面,政策制定时间分布不均匀,需要遵循一定的周期性;绝大部分国家部委参与及主导次数均低于平均值,需要提高其制定政策的参与度;另一方面,需要进一步完善政策工具,包括：建立中小型企业供应商数据库;制定分级制度和后评价制度,制定创新产品和服务的具体实施办法,对进口产品进行分类管理等。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103789
This paper analyses Amsterdam’s Startup-in-Residence (SiR) programme as new type of policy to engage startups in the development of urban innovation through a challenge-based public procurement of innovation (PPI) process. The programme is being mimicked by other cities and government agencies, but so far there has not been a rigorous, theoretically-informed analysis of the approach. In this paper, we specify and focus on the role of city-based, public-affiliated intermediaries as initiators, moderators and influencers of conversations between startups and the local government. The main contribution of SiR as a PPI intermediation programme has been to launch new types of fruitful conversations on several levels, that lead to institutional innovations rather than direct solutions for urban problems or startup development. In this sense, SiR fulfils a role inquiring and ascribing urban challenges with values and notions of “worth” that preceded and shaped innovation directions. We also suggest that engaging startups is effective for only a limited bandwidth urban challenges; different types of intermediation are required to foster collaborative innovation in more complex settings. 相似文献
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政府作为农村公共物品供给主体的主要原因在于:分税制后财政能力的逐级上移;国家对农村的历史欠帐;基层政府负债严重。建立"以公共财政(省以上财政)为主体的、动员社会各方面力量共同参与的农村公共物品融资决策机制",主要包括公共财政供给框架下的融资方式、政府和私人联合供给融资方式、私人或非营利组织完全供给融资方式等。在投资序列的设计上,应将农村基础教育、农村社会保障、农业科研与推广等放在优先发展的位置上。 相似文献
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企业作为社会创新三大主体（政府、社会、企业）之一,日益受到关注。但企业社会创新涉及众多利益相关者的权利关系却被研究者忽略,也造成了实际工作的举步维艰。本文首先阐明了基于权利关系的利益相关者网络概念,进而构建了利益相关者网络视角的企业社会创新过程理论模型,运用社会网络密度、节点度和中心度的计算方法,对浙江九仓再生资源开发公司的垃圾回收社会创新过程的不同阶段进行详细的案例研究,得出的结论是,在企业社会创新过程中,利益相关者有不同的权利诉求,由此形成的权利关系决定的网络密度、节点度、中心性也因不同阶段而演化,其中高管、政府和社区是主要利益相关者,股东、员工、客户、合作者、供应商也是不可或缺的利益相关者,他们在社会创新过程的四个阶段中因不同的权利关系而发挥着不同的作用。 相似文献
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This contribution revisits the problem of allocating R&D subsidies by government agencies. Typically, the applicants’ financial constraints are private information. The literature has recommended the use of auctions in order to reduce information rents and thus improve the efficiency of how scarce public funds are allocated. We propose a new open clock auction for this procurement problem. This auction is strategically simple, as it exhibits truthtelling in dominant strategies and satisfies ex-post rationality, while observing the budget constraint. We test the auction in Monte-Carlo simulation and discuss its applicability and limitations. Moreover, we highlight connections to recent advances in computer science. 相似文献