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1.
我国高校R＆D知识溢出的实证研究——以高技术产业为例 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
区域创新体系中地理媒介知识溢出，已经成为新经济增长理论和新经济地理等学科研究的主要课题。本文依据空间计量经济学理论，运用知识生产函数模型框架，以高技术产业为例，对我国高等院校R＆D知识溢出的空间范围和程度进行了实证研究，结果表明区域内高等院校对于高技术产业的知识溢出是正向的、显著的，但溢出程度较低；相邻区域之间的高技术创新具有空间依存性，一个区域高技术产业的知识生产不仅增加自身区域的知识存量，而且会溢出到邻近区域，引起邻近区域知识存量的增加。依据实证结果，本文提出了强化知识生产与溢出的政策性建议。 相似文献
2.
区域龙头企业的知识溢出与本地中小企业成长——基于浙江省三个产业集群中小企业调查的实证研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
区域龙头企业的知识溢出对本地中小企业成长的带动效果及其作用机制是目前理论和实践关注的重点问题。已有对作用机制的研究存在社会临近观和认知临近性两种观点。基于知识转移理论,我们认为二者的交互作用会对区域中小企业成长具有更大的作用。基于浙江省三个区域产业集群中163家中小企业实地调查数据,本文的实证研究发现,本地中小企业与龙头企业的社会临近性和社会临近性对中小企业成长具有显著正的交互作用;而区域龙头企业对中小企业成长的带动作用具有很大的局限性：只有同时与龙头具有较高社会临近和认知临近的本地中小企业才能享受到显著的带动作用。 相似文献
3.
中国制造业如何能够在现有生产能力的基础上获得产业升级是一个学术界普遍关注的议题。为此,本文以知识溢出为切入点,通过揭示中、美、德制造业的发展现状及产业升级的路径差异来为中国制造业发展寻找可借鉴的产业升级模式。以近三十年全球2000余种制造业300万条贸易数据作为研究样本,并以中、美、德三国作为研究对象,综合运用社会网络方法、产品空间理论和Logit回归模型,深入探讨了中、美、德制造业知识溢在产业升级过程中的作用机制。研究发现：中国制造业产品空间核心区域的产品尚未形成规模化的生产模式；中国制造业的产业升级更多遵循“渐进性发展”路径,盲目追求知识溢出的效果反而可能带来风险；中国加入WTO以来,不仅能够依靠生产能力累积而实现渐进式产业升级,还可以在产品生产能力累积与知识溢出强度的交互作用下,通过破坏式创新实现产业升级。 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104849
Knowledge spillovers across economic agents are central to the process of technological innovation. Yet, the mechanisms by which spillovers travel and manifest as innovation are poorly understood. To fill that gap, we study how knowledge spillovers emanating from other cities (knowledge pools) diffuse and get absorbed. We refine the notion of connectedness by comparing three mechanisms through which knowledge spillovers occur between cities (geographically, technologically, and socially via social media links). We also examine how local psychological openness facilitates this diffusion and absorption process. Using 360 U.S. cities as our empirical context, we find geographically mediated and socially mediated (but not technologically mediated) knowledge spillovers to show positive relationships with the rate of patenting. Moreover, results confirm a positive moderation effect of psychological openness on the relationship between socially mediated knowledge spillovers and the rate of patenting. By providing a more comprehensive test of knowledge spillover mechanisms, our study indicates that the often-quoted physical proximity to knowledge pools remains a robust driver. However, a city's virtual connection to knowledge pools (e.g., via social media links between people) also matter, particularly if that city is psychologically more open. This catalyst of local openness might occur because open populations better absorb inflowing knowledge and utilize it more effectively via key innovators. We discuss implications for research and policy with a particular focus on virtual human (vs. geographically bounded) connectedness and psychological openness as intertwined key areas of a new human geography of innovation. 相似文献
5.
知识溢出的规模经济、范围经济与联结经济 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新经济增长理论强调知识溢出对经济增长的贡献,知识溢出对区域经济的共同增长具有重要意义。知识溢出不仅具有规模经济,而且还具有范围经济和联结经济。知识溢出的规模经济根源于知识的MAR和Porter外部性,知识溢出的范围经济根源于知识的Jacobs外部性,联结经济则来源于知识的租金外部性。知识溢出的经济效应的发挥受到空间距离、市场结构、接受能力和社会网络等因素的影响。 相似文献
6.
论知识溢出在产业集聚中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
产业集聚的形成原因主要是自然优势、市场接近和知识溢出,其中,知识溢出是产业集聚决定的高级因素,并且其作用不断上升。知识溢出具有地理局限性,邻近对于知识流动是重要的。知识溢出产生收益递增,促使经济活动在地理上集中,而产业集聚所导致的人才集中会促进知识的溢出,因而知识溢出与产业集聚呈相互增强的关系。 相似文献
7.
《Research Policy》2022,51(4):104465
We investigate how R&D spillovers propagate across firms linked through Research Joint Ventures (RJVs). Building on the framework developed by Bloom et al. (2013) which considers the opposing effects of knowledge spillovers and product market rivalry, we extend the model to account for RJV cooperation. Since the firm’s decision to join a RJV is endogenous, we build a model of RJV participation. The outcome equations and RJV participation are then jointly estimated in an endogenous treatment regression model. Our main findings are that the adverse effects of product market rivalry are mitigated if firms cooperate in RJVs; and that RJV participation allows firms to better absorb technological spillovers and, thus, create value. 相似文献
8.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103804
In this paper, we explore the impact of a firm's workers’ replacements on innovation performance by using rich matched employer–employee panel data for the Veneto region of Italy. We take the well-known resource-based theory of the firm as our departure point, and develop a set of hypotheses which we test empirically with negative binomial regressions. We find that workers’ replacements significantly dampen innovation performance, coherently with the idea that they generate losses in the tacit knowledge base of the firm. We also find that workers’ replacements are especially detrimental to large and young firms, possibly because large companies benefit comparatively less from ‘diaspora’ effects and because innovative capabilities in young firms are mostly dependent on specific human capital. Finally, our results show that firms’ location in industrial districts significantly mitigates the negative impact of workers’ replacements, and that a similar picture emerges when firms are more exposed to knowledge spillovers, particularly of related knowledge. 相似文献
9.
This paper draws on the knowledge-base implicit in ex post evaluations of publicly funded R&D and other related conceptual and empirical studies to suggest a framework for the ex ante evaluation of the regional benefits from R&D projects. The framework developed comprises two main elements: an inventory of the global private and social benefits which might result from any R&D project; and, an assessment of the share of these global benefits which might accrue to a host region, taking into account the characteristics of the R&D project and the region’s innovation system.The inventory of global benefits separately identifies private and social benefits and distinguishes between increments to public and private knowledge stocks, benefits to R&D productivity and benefits from commercialisation. Potential market and ‘pure’ knowledge spillovers are also considered separately. The paper concludes with the application of the framework to two illustrative case studies. 相似文献
10.
《Research Policy》2023,52(4):104715
The extent to which domestic industrial capabilities are essential in contributing to a Nations' prosperity and national well-being is the topic of long-standing debate. On the one hand, globalization and the outsourcing of production can lead to greater productivity, lower product costs, and gains from trade. On the other hand, national capabilities have long been a source of competitiveness and security during times of war and other crises. We explore the importance of domestic industrial capabilities during crises through a comparative case study of two countries - Spain and Portugal - to the sudden spike in demand for the manufacture of mechanical ventilators brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Both countries had to work within the framework of EU regulations, but had very different internal competencies upon which to draw in doing so. In addition, mechanical ventilators serve as a particularly interesting context for study because they involve high risk (loss of patients' lives if incorrectly manufactured) and entering the market presents high entry barriers (including significant tacit knowledge in its production and use, and significant intellectual property embedded in proprietary software at large, established firms). To unpack the processes used by each country we leverage insights from 60 semi-structured interviews across experts from industry, healthcare workers, regulators, non-profit organizations, and research centers. We find that Spanish regulatory measures were more effective, resulting in 12 times more new products receiving regulatory approval to enter the market. Although neither country is known for their mechanical ventilator production, instrumental in informing the Spanish regulatory and industrial responses was their internal knowledge base due to domestic experts and existing capabilities in ventilator production. We conclude by proposing new theory for how nations might identify important core competencies to enhance their dynamic (regulatory) capabilities in areas likely to be critical to their social welfare. 相似文献
11.
基于商业生态系统和产业技术追赶等相关理论,综合运用规范的多案例研究、社会网络分析等定性定量研究方法,以我国蜂窝移动通信产业为典型研究案例,提出了"全球化背景下新兴国家新一代信息技术产业生态系统演进与创新"的理论框架。研究发现生态系统结构、新兴技术体系、生态系统能力、制度要素的共同演进对支撑产业发展模式的转变发挥了重要的作用。通过深度剖析我国蜂窝移动通信产业发展模式转变的运行机制及其内在规律,提出了新兴国家产业的并行发展模式,拓展了产业技术追赶的相关理论,并为分析产业演进创新过程中的机制与动力提供了新的视角。 相似文献
12.
基于政治锦标赛理论,指出当前中国进入了以"创新驱动发展"为特点的经济发展模式"变法期",地方政府间正在展开一场以科技创新为导向的创新锦标赛。地方政府根据自身竞赛禀赋差异选择创新竞赛的参与方式,由于创新后果的不可预期,最具事前政绩显示度的投入项目往往成为地方政府的竞赛政治正确,表现为事前的科技创新投入越大,地方政府越有可能赢得锦标赛。在这一背景下,建设大科学装置所需的巨额投入及其科技创新价值迎合了地方政府的"锦标"选择偏好,进而获得了众多地方政府青睐。最后,指出要慎防因大科学装置建设"过热"而产生的重复投资、资源浪费、乃至"伪大科学装置"等后果,并提出对策建议。 相似文献
13.
根据隐性知识的不易代码化传递和应用环境依赖性特点,提出隐性知识增量模型,利用溢出前后知识重叠度说明企业隐性知识变化情况.依据模型分析隐性知识溢出后促发企业创新的整个过程.阐述了由隐性知识引起的集群创新问题,对企业吸收和应用隐性知识,以及保持产业集群的竞争优势有一定的理论和实际意义. 相似文献
14.
新经济增长理论强调知识溢出对经济增长的贡献,知识溢出对区域经济的共同增长具有重要意义。知识溢出源于知识的外部性特征,本文通过对知识外部性特征的比较分析,进一步剖析了知识溢出的类型、属性和作用范围以及竞争因素对知识溢出的影响。 相似文献
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16.
《Research Policy》2023,52(6):104767
Prior research has extensively studied FDI spillovers on broadly defined technological innovation but offered inconclusive evidence. Relatively little is known about how the knowledge characteristics of local technological development are shaped by FDI and the innovation context where this development takes place. We therefore study the influence of FDI presence on host country firms' technological progress with a focus on two factors: the underlying technological characteristic, complexity, which reflects the difficulties in recombining diverse knowledge combination for innovation, and an under-studied contextual contingency: the local clustering of returnees (skilled returned migrants) that creates different interactive environments for incorporating foreign knowledge. Using a unique sample of 35,376 firms over an 11-year period in China's equivalent of Silicon Valley, Zhongguancun, we reveal that FDI exerts a curvilinear spillover effect on local firms' technological complexity. Furthermore, we find returnees' clustering in related sectors heightens the effect of FDI spillovers on local technological complexity, whereas unrelated sectoral clustering flattens this U-shaped relationship, reducing FDI spillovers. We add to the debate on FDI knowledge externalities by highlighting the importance of considering knowledge characteristics and the contextual setting of returnee clustering in understanding FDI spillover effects on local technological progress. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
17.
This paper examines the impact of universities on the technological performance of adjacent firms. We extend existing research by jointly analyzing, and comparing, the effects of education (graduates) and scientific research (publications) activities of universities on firms’ technological performance. Adopting the knowledge production framework, our study is conducted at the level of 101 Italian territorial areas (provinces) and four industries. Overall, fixed-effect panel data models reveal a positive effect of both university graduates and scientific publications on the technological performance of firms. At the same time, considerable industry differences are observed. While the provision of university graduates positively affects firm performance in all industries under study, additional effects for scientific research are only observed in electrical and pharmaceutical industries that are science-intensive and where the scientific knowledge base is changing rapidly over time. The observation that spillovers from academia into the industrial texture of provinces rely on education and research in an industry-specific manner is relevant to the design of appropriate research and innovation policies. 相似文献
18.
知识溢出是形成产业集群的主要因素之一,知识溢出机理仍然是一个"黑箱"。针对高技术产业集群内的知识溢出,首先分析影响知识溢出各环节的因素,然后运用系统动力学模型,建立因素作用结构反馈模型,揭示知识溢出的机理,得出在知识溢出过程中有六大反馈回路。 相似文献
19.
为进一步探索工业用电效率提升路径,基于中国30个省份的工业面板数据,采用共同前沿数据包络分析方法测算各省份1995—2016年间的工业用电效率值。通过全局莫兰指数检验和莫兰散点图分析发现,中国工业用电效率值具有显著的空间相关性;采用空间Tobit模型实证分析知识溢出、人均资本投入、技术进步、产业结构、电力价格和经济发展水平对工业用电效率的影响作用发现,知识溢出对工业用电效率的影响不显著,人均资本投入和技术进步对工业用电效率具有显著的负向影响,产业结构、电力价格和经济发展水平对工业用电效率的提高有显著的正向影响。 相似文献
20.
针对现有服务要素内容作用方式、重点不清晰的问题,基于2002—2015年中国工业面板数据,构建嵌入在全球价值链中制造业服务化投入与技术溢出协同促进劳动生产率的理论模型。实证表明：(1)嵌入全球价值链中并不一定有助于优化制造业服务化投入与技术溢出对劳动生产率的作用效果;(2)在嵌入全球价值链的过程中,有效利用不同服务内容投入、促进要素资源重组对劳动生产率的提升更为重要;(3)低端产业向高端产业跃迁过程中,要素投入内容重点和方式发生改变。本文为推动产业升级提供了思路和建议。 相似文献