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1.
Conglomerates as a general framework for informetric research 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ronald Rousseau 《Information processing & management》2005,41(6):1360-1368
We introduce conglomerates as a general framework for informetric (and other) research. A conglomerate consists of two collections: a finite source collection and a pool, and two mappings: a source-item map and a magnitude map. The ratio of the sum of all magnitudes of item-sets, and the number of elements in the source collection is called the conglomerate ratio. It is a kind of average, generalizing the notion of an impact factor. The source-item relation of a conglomerate leads to a list of sources ranked according to the magnitude of their corresponding item-sets. This list, called a Zipf list, is the basic ingredient for all considerations related to power laws and Lotkaian or Zipfian informetrics. Examples where this framework applies are: impact factors, including web impact factors, Bradford–Lotka type bibliographies, first-citation studies, word use, diffusion factors, elections and even bestsellers lists. 相似文献
2.
Jon-Arild JohannessenAuthor Vitae Bjørn OlsenAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(1):30-37
Although often downplayed and instrumental, there is evidence that communication in projects is essential in achieving value creation. Our main interest in this paper is on temporary continuity, a situation where the temporary becomes a permanent condition in social systems. The question that we have address is: What characterizes project communication in a situation with temporary continuity?We argue for the need to transform communication processes into communication capabilities. In a situation with temporary continuity, there is a need to connect to a large number of value-creating processes, and communicating capabilities need to be a part of a communication system, where the aim is to bind together value-creating processes and communication capabilities. We construct a viable system consisting of five sub-systems. To become a viable system, projects in the form of temporary continuity, must handle the potential conflict between a culture of performance and a culture of innovation. This involves developing social mechanisms for coordination and interaction, with a focus on developing communication capabilities, in parallel with focusing on all of the five value-creation processes. 相似文献
3.
1961年～2004年东北地区四季降水的时空演变特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用Anusplin插值软件对东北地区146站1961年～2004年四季降水量进行空间化处理,各季区域平均MRE分别为春季14.3%、夏季14.1%;秋季18.1%;冬季25.1%。对栅格数据采用空间分析和时间序列分析相结合的方法进行四季降水时空演变特征分析,结果表明：从时间上看,春季,整个时段呈弱增多趋势,但不显著,1980年代前增加,之后减少;夏季呈减少趋势,1985以后呈显著减少趋势;秋季整个时段呈弱的减少趋势,1990年代开始显著减少,2000年以后略有增加;冬季年代际变化特征明显,呈波动增多趋势,近10年增幅较大。从空间分布上看,春季,黑龙江北部和东部部分地区、吉林东部降水显著增多,增幅为(3～9)mm/10年,辽宁中部部分地区降水显著减少,减幅为(3～7)mm/10年。夏季,东北大部地区降水以减少为主,黑龙江中部和辽东半岛地区显著减少,减幅为(20～40)mm/10年。秋季,东北大部地区降水减少,黑龙江东部局部、吉林中部和南部部分地区显著减少,减幅为(6～10)mm/10年。冬季,黑龙江大部、吉林大部降水显著增多,增幅为(1～3)mm/10年,辽宁南部和西部部分地区显著减少,减幅为(1～2)mm/10年。 相似文献
4.
Lu-Xing Yang Tianrui Zhang Xiaofan Yang Yingbo Wu Yuan Yan Tang 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(16):8079-8105
Circulating the truth and quarantining a subset of rumor spreaders are two major rumor-quelling strategies. In practice, a mixture of the two strategies may be more effective than any one of the two strategies. This paper focuses on effectiveness analysis of the mixed strategy. For this purpose, we are going to establish a rumor-truth competing model on two-layer network. First, we introduce a Markov model characterizing the stochastic dynamics of the rumor-truth competing process, and write the corresponding Kolmogorov model capturing the expected dynamics of the rumor-truth competing process. Second, we give a bilinear model as the first approximation to the Kolmogorov model, and suggest a generic model as a more accurate approximation to the Kolmogorov model. The two models are the focus of concern in this work. For ease in treatment, we describe a limit system of the generic model. By studying the limit model, we present a criterion for the rumor to subside, a criterion for the rumor not necessarily to subside, and a criterion for the rumor to persist, respectively. These findings are instructive to the quelling of false rumors. Finally, through computer experiments we find that when a rumor subsides, the bilinear model is a good approximation to the Kolmogorov model. 相似文献
5.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103149
This paper develops a cooperative federated reinforcement learning (RL) strategy that enables two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to cooperate in learning and predicting the movements of an intelligent deceptive target in a given search area. The proposed strategy allows the UAVs to autonomously cooperate, through information exchange of the gained experience to maximize the target detection performance and accelerate the learning speed while maintaining privacy. Specifically, we consider a monitoring model that includes a search area, a charging station, two cooperative UAVs, an intelligent deceptive uncertain moving target, and a fake (false) target. Each UAV is equipped with a limited-capacity rechargeable battery and a communication unit for exchanging the gained experience. The problem of maximizing the detection probability of the uncertain deceptive target using cooperative UAVs is mathematically modeled as a search-benefit maximization problem, which is then reformulated as a Markov decision process (MDP) due to the uncertainty nature of the problem. Because there is no prior information on the targets’ movement, a cooperative RL, is utilized to tackle the problem. The proposed cooperative RL-based algorithm is a distributed collaborative mechanism that enables the two UAVs, i.e., agents, to individually interact with the operating environment and maximize their cumulative rewards by converging to a shared policy while achieving privacy. Simulation results indicate that a cooperative RL-based dual UAV system can noticeably improve the target detection probability, reduce the detection performance, and accelerate the learning speed. 相似文献
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7.
User-model based personalized summarization 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The potential of summary personalization is high, because a summary that would be useless to decide the relevance of a document if summarized in a generic manner, may be useful if the right sentences are selected that match the user interest. In this paper we defend the use of a personalized summarization facility to maximize the density of relevance of selections sent by a personalized information system to a given user. The personalization is applied to the digital newspaper domain and it used a user-model that stores long and short term interests using four reference systems: sections, categories, keywords and feedback terms. On the other side, it is crucial to measure how much information is lost during the summarization process, and how this information loss may affect the ability of the user to judge the relevance of a given document. The results obtained in two personalization systems show that personalized summaries perform better than generic and generic-personalized summaries in terms of identifying documents that satisfy user preferences. We also considered a user-centred direct evaluation that showed a high level of user satisfaction with the summaries. 相似文献
8.
周亮 《科学．经济．社会》2009,27(2):20-23
流传于西北民间的贤孝艺术,作为国家级非物质文化遗产,具有鲜明的艺术特色、独特的文化价值和积极的社会功能,其隐恶扬善的道德取向对构建和谐社会有一定的启示意义。由于社会环境的发展变化,民间艺术受到了极大的冲击,贤孝艺术也陷入了前所未有的困境,如何保护、传承、革新和发展贤孝艺术,是一个迫切的现实问题。作者对此进行了思考,并提出了具体的措施,以期能对贤孝的生存与发展找到可行的途径,并对其他民间传统文化的传承发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
9.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103200
Performance of text classification models tends to drop over time due to changes in data, which limits the lifetime of a pretrained model. Therefore an ability to predict a model’s ability to persist over time can help design models that can be effectively used over a longer period of time. In this paper, we provide a thorough discussion into the problem, establish an evaluation setup for the task. We look at this problem from a practical perspective by assessing the ability of a wide range of language models and classification algorithms to persist over time, as well as how dataset characteristics can help predict the temporal stability of different models. We perform longitudinal classification experiments on three datasets spanning between 6 and 19 years, and involving diverse tasks and types of data. By splitting the longitudinal datasets into years, we perform a comprehensive set of experiments by training and testing across data that are different numbers of years apart from each other, both in the past and in the future. This enables a gradual investigation into the impact of the temporal gap between training and test sets on the classification performance, as well as measuring the extent of the persistence over time. Through experimenting with a range of language models and algorithms, we observe a consistent trend of performance drop over time, which however differs significantly across datasets; indeed, datasets whose domain is more closed and language is more stable, such as with book reviews, exhibit a less pronounced performance drop than open-domain social media datasets where language varies significantly more. We find that one can estimate how a model will retain its performance over time based on (i) how well the model performs over a restricted time period and its extrapolation to a longer time period, and (ii) the linguistic characteristics of the dataset, such as the familiarity score between subsets from different years. Findings from these experiments have important implications for the design of text classification models with the aim of preserving performance over time. 相似文献
10.
Metrics derived from user visits or sessions provide a means of evaluating Websites and an important insight into online information seeking behaviour, the most important of them being the duration of sessions and the number of pages viewed in a session, a possible busyness indicator. However, the identification of session (termed often ‘sessionization’) is fraught with difficulty in that there is no way of determining from a transactional log file that a user has ended their session. No one logs out. Instead a session delimiter has to be applied and this is typically done on the basis of a standard period of inactivity. To date researchers have discussed the issue of a time out delimiter in terms of a single value and if a page view time exceeds the cut-off value the session is deemed to have ended. This approach assumes that page view time is a single distribution and that the cut-off value is one point on that distribution. The authors however argue that page time distribution is composed of a number of quite separate view time distributions because of the marked differences in view times between pages (abstract, contents page, full text). This implies that a number of timeout delimiters should be applied. Employing data from a study of the OhioLINK digital journal library, the authors demonstrate how the setting of a time out delimiter impacts on the estimate of page view time and the number of estimated session. Furthermore, they also show how a number of timeout delimiters might apply and they argue that this gives a better and more robust estimate of the number of sessions, session time and page view time compared to an application of a single timeout delimiter. 相似文献
11.
Mehul Jariwala S. Suvarna G. Kiran Kumar Alpa Amin A. C. Udas 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(2):181-188
A study of iron, zinc, copper and selenium concentration levels was carried out in three compartments namely, maternal serum (MS), colostrums and cord blood serum (CS) of healthy Indian mothers (n = 42) who delivered healthy normal neonates without any congenital anomalies at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre hospital, Mumbai. Fe, Zn, Cu in maternal serum, cord blood and colostrums were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry while Se was determined by graphite furnace absorption spectrometry. It was seen that there was a significant difference in the level of trace elements in the three compartments. The average levels of Fe in the three compartments were 1,132 ± 519, 2,312 ± 789 and 1,183 ± 602 μg/L while Zn was 514 ± 149, 819 ± 224 and 7,148 ± 2,316 μg/L respectively. Mean Cu values were 1,614 ± 295, 301 ± 77 and 392 ± 174 μg/L respectively while Se values were 70 ± 15, 36 ± 10 and 23 ± 8 μg/L respectively. The results indicated a positive correlation of Fe and Zn concentrations in MS versus CS which were (r = 0.386), (r = 0.572) respectively and Fe levels in MS and colostrums (r = 0.235). A few inter element correlations were found within compartments. Zn and Se showed a negative correlation in both MS (r = −0.489) and colostrums (r = −0.258) while a positive inter correlation of Fe and Zn was seen in MS (r = 0.44) and in CS (r = 0.54). This study gave us an overview of the serum and colostrum values of mother and neonates in Indian population, data of which are scarce. 相似文献
12.
高校作为创新知识和繁荣文化的重要场所,是社会培养专业人才的阵地。衡量大学办学水平的重要标志就是是否为社会培养出了一批高质量、高素质的创新人才。校友作为高校的＂人才产品＂和＂品牌形象＂,已经成为了一张张高校改革发展和核心竞争力的名片。校友作为一个信息丰富、知识密集与母校有着特殊感情联系的群体性资源,必将会成为高校改革发展的特殊资源,在提升学校声誉,凝聚学校力量,传承学校人脉,提供发展空间等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。 相似文献
13.
价值共创作为一个新兴的、多学科融合的和极具发展前景的研究主题,已经成为当前理论和实践研究的前沿与重点。本文运用文献计量法对价值共创主题文献进行了系统梳理,整理并归纳出价值共创研究的发展脉络和规律以及内容框架。基于价值共创的前因-过程-结果,本文构建了价值共创研究的知识体系：价值共创的模式与过程、价值共创的驱动因素、顾客共创体验和价值共创的结果,并在分析现有研究不足的基础上指出了未来的研究方向,以期为国内价值共创领域的研究提供参考。 相似文献
14.
从外部环境、内部结构和耦合效益三个方面构建指标体系,测算省域2001-2017年科技与金融耦合系统脆弱性指数。先构建动态面板模型,研究表明：总体样本中,人才要素集聚能有效降低耦合脆弱性,技术要素呈正相关关系,其显著性相对较低;东部地区人才和金融资本集聚呈负相关关系,技术集聚呈正相关关系;中西部地区金融资本是耦合脆弱性降低的主要驱动力。再构建空间计量模型考虑空间影响：耦合脆弱性表现显著空间集聚状态,存在正向溢出效应,人才集聚能够降低周边地区耦合脆弱性,金融资本集聚则发挥阻滞效应。 相似文献
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16.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(1):35-43
User resistance is a complex phenomenon long viewed as a major constraint in successful information technology implementation. User resistance, which can vary between passive and active, could be a source of guidance towards reducing problems associated with organisational change. However, rather than embracing user resistance and seeing it as a learning opportunity and a tool for managing current and future difficulties around user resistance, organisations fear it. There exist a wide literature on user resistance spanning decades; focusing separately on user resistance, and various related factors. However, there is no comprehensive overview of the research work published. This study presents a comprehensive literature review to gain a better understanding of the contents of the current user resistance literature. Based on the findings from the literature review, areas of concern and the impact of user resistance on the development of new information technology are identified and how to overcome the resistance is suggested. 相似文献
17.
影响中国企业自主品牌决策的因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
当前，自主品牌已经成为制约中国企业和国家经济发展的主要障碍，本文在文献综述的基础上，以信息经济学和资源基础观点为理论支撑，以Papadakis等（1998）所提出的战略决策流程模型为框架基础，进行整舍性研究，试图提出系统全面的解释，探索中国企业发展自主品牌的影响因素以及关键成功因素，并构建了关于自主品牌决策的理论体系和分析框架。 相似文献
18.
There is strong pressure to achieve greater uniformity, standardization and application of best practices in the service professions, a sector that is growing in presence and importance. At the same time, there is a conflicting demand for the delivery of high-quality (or high-priced or “knowledge-intensive”) specialized or localized services. Our article analyzes information systems-enabled standardizing of service work through an in-depth interpretative study of an ongoing standardization initiative within the field of nursing. Nursing provides a graphic illustration of the dilemmas involved in the standardization of service work. In nursing, standardization is commonly a feature of projects to improve both efficiency and quality in health care. In contrast to the dominant conception of standardization as a largely top-down, imposed process, we offer a view of standardization as incomplete, co-constructed with users, and with significant unintended consequences. The article contributes by (a) developing a theoretical perspective for the standardization of information-system-embedded service work and (2) providing operational and practical implications for system design and health care management. 相似文献
19.
There is strong pressure to achieve greater uniformity, standardization and application of best practices in the service professions, a sector that is growing in presence and importance. At the same time, there is a conflicting demand for the delivery of high-quality (or high-priced or “knowledge-intensive”) specialized or localized services. Our article analyzes information systems-enabled standardizing of service work through an in-depth interpretative study of an ongoing standardization initiative within the field of nursing. Nursing provides a graphic illustration of the dilemmas involved in the standardization of service work. In nursing, standardization is commonly a feature of projects to improve both efficiency and quality in health care. In contrast to the dominant conception of standardization as a largely top-down, imposed process, we offer a view of standardization as incomplete, co-constructed with users, and with significant unintended consequences. The article contributes by (a) developing a theoretical perspective for the standardization of information-system-embedded service work and (2) providing operational and practical implications for system design and health care management. 相似文献
20.
传统企业应用软件产品,比如办公自己化系统、企业管理系统及生产管理系统,在软件的开发或是体系结构上都是紧耦合的,封闭的,独立的系统,属于在产品端一次性投资完成的系统。这样的软件系统是很难满足客户各种要求或是适应快速变化的市场,以及后期系统的扩张。在这样的市场背景下,为满足用户系统设计的需求,就催生了一个新的软件产品设计或架构的概念:面向服务架构(SOA架构),为高效地处理一个多变而复杂和动态业务要求,企业需要一个自动化的灵活和动态的方法来处理关键业务和管理流程的建设,SOA提供了动态实现的框架来满足企业的需要。 相似文献