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1.
“民众心理学”是当代心灵哲学和认知科学争论的热点和焦点，它指的是与科学的认知心理学不同的、积淀在人们心理结构中的、可以用来解释人的行为的理论。因涉及心灵哲学的若干根本问题，围绕这一理论又兴起了各种不同的诠释理论，将有助于心灵哲学的进一步发展。 相似文献
2.
《现代教育科学》2016,(7)
在布鲁纳看来,民间心理学主要存在于我们赖以生存的文化中。人们通常将其称为民间社会心理学,甚至更简单地称为"普遍意识"。作为一种学说,民间心理学缘起于20世纪三四十年代的人类学特别是认知人类学的研究,社会学在20世纪六七十年代的"转向"、科学心理学在20世纪七八十年代的"反叛"为其发展提供了内在动力。民间心理学的核心思想主要由心灵、自我和知识三个相互关联的信念构成。其中,关于心灵的信念主要包括四种心灵模型,即:模仿的心灵、白板的心灵、互动的心灵和经营知识的心灵;关于自我的信念主要包括自我的本质和自我的建构;关于知识的信念主要包括知识的本质、知识的来源和知识的获得。 相似文献
3.
《科学技术哲学研究》2017,(2)
心理学哲学是一门探求心理学的哲学基础的学科。伴随认知科学产生以来所形成的对心灵与认知本质的跨学科与系统性研究范式的确立,心理学哲学的研究在当代焕发出了新的生机,进而成为当前最具活力的科学哲学分支学科之一。文章基于对《心理学与认知科学哲学》的考察,在细梳当代心理学哲学核心论域的基础上,进一步对其发展特征进行了分析。 相似文献
4.
丁晓军 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2013,(5)
哲学践行作为西方哲学的新转向，已在世界范围内掀起对人类心灵关照的热潮。思想分析是哲学践行的一种进路，其要点是运用逻辑的方法，通过苏格拉底式对话，帮助顾客清除因信念“冲突”而造成的心灵痛苦。从整体论出发，奎因主张对产生了冲突的信念网进行动态修正，并且给出了保守性、谦和性、简单性、概括性、可证伪性、精确性这六个考量标准。基于奎因的信念网，思想分析可以获得程序化的、利用逻辑对信念网进行修正的整体论模式。通过对信念网的审视，思想分析可以使人们的生活更美好。 相似文献
5.
葛鲁嘉 《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2005,7(4):76-79
哲学的心理学是心理学最古老的历史形态之一。在科学心理学诞生之前，心理学就寄生在哲学之中，是哲学的一个探索领域。哲学的心理学的最重要的研究方式是思辨和猜测。正是通过思辨和猜测。哲学的心理学探索了人类心理行为几乎所有重要的方面。当心理学成为科学门类之后，哲学的心理学在哲学研究中成为心灵哲学的研究。但是，心理学哲学的研究则仍然在考察心理学研究中关于对象、方法和技术的理论前提或前提假设。 相似文献
6.
苏晓云 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,40(4):33-37
罗蒂对传统认识论哲学的批判与“治疗”,经历了从语言学转向到心灵之镜破碎的过程。他曾一度热衷于分析哲学,但很快就背叛了它。罗蒂认为知识是没有基础的,既没有确定的“语言”基础,也没有笛卡尔式的“心灵实体”基础,认识不过是信念与欲望之网的重新编织活动。传统哲学是一种“镜式”哲学,“基础主义”是其根本特征。 相似文献
7.
现代心理学有许多基础信念：“心理世界”与“现实世界”相对立；心理是对客观现实的反映；心理借助言语和行为而表现；语言是对客观现实的图画等。本文以当代哲学的发展和后现代心理学的批判为导向，对上述体现着现代文化精神的心理学基础信念作了批判性反恩。 相似文献
8.
李艳鸽 《荆门职业技术学院学报》2011,(10):41-43
意向性问题是当代心灵哲学的前沿问题,也是心理学研究的重要课题。文章从心理学对意向性的概念分析入手,探讨了意向性理解的发生学机制以及意向性的社会认知作用。 相似文献
9.
主客观问题是关系到心理学发展的重大理论问题,如何以客观无私的方法去解构带有主观性的心灵,是心理学家们面临的难题之一.对这一问题的回答,形成了心理学中两种不同的研究取向:奉行的符合论真理观的科学主义心理学和奉行相对主义真理观的后现代心理学.基于普特南内在实在论哲学的立场上,分析了两种真理观的内涵、表现及其是非功过,并重点阐释了普特南哲学对于心理知识观重构的启示. 相似文献
10.
民间心理学及其阐释问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高新民 《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2001,40(6):5-13
行为主义否定心理主义概念的风波尚未真正平息，取消主义对命题态度民间心理学的驱逐号角又吹响了。为了推进我国对民间心理学的本质、特点、地位和命运的探讨，本文分析了民间心理学的含义、内容和特征，探讨了西方心灵哲学围绕这一课题所展开的阐释、争论及其意义。 相似文献
11.
Stephen Petrina 《Interchange》2004,35(1):81-126
What should be learned? How should it be organized for teaching? These seemingly simple questions are deceivingly political. Curriculum theorists are preoccupied with the politics of the first question at the expense of the realpolitik of the second. Instructional designers are preoccupied with the realpolitik of the second question at the expense of the politics of the first. I argue that conceptual distances between curriculum theory and instructional design are based on divisions of labour established during the 1960s. After decades of neglect, curriculum theorists, and specifically critical theorists, appear clueless when it comes to curriculum design and the realpolitik of their causes. When it comes to the realpolitik of practice their political causes are formless. Quite the opposite of critical theorists, instructional theorists nearly mastered the realpolitik of form but have no political causes. I argue that, to contradict the status quo of C&;I, curriculum theorists will have to dirty their hands with the realpolitik of form and instructional designers will have to clutter their heads with theory. 相似文献
12.
理本论是朱熹哲学思想的核心和最高范畴,也是朱熹整个学术思想的核心和理论基础。这是一个具有客观唯心主义性质和伦理本位色彩的哲学范畴。其本体论哲学的构建是通过对传统文化中儒、道、佛三家思想的全面吸收和改造而完成的。具体讲:吸收佛学本体论的思维模式并将之改造为道德本体论;吸收儒学的道德学说并将之改造为伦理本位的哲学:吸收道家的认识论思想并将之改造为伦理体验的认识论。 相似文献
13.
It is known by entropy theory that image is a source correlated with a certain characteristic of probability. The entropy rate of the source and ? entropy (rate-distortion function theory) are the information content to identify the characteristics of video images, and hence are essentially related with video image compression. They are fundamental theories of great significance to image compression, though impossible to be directly turned into a compression method. Based on the entropy theory and the image compression theory, by the application of the rate-distortion feature mathematical model and Lagrange multipliers to some theoretical problems in the H.264 standard, this paper presents a new the algorithm model of coding rate-distortion. This model is introduced into complete test on the capability of the test model of JM61e (JUT Test Model). The result shows that the speed of coding increases without significant reduction of the rate-distortion performance of the coder. 相似文献
14.
A range of sociological work has theorized neoliberal regulative regimes, suggesting the contradictions contained in the enactment of policy and foregrounding the painful effects of these processes on subjectivities produced within performative school cultures. This paper contributes to this body of work by tracing the movement of desire in teaching assistants’ subjective relations to workplace practices of remuneration. We do this through an analysis of a series of group- and individual-free associative interviews with teaching assistants working in primary schools. Drawing on a Lacanian account of the way processes of identification channel affect, as desire, through signifying chains within a discursive field, we explore the associative chains of meaning that overdetermine the subjectivities produced within performative practices of remuneration. We suggest that the complex and contradictory chains of signification embodied in the school environment constitute a space where fragile teaching assistant subjectivities reiterate previous relations to an ambiguous Other. 相似文献
15.
Clarence W. Joldersma 《Interchange》2008,39(1):21-47
This article explores the question: Why are students of worth? Educationally, an answer often involves a Kantian response:
They are of worth because they are always ends and never means. This response is usually connected to a notion of autonomy
interpreted as individual, rational self-determination. The article argues for a different answer. The essay begins with a
recent educational example of construing worth as rational autonomy. Meira Levinson, in her book The Demands of Liberal Education (1999), argues for a version of rational autonomy which is taken in the essay as a Kantian response to the question. The
essay then turns to Kant’s own understanding of intrinsic human worth as ends. Although the essay agrees in general with the
notion of end, it criticizes Kant’s version of rational autonomy. Instead, it argues for a notion of worth as irreplaceable
singularity. Both the critique of the Kantian answer and theessay’salternative are shaped by the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas.
Here technical notions of “the other,” proximity and singularity are brought to bear on the question of human worth. The Levinasian
alternative, so the essay argues, better answers the question of student worth by highlighting the incomparability of the
student as a singular other. 相似文献
16.
吴琍华 《湘潭师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2005,27(1):38-40
高校文化的内部功能有：(1)影响成员意识和规范成员行为，(2)增强学校凝聚力，(3)调节学校内部的社会关系；外部功能有：(1)利用组织意识指导学校与环境互动，(2)利用高校文化特征树立学校形象，(3)利用特定的高校文化适应环境。高校文化的内容包括：意识体系，制度性规范，行为基本模式，象征性符号和模范人物故事和传说等。高校文化的主要特征应与各校特有专业相联系。高校文化内部传播的目的是维持学校内部统一、实现整体协调和整体运作；外部传播的目的是突出本校的文化个性，给公众留下深刻的识别印象，扩大本校对，公众的影响力。 相似文献
17.
古丽尼萨·恰布达尔汗 《新疆教育学院学报》2008,24(4)
本文主要讨论平移集合的最基本性质,即集合的并,合的平移性,集合的基数的平移性,集合的有界性的平移性,极值性的平移性,可数集合的平移性等问题。 相似文献
18.
管秀丽 《读与写:教育教学刊》2008,5(5):1-3
Theodore Dreiser is now regarded as one of the pre-eminent American realistic novelists of the first half of the twentieth century.an anatomist of the American Dream.In his great work An American Tragedy,Dreis- er exposes and criticizes mercilessly the corruption and black side of American society.The disillusionment of the American Dream is an important theme of the fiction.This paper illustrates "An American Tragedy" is the re- flection of disillusionment of the American Dream in the perspectives of the tragedy of a mortal,the tragedy of American society,and the tragedy of the American Dream. 相似文献
19.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2009,41(2):155-165
This paper discusses the most persistent controversial issue that occurred in Western educational philosophy ever since Socrates questioned the Sophists: the role of truth in teaching. Ways of teaching these kinds of controversy issues are briefly considered to isolate their epistemic characteristics, which will enable the interpretation of Plato and Dewey as exemplars of rationalism and empiricism regarding the role of knowledge in the curriculum and thus include their partial truths in the epistemic ethos of teaching. The consideration of pedagogy will then include the partial truths of rationalism and empiricism in the epistemic ethos of teaching by following Kant's 'Concepts without percepts are empty; perceptions without conceptions are blind'.
This claim, however, is narrowed down in two ways compatible with postmodernism and the heavy emphasis on constructionism in faculties of education. After quoting Harry Broudy's statement that the educational epistemic ethos should be domain-specific, guided by the experts' inquiry protocols in each curricular area, it is narrowed down further with Maxine Greene's explication that it should be pluralistic and lesson-specific. This epistemic ethos is not argued as a synthesis but as an aggregate of the partial truths of various epistemologies in the spirit of the postmodern doubt in any one theory of knowledge without throwing out the baby with the dirty bath water.
Finally, the streams of consciousness involved in teaching and learning good knowledge are described phenomenologically to disclose how truth can be disclosed in teaching, thereby grounding propositional knowledge, for example, ontologically in the being of the student and in the being of the world. 相似文献
This claim, however, is narrowed down in two ways compatible with postmodernism and the heavy emphasis on constructionism in faculties of education. After quoting Harry Broudy's statement that the educational epistemic ethos should be domain-specific, guided by the experts' inquiry protocols in each curricular area, it is narrowed down further with Maxine Greene's explication that it should be pluralistic and lesson-specific. This epistemic ethos is not argued as a synthesis but as an aggregate of the partial truths of various epistemologies in the spirit of the postmodern doubt in any one theory of knowledge without throwing out the baby with the dirty bath water.
Finally, the streams of consciousness involved in teaching and learning good knowledge are described phenomenologically to disclose how truth can be disclosed in teaching, thereby grounding propositional knowledge, for example, ontologically in the being of the student and in the being of the world. 相似文献
20.
Jeff Noonan 《Interchange》2003,34(1):35-49
The paper is a critique of the dominant model of applied philosophy. As currently structured, courses in applied philosophy are a response of philosophy departments to administrative demands to increase enrollment units. In order to achieve this goal, the properly philosophical approach to matters of concrete social concern is dropped in favour of decontextualized, ahistorical, and uncritical applications of philosophical theories to immediate practical problems. Using the example of applied ethics, I argue that the key problem besetting current trends in applied philosophy is that they all fail to uncover the contradiction between given social regimes of value and the universal concepts which must be employed to legitimate those regimes. While it is an essential duty of philosophy to be relevant to the practical issues of the day, it must be relevant on philosophical terms. That is, the real application of philosophy to social problems is not the unthinking mapping of a particular philosophical theory onto a problem, but bringing to light the hidden value assumptions definitive of different societies, and shaking to the foundation their claims to legitimacy. I spell out this alternative approach to applied philosophy through an example drawn from my own teaching practice. 相似文献