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1.
《洛阳师范学院学报》2017,(11):32-35
本实验在洛河中采集水蓼,分别置于梯度浓度的CuSO_4和ZnCl_2中培养,观察其形态变化.结果表明,水蓼在CuSO_4溶液中培养12天后,叶片在浓度1.5mg/L以上受到影响,从下至上逐渐出现枯黄、斑点,在浓度超过2.5mg/L时,靠近根部的叶片干枯、脱落;在氯化锌溶液中,叶片在浓度1.5mg/L以上受到影响,在浓度达到2.5mg/L时,靠近根部的叶片枯萎、脱落,水廖的茎部变软,向一边倾斜.以上结果说明,水蓼对于Cu、Zn的污染均比较敏感,有明显的形态变化,可以作为这两种重金属污染的报告植物. 相似文献
2.
重金属胁迫背景下的任豆幼苗抗性生理试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别用浓度为0~30 mg/L和0~150 mg/L的重金属Cu2+、Cd2+、Pd2+、Zn2+处理任豆幼苗,观察其生长情况,测定其叶片的叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量及总黄酮含量,分析其抗性生理特征。结果表明:任豆幼苗对不同重金属离子胁迫的耐性不同,在不同浓度的同一重金属离子胁迫下,任豆幼苗叶片的叶绿素、丙二醛、黄酮含量有明显差异;任豆幼苗对不同重金属的抗性不同,对Cu2+、Cd2+、Pd2+、Zn2+四种重金属离子耐性大小的排序为:Pd2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Cu2+。根据任豆幼苗在重金属胁迫下所表现出的抗性生理特征及相关的实验结果,可利用任豆对Pd、Zn、Cd、Cu污染的土壤进行修复。 相似文献
3.
重金属铅对无齿蚌肝脏和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蔡垚 《南京晓庄学院学报》2009,25(6)
研究了不同浓度的铅(Pb2+)对无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)肝脏和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果表明:在Pb2+浓度低于0.5 mg/L时对肝脏SOD活性起诱导作用,在Pb2+浓度低于0.7 mg/L时对肌肉SOD活性起诱导作用,最大值出现在0.2 mg/L附近;而高浓度Pb2+(高于0.7 mg/L)对SOD起抑制作用.灵敏度结果显示,低浓度Pb2+胁迫下(0.1 mg/L),肝脏SOD的诱导倍数高于肌肉.无齿蚌肝脏SOD对水环境中的重金属反应敏感,对重金属的早期污染有指示作用. 相似文献
4.
一、选择题1.与8gSO3中氧原子数相等的是A.0.2m olH2O B.6.6gCO2C.6.4gSO2D.6.72LCO(常温、常压)2.在反应3Cu2S+22H N O3=6Cu(N O3)2+3H2SO4+10NO↑+8H2O中,1m ol还原剂失去电子的物质的量为A.6m ol B.8m ol C.10m ol D.12m ol3.将5m ol/L的M g(NO3)2溶液am L稀释至bm L,稀释后溶液中NO3-的物质的量浓度为A.5ba m ol/L B.1b0am ol/LC.a5b m ol/L D.ba m ol/L4.在等体积的NaCl、M gCl2、AlCl33种溶液中,分别加入等量物质的量浓度相同的A gNO3溶液,恰好都完全反应,则以上3种溶液的物质的量浓度之比为A.1∶2∶3B.3∶2… 相似文献
5.
采用L16(44)正交法将Cd2+、Zn2+、Cu2+和Pb2+以不同浓度复合添加于培养基中,以研究其对光合细菌沼泽红假单细胞菌生长与净化PO43- -P和NH4+ -N能力的影响.对实验结果进行方差分析发现,四种重金属离子对该菌的延缓期、菌体增殖时间、最大O.D值(λ=680nm)、PO43- -P和NH4+ -N去除量均未达显著水平,其中Cu2+,Cd2+对延缓期影响与显著水平接近.从其F值及添加于培养基中的浓度看,其毒性大小为Cu2+＞Cd2+＞Zn2+、Pb2+,Zn2+和Pb2+毒性较接近.实验还发现,4种重金属离子复合污染时存在拮抗现象,使Cd2+,Cu2+毒性降低. 相似文献
6.
研究了不同浓度的钠盐（Na2SO4和Na2CO3）胁迫对红麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明：不同浓度盐胁迫对红麻种子的发芽指标和活力指数均有一定抑制作用,随浓度的增加抑制作用越强.浓度10~50 mmol/L的Na2SO4胁迫下,红麻种子的发芽势、发芽指数与对照没有显著差异,但活力指数显著低于对照,而当Na2SO4浓度为100 mmol/L时种子的发芽势、发芽指数与对照存在显著差异,Na2SO4浓度为200 mmol/L时种子不能萌发;Na2CO3浓度≥50 mmol/L时,红麻种子不能萌发.相同浓度下,Na2CO3比Na2SO4对红麻种子萌发的抑制作用更明显. 相似文献
7.
对上海市高架道路17场降雨径流进行收集监测,分析了降雨径流中10种重金属和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度.结果表明:上海市高架道路径流中10种重金属As,Se,Zn,Pb,Ni,Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu和Al的浓度范围分别为0.50~51.80,0~20.80,13.67~445.80,0~44.20,0~15.80,39.58~264.20,0~253.00,0~8.20,0~124.20,159.83~536.40μg/L.其中,Se,Pb,Mn和Al浓度值超过了其对应的基准连续浓度,而Zn和Cu则超过了其所对应的基准最大浓度.径流中多环芳烃浓度值范围为37.25~114.57ng/L,均低于对应的基准连续浓度.Zn,Cu和PAHs表现出明显的初期冲刷效应.运用改进的内梅罗指数法对径流水质进行评价,发现8场降雨径流样品水质生物毒性极强,4场生物毒性较强,3场生物毒性一般,仅有2场生物毒性较弱.因此,城市高架道路径流对水生态系统具有较高的生态风险,需对其进行净化处理. 相似文献
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9.
竹炭-有机复合吸附剂对Cu~(2+)吸附行为研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
研究了竹炭及其改性体粒径、用量、吸附时间、温度及铜离子(Cu2+)初始浓度等因素对Cu2+吸附效果的影响。结果表明:竹炭及其改性体对Cu2+吸附率随粒径减小而增大,用量增加而增大;Cu2+初始浓度增大,吸附率减小;对Cu2+吸附平衡约2h;最佳吸附温度为20—40℃,pH为3—4。改性体2效果最佳,30—50目粒径时去除率达99%以上,当溶液浓度为1.26g/L时,其比吸附量最大,为95.8mg/g。 相似文献
10.
一、反应体系中多种粒子均过量时的计算例1在200ml某溶液中,含0.01molKNO3,0.5molH2SO4,往其中加入1.92gCu(反应后溶液体积不变)。计算在标准状况下生成多少升气体?分析:生成的Cu(NO3)2以Cu2+和NO3-存在于溶液中,当溶液中有H+离子时,Cu与HNO3反应生成NO气体。3Cu+8H++2NO3-=3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2O,只能根据离子反应方程式进行计算。解:设在标准状况下生成xL气体。n(Cu)=641.g9/2mgol=0.03mol(H+)=0.5mol×2=1mol(NO3-)=0.01mol0.01molNO3-和1molH+、0.03molCu反应,H+离子和Cu均过量。NO3-～NO1mol1mol0.01mol xx=0.01mol v(NO… 相似文献
11.
INTRODUCTION Chromium is a commonly identified soils andgroundwater contaminant. Cr(VI) is toxic, carcino-genic, and has great subsurface mobility. In contrast,Cr(III) is relatively non-toxic and immobile. Muchresearch focused on the remediation of Cr(VI) such asadsorption by zeolites (Bowman, 2003) or silicas(Hideaki et al., 2002), chemical reduction by ferrousiron (Buerge and Hug, 1999; Fendorf and Li, 1996) orzero-valent iron (Powell and Puls, 1997; Alowitz andScherer, 2002), b… 相似文献
12.
The effectiveness of vitamin C in treating Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated water is being evaluated. Cr(Ⅵ) is an identified pollutant of some soils and groundwater. Vitamin C, an important biological reductant in humans and animals, can be used to transform Cr(Ⅵ) to essentially nontoxic Cr(Ⅲ). The removal efficiency was 89% when the mass concentration of vitamin C was 80 mg/L in 60 min, and nearly 100% Cr(Ⅵ) was removed when the mass concentration was 100 mg/L. Our data demonstrated that the removal efficiency was affected by vitamin C concentration, the reaction temperature and the dissolved oxygen concentration.The reaction mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) by vitamin C was presented. Our study opens the way to use vitamin C to remediate Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soils and groundwater. 相似文献
13.
磁流体对工业废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用共沉淀法制备了粒径为10nm的Fe3O4磁性微粒,分散于水中生成饱和磁化强度35mT的水基磁流体,用此磁流体对模拟与实际废水中Cr（Ⅵ）进行了吸附研究。结果表明,吸附的最佳实验条件为pH=3,温度为45℃,吸附时间为0．5h。用Langmuir等温模型和假二级动力学模型探讨了磁流体对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附机理,该过程为单离子层吸附。在最佳实验条件下,磁流体对实际制革废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的饱和吸附量达66．5mg／g,废水中残N／Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为0．2mg／L,低于工业废水排放的国家标准（0．5mg／L）。 相似文献
14.
利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、零价铁(ZVI)和SRB+ZVI三个不同的反应体系设计血清瓶序批式实验和连续流动柱式反应器实验对模拟地浸采铀废水进行处理.在此基础上探讨ZVI对于硫酸盐生物还原法处理废水的强化作用.厌氧序批式实验结果表明,SRB和ZVI对铀的固定具有明显的协同增强作用,当反应时间t=2、4h时,SRB+ZVI联合体系的铀去除效率比两对照组之和仍分别高出29.9%和13.4%.柱式反应器实验结果显示,SRB+ZVI复合反应器比未充填铁粉的单一SRB生物反应器在碱化废水pH值、提高脱硫效率和固定铀的能力方面效果更佳. 相似文献
15.
张志刚 《福建工程学院学报》2014,(6):557-561
采用柚子皮制备生物吸附剂用于去除水中的Cr(VI),考察了p H值、柚子皮投加量、柚子皮粒径、溶液离子强度、反应温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,当溶液中Cr(VI)离子初始浓度15mg/L、p H 1.5、反应温度25℃、柚子皮投加量1.0g/100 m L、吸附时间7 h时,Cr(VI)离子去除率可达90%以上。柚子皮对Cr(VI)离子的吸附过程可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型来描述,吸附等温线线性相关性均较显著,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。柚子皮对水中Cr(VI)离子吸附性能较好,且运行成本低,可推广应用于水中重金属离子的治理。 相似文献
16.
Removal of chromium (VI) dissolved in water by intermittent foam separation was implemented with cetyl trimethy-ammonium bromide
as surfactant. The influence of various factors on removal efficiency was systematically studied. The removal efficiency has
a maximum value near pH 4.0; thus, most experiments were carried out at pH 4.0. The orthogonal experiment was conducted to
confirm the optimal operating parameters. The orthogonal experimental results show that when the liquid feed concentration
is 10 mg/L, the pH value of feed solution is 4.00, air flow rates 0.9 L/min, surfactant dosage is 300 mg/L, the maximum removal
efficiency of chromium (VI) reaches 97.80%, and condense multiple reaches 1 711. The kinetic test indicates that the foam
separation of chromium is a first-order process. The equivalent rate constant calculated from the slope is 0.406 4, and the
equivalent rate equation is obtained. 相似文献
17.
Some laboratory diffusion tests were conducted with diffusion device to determine the diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) ion passing through Dalian red clay samples. The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) at different places of the samples were then measured spectrophotometrically after a standing time of 1 000 d. A one-dimensional solute transport equation was used to simulate the transport of Cr(Ⅵ) through clay samples. Back-calculation of diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) was made with finite difference method. Parametric analysis was conducted to simulate variations in soil dry density, temperature, pH and standing time. The results show that the method used in this paper is simple and effective. The diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) in Dalian red clay varies from 1.50×10-7 cm2/s to 2.08×10-7 cm2/s. After 1 000 d diffusion, the concentration of the source solution drops down to 1.27 mg/L from 62.5 mg/L, and the diffusion distance is only 3.5 cm. Under the assumption that diffusion coefficient is constant, the diffusion effect becomes more obvious with lower density, lower temperature, higher pH value, and much more time. 相似文献
18.
CAI Jing ZHENG Ping MAHMOOD Qaisar ISLAM Ejazul HU Bao-lan WU Dong-lei 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(7):1149-1156
The optimal operation conditions in an anoxic sulfide oxidizing (ASO) bioreactor were investigated. The maximal removal rates for sulfide and nitrate were found to be 4.18 kg/(m3·d) and 1.73 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The volumetrical volumetric loading rates (LRs) observed through decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) at fixed substrate concentration are higher than those by increasing substrate concentration at fixed HRT. The sulfide oxidation in ASO reactor was partially producing both sulfate and sulfur; but the amount of sulfate produced was approximately one third that of sulfur. The process was able to tolerate high sulfide concentration, as the sulfide removal percentage always remained near 99% when influent concentration was up to 580 mg/L. It tolerated relatively lower nitrate concentration because the removal percentage dropped to 85% when influent con- centration was increased above 110 mg/L. The process can tolerate shorter HRT but careful operation is needed. Nitrate conversion was more sensitive to HRT than sulfide conversion since the process performance deteriorated abruptly when HRT was decreased from 3.12 h to 2.88 h. In order to avoid nitrite accumulation in the reactor, the influent sulfide and nitrate concentrations should be kept at 280 mg/L and 67.5 mg/L respectively. Present biotechnology is useful for removing sulfides from sewers and crude oil. 相似文献
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20.
Cr(VI) and phenol are toxic contaminants that need to be treated, and different methods have been researched to simultaneously remove these two contaminants from industrial wastewater. In this study, Cr(VI) was used as a novel Fenton-like catalyst in phenol degradation by H2O2. In the pH range of 3.0‒11.0, the degradation efficiency of phenol decreased with elevated pH. At pH = 3.0, 100 mg/L phenol was effectively degraded by 2 mmol/L Cr(VI) and 20 mmol/L H2O2. At pH = 7.0 and the same conditions as those of pH = 3.0, 79% of 100 mg/L phenol was removed within 6 h, which was an improvement in pH limitation compared with the Fe(II)-mediated Fenton reaction. Quenching experiments indicated that ·OH generated from the catalysis of H2O2 by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI) was the primary oxidant that degraded phenol. When pyrophosphate was added in the Cr(VI)/H2O2 system, complexes with the Cr(V) intermediate rapidly formed and inhibited H2O2 decomposition, implying that the decomposition of H2O2 to ·OH was catalyzed by Cr(V) instead of Cr(VI). The presence of anions such as chloride and sulfate had insignificant effect on the degradation of phenol. TOC and UV analyses suggest that phenol could not be completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O, and the intermediates identified by high performance liquid chromatography further indicates that maleic acid and benzoquinone were intermediates which may be further degraded into short chain acids, primarily maleic, formic, acetic, and oxalic acids, and eventually into CO2 and H2O. Considering that more than 50% Cr(VI) can also be removed during this process, the Cr(VI)/H2O2 system is more appropriate for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol contaminants from industrial wastewater.
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