首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
The adsorption of CO2 can be enhanced through loading amines on adsorbents, therefore, the separation of CO2 from other gases is promoted. Water plays an important role in this process. Water increases both the adsorption amount of CO2 and the separation coefficient with N2 for all amines loaded. However, the effect of loading trialkylamines is not remarkable in the absence of water. The effect of loading dialkylamine does not depend on water, but the adsorbent cannot be regenerated at ambient temperature. In comparison, an adsorbent loading trialkylamine can be regenerated at ambient temperature even in the presence of water with fairly good stability.  相似文献   

2.
This study proposes a model of syngas production from municipal solid waste （MSW） gasification with air in fixed bed reactors. The model （using Aspen plus simulator） is used to predict the results of MSW gasification and to provide some process fundamentals concerning syngas production from MSW gasification. The effects of gasification temperature, air equiva- lence ratio and moisture concentration on the composition of syngas, lower heating value （LHV） of syngas, heat conversion efficiency, and carbon conversion are discussed. The results indicate that higher temperature improves gasification, and higher air equivalence ratio increases the carbon conversion while decreasing syngas LHV. Heat conversion efficiency increases and reaches the maximum and then decreases with the increase of air equivalence ratio. Higher moisture concentration increases the carbon conversion and increases the heat conversion efficiency at lower ratios. Higher temperature and a lower equivalence ratio are favorable for obtaining a higher LHV of syngas at the same moisture concentration.  相似文献   

3.
Due to large-scale dredging operations, a large amount of sludge is inevitably produced. Large areas of land are occupied when the dredged sludge is discarded in the disposal site as waste material. The sludge dewatering with aeration-vacuum (SDAV) method is suit for treating the sludge with high water content and high clay content in the disposal site. The water in the sludge can be discharged out. The volume of the sludge can be reduced quickly, and the recycling of the land can be accelerated by this method. Most importantly, this technique is an efficient way to deal with clogging problems when pumping water from high water content, high clay content dredged sludge. Vacuum degree range tests, the aeration rate range tests, and the influencing factors of sludge dewatering behavior tests were conducted with a self-developed SDAV model test device. Sludge samples were taken from the South-to-North Water Diversion East Line Project in Huai’an White-Horse Lake disposal site, Jiangsu Province, China. The optimal range of vacuum degree and aeration rate were obtained through the test results, and the mechanisms for how the two factors work and how they affect the sludge dewatering behavior were analyzed. The suitable vacuum degree range in SDAV is below 50 kPa, and the suitable aeration rate is about 1.0 m3/h. The low-vacuum degree contributes to reduce the ad-sorption effect of micro-channels on soil particles in filter material and to maintain the arch structures. Aeration has the effects of expansion, disturbance, changing Reynolds number, and dynamic sieve separating. The pump quantity of water per meter of filter tube (m) has different change rules as the vacuum degree changes under different aeration rates. The reason is that the formed arch structures’ conformation and permeability differ greatly under different combined-conditions of vacuum degree and aeration rate. The optimal combined-condition for dewatering the sludge is 35 kPa with 1.0 m3/h.  相似文献   

4.
In this work we study the behaviour of the dielectric constant of BaTiO3 single crystals doped with Cu and Fe for different ion percentages, particularly, the influence of these hetemvalent substitutions on the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition whose temperature is found at Tc=120℃ for pure samples. The dielectric constant e in terms of temperature shows that the Curie temperature decreases when the quantity of impurities increases and presents a broadening and flattering of the maximum oft（T） within higher values, with the transition becoming more and more diffuse. It is interesting to have a material with very high permittivity （high-k） because of its capacity to store an important quantity of electric charges. The t anisotropy and the Curie-Weiss law are also verified with a good ratio between the slopes ofε^-l（T） from both sides of the transition, leading to a Curie constant： C= 13 × 10^4 K for BaTiO3：1.6%Fe in the polar phase. BaTiO3 is a displacive ferroelectric going through a first-order phase transition. The substitutions have an effect on the dynamics of the perovskite lattice. They induce charges transfer to Ti and a diminution of elastic forces in BaTiO3. Then we discuss the transition but on the nature of the material. fact that the maximum of permittivity does not depend on the phase  相似文献   

5.
The thermolysis of urea-water solution and its product, HNCO hydrolysis is investigated in a dual-reactor system. For the thermal decomposition below about 1073 K, the main products are ammonia (NH3) and isocyanic acid (HNCO) whereas at higher temperatures the oxidation processes take effect and the products include a low concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The gas HNCO is quite stable and a high yield of HNCO is observed. The ratio of NH3 to HNCO increases from approximately 1.2 to 1.7 with the temperature. The chemical analysis shows that H radical is in favor of HNCO hydrolysis by instigating the reaction HNCO+H·→·NH2+CO and high temperature has positive effect on H radical. The hydrolysis of HNCO over an alumina catalyst made using a sol-gel process (designated as γ-Al2O3) is investigated. The conversion of HNCO is high even at the high space velocities (6×105 h-1) and low temperatures (393–673 K) in the tests with catalysts, which enhances HNCO hydrolysis and raises the ratio of NH3 to HNCO to approximately 100. The pure γ-Al2O3 shows a better catalytic performance than CuO/γ-Al2O3. The addition of CuO not only reduces the surface area but also decreases the Lewis acid sites which are recognized to have a positive effect on the catalytic activity. The apparent activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction amounts to about 25 kJ/mol in 393–473 K while 13 kJ/mol over 473 K. The overall hydrolysis reaction rate on catalysts is mainly determined by external and internal mass-transfer limitations.  相似文献   

6.
Pulverized coal reburning, ammonia injection and advanced reburning in a pilot scale drop tube furnace were investigated. Premix of petroleum gas, air and NH3 were burned in a porous gas burner to generate the needed flue gas. Four kinds of pulverized coal were fed as reburning fuel at constant rate of 1g/min. The coal reburning process parameters including 15%～25% reburn heat input, temperature range from 1100 ℃ to 1400 ℃ and also the carbon in fly ash, coal fineness, reburn zone stoichiometric ratio, etc. were investigated. On the condition of 25% reburn heat input, maximum of 47% NO reduction with Yanzhou coal was obtained by pure coal reburning. Optimal temperature for reburning is about 1300 ℃ and fuel-rich stoichiometric ratio is essential; coal fineness can slightly enhance the reburning ability. The temperature window for ammonia injection is about 700 ℃～1100 ℃. CO can improve the NH3 ability at lower temperature. During advanced reburning, 72.9% NO reduction was measured. To achieve more than 70% NO reduction, Selective Non-catalytic NOx Reduction (SNCR) should need NH3/NO stoichiometric ratio larger than 5, while advanced reburning only uses common dose of ammonia as in conventional SNCR technology. Mechanism study shows the oxidization of CO can improve the decomposition of H2O, which will rich the radical pools igniting the whole reactions at lower temperatures.  相似文献   

7.
Auto-ignition and heat release correlations for controlled auto-ignition(CAI)combustion were derived from extensive in-cylinder pressure data of a four-stroke gasoline engine operating in CAI combustion mode.Abundant experiments were carried out under a wide range of air/fuel ratio,speed and residual gas fraction to ensure that the combustion correlations can be used in the entire CAI engine operation range.Furthermore,a more accurate method to compute the residual gas fraction was proposed by calculating the working fluid temperature at the exhaust valve close timing in the experiments.The heat release correlation was described in two parts,one is for the first slower heat release process at low temperature,and the other is for the second faster heat release process at high temperature.Finally the heat release correlation was evaluated on the single cylinder gasoline engine running with CAI combustion by comparing the experimental data with the 1-D engine simulation results obtained with the aid of the GT-Power simulation program.The results show that the predicted loads and ignition timings match closely with the measurements.  相似文献   

8.
Enhancing the dispersion and dissolution of substrate particles in substrate water suspension is a feasible way to improve steroid bioconversion. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of applying surfactant to microbial conversion system on the dispersion, solubilization and in turn bioconversion of steroid substrate. The model system is hydroxylation of substrate 19α- 17α-epoxy- 4-pregnene- 3.2It-dine by microbial enzymes from Rhizopus nigricanl. The results show that the presence of substrate leads to an increase in critical micelle concentration （ CMC） of surfactant PSE compared with the normal CMC of PSE in aqueous solution. The grinding time during substrate suspension preparation affects the substrate aqueous solubility differently with the varied surfactant concentrations while barely making any difference in substrate solubility in the absence of surfactant. The properly prolonged grinding time can make up for the loss in substrate solubility arising from the reduction in surfactant concentration. The surfactant complexes composed of surfactants PSE and MGE at appropriate ratios are screened out with orthodoxy experiment method. the interaction between PSE and MGE exerts the most prominent effects on substrate bioconversion, and the surfactant complexes show more beneficial effects on steroid bioconversion than the surfactant PSE used alone.  相似文献   

9.
A novel metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique has been applied to the preparation of the photocatalytic titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon. The effects of various condition parameters such as carrier gas flow rate, source temperature and deposition temperature on the deposition rate were investigated. The maximum deposition rate of 8.2 mg/(g·h) was obtained under conditions of carrier gas flow rate of 400 ml/min, source temperature of 423 K and deposition temperature of 913 K. The deposition rate followed Arrhenius behavior at temperature of 753 K to 913 K, corresponding to activation energy Ea of 51.09 kJ/mol. TiO2 existed only in anatase phase when the deposition temperature was 773 K to 973 K. With increase of deposition temperature from 1073 K to 1273 K, the rutile content sharply increased from 7% to 70%. It was found that a deposition temperature of 773 K and a higher source temperature of 448 K resulted in finely dispersed TiO2 particles, which were mainly in the  相似文献   

10.
Study on a 5.0 W/80 K single stage Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
A single stage Stifling pulse tube cryocooler was designed based on REGEN 3.2 and fabricated for testing. The experimental results show that the cooler can provide a cooling capacity of 5.0 W at 79.1 K, and produce a no-load temperature of 57.0 K, operating with an average pressure of 2.50 MPa and a frequency of 60 Hz, performance results that are very close to the calculated values. The cryocooler can be cooled from room temperature to 80 K in 8.5 min. The fast cooldown time is a result of the small regenerator.  相似文献   

11.
卤片碳铵法制备轻质氧化镁   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
本文介绍了卤片和碳酸氢铵制备轻质氧化镁的工艺过程,考察了沉淀剂加入量、反应时间、反应温度及洗涤水温度对制备的影响.结果表明,沉淀剂用量为1.4倍理论量、反应时间为1.5h、反应温度为75℃、洗涤水温度为95℃时制备的轻质氧化镁转化率高、产品质量可达到分析纯轻质氧化镁.  相似文献   

12.
以柠檬酸和异丁醇作原料,KIP209离子交换树脂为催化剂合成了柠檬酸三异丁酯（TIBC）,经单因素和正交实验考察了醇酸摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,合成柠檬酸三异丁酯的最佳条件为：醇酸摩尔比为4：1,反应时间4hr,反应温度150℃,催化剂用量为15%（以柠檬酸质量计）。酯化率达74.8%,且催化剂可重复使用。  相似文献   

13.
实验研究了氨水的浓度、氨水的用量、氨浸时间、温度对浸出率的影响。称取1g（精确到0．0001g）的矿样,经过最佳条件的焙烧后,最佳浸出条件是：氨水浓度为1：1,氨水用量是4．0mL,浸出时间为2小时,浸出温度为60℃,分2次浸取,浸出率为95．95％。  相似文献   

14.
在常压低温下采用非平衡等离子体技术研究低碳烷烃无氧烯烃化反应.研究结果表明:甲烷在等离子体中的脱氢偶联反应的主要产物是碳二烃;乙烷在等离子体作用下主要脱氢产物是乙烯、乙炔;甲烷和乙烷混合气可以在等离子体系中得到活化,生成乙烯、乙炔,为甲烷和乙烷在无氧气氛下不经分离直接活化制烯烃提供实验依据.  相似文献   

15.
A co-reaction of methane with methanol over zeolite catalysts has emerged as a new approach to the long-standing challenge of methane transformation. However, the effect of catalyst acid properties on the co-reaction has been rarely studied. In this study, a series of HZSM-5 zeolites with comparable diffusion abilities and various acidities were synthesized directly through steaming with 100% water vapor at 693 K. The co-reaction of methane and methanol was subsequently evaluated. Br?nsted acidity at 0.262 mmol/g was detected to reach the maximum methane conversion of 5.42% at 673 K, which was also the odd point in the relationship between acid concentration and C4 hydrogen transfer index. Moreover, the influence of methanol feed was investigated over parent and steamed ZSM-5 catalyst, with results showing that excessive acid sites or methanol molecules reduce methane conversion. It is proposed that acid sites adsorbed with methanol molecules construct the methane activation sites. Hence, a proper design of zeolite acidity should be achieved to obtain higher methane conversion in the co-reaction process.  相似文献   

16.
氢氧化镁阻燃剂属于无机阻燃剂,具有热稳定性好、无毒、低烟、不产生腐蚀性气体、价格低廉等优点,备受世界各国的青睐。本实验采用氨水法制备氢氧化镁无机阻燃剂,并通过实验讨论了初始反应温度和氨镁摩尔浓度比对反应转化率的影响。实验结果表明：最佳初始温度为20℃,氨镁摩尔浓度比为4：1。  相似文献   

17.
采用常压固定床反应器,考察了负载型Co基系列催化剂的焙烧温度、钴含量以及还原温度对甲烷二氧化碳重整过程的影响;筛选出适宜的工艺条件。结果表明,7%Co/BaTiO3催化剂在反应温度为700℃,压力为0.1 MPa,nCO2∶nCH4为1∶1,气相空速GHSV为12 000 h-1的条件下表现出相对良好的催化活性,可得到87.68%的CH4转化率、75.37%的CO选择性和68.31%的H2收率。  相似文献   

18.
用脂肪酶在四氢呋喃中催化合成硬脂酸酯.研究了反应温度、时间、加水量、加酶量、不同的醇以及原料摩尔比对硬脂酸转化率的影响.最佳反应条件为:反应温度35℃,硬脂酸与乙醇的摩尔比为1∶1.3,加水量为0.4%,加酶量为600μg/g硬脂酸,反应时间24 h,硬脂酸转化率达72.4%.  相似文献   

19.
以卤片和尿素为原料,采用水热合成法制备了高纯度轻质氧化镁,并对工艺条件的影响因素进行分析.结果表明,当卤片与尿素的配比为1∶4.5、反应时间为5 h、反应温度为125℃、洗涤水温度为95℃的条件下制备的氧化镁,转化率高、产品质量好,可达到分析纯轻质氧化镁的标准.  相似文献   

20.
为了研制工艺简单且饱和磁化强度高的磁流体,本文采用化学共沉淀法通过对铁氧体磁流体改性制备了水基镝钕复合铁氧体磁流体,实验讨论了温度、镝与钕的配比及用量、表面活性剂的用量、pH值对磁流体稳定性,改变工艺流程的影响,其结果表明:(1)在n(Fe):[n(Nd3+)+n(Dy3+)]=14:1,n(Fe3+):n(Fe2+)=1.70~1.75,镝与钕的用量比为n(Nd3+):n(Dy3+)=1:1,25%NH3.H2O作为沉淀剂和pH值的调节剂,反应体系温度控制在35℃左右,调pH值至9~11;(2)以明胶作为表面活性剂,其最佳用量是每60 mL载液0.005 0 g,包裹温度在55℃左右,包裹最佳pH=4。该条件下制得黑亮的水基镝钕铁氧磁流体,其磁性能比普通水基铁氧体高。在可见光的照射和磁场的共同作用下,可以看到明亮的磁光环产生。同时,还对产品的黏度、磁化强度、表面包覆情况、稳定性等进行了相应的表征。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号