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1.
马库斯关于自我图式、可能自我、工作的自我概念等观点形成了自我的社会认知理论。自我图式是个体对源于过去经验的自我的认知类化，能够组织和引导个体与自我有关的信息加工过程。可能自我代表了个体可能成为的、喜欢成为的、担心成为的自我，它具有联系自我认知与动机、与自我情感的重要作用。工作的自我概念是在当前的思维和记忆中处于活跃状态的自我概念。马库斯及其同事的跨文化研究表明，文化与人格是相互建构的。 相似文献
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可能自我是美国心理学家Markus和Nurius最先提出的概念,即一种涉及到未来自我的概念系统,包括希望成为的自我以及避免成为的自我,在个体经验及社会文化的背景中不断塑造而成。可能自我为激发个体当前行为产生和导向未来行为发展提供内驱力,从而创造人生发展路径并塑造人格形成。深入可能自我与其他变量的交叉动态研究,注重跨文化及特殊群体的表现,借鉴可用于解释可能自我产生机制的技术和原理拓展研究方法,可能是这一领域研究的新取向。 相似文献
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可能自我对行为的影响力已得到许多研究的证明,可能自我对行为发生作用的机制,具体包括:平衡可能自我对行为的作用;可能自我作为对未来的认知表征对行为的作用;可能自我的动机与目标导向功能对行为的作用;自动调节的可能自我对行为的作用。在此基础上,可以构建可能自我对行为发生作用的理论模型,包含平衡可能自我作用、选择性信息加工与目标选择、目标实施和自动调节的可能自我作用四个模块。 相似文献
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自我既是一个开放的、稳定的、多维度的系统,也是一个不断发展、在时间上延续的系统。时间自我即是指自我发展的延续性,它以现在为基点,始于过去,延伸未来,因而包括过去自我、现在自我和未来自我三个成分。当个体觉知到过去、现在和未来自我之间具有相互连接的关系时,对它们的评价也会趋于一致,这称为时间自我的同化效应。相反,若当个体觉知到过去、现在和未来自我之间具有相互分离的关系时,对它们的评价也会明显不同,这称为时间自我的对比效应。研究时间自我的同化和对比效应的方法主要有评价法、投射法和逆向推断法。解释这两种效应的理论模型包括基于动机的时间自我评价理论和基于信息加工的选择通达模型。影响同化和对比效应的主要因素有时间距离感、时间标志、情感卷入和心境一致性。未来拟考虑将此种研究范式应用于探讨自我发展的年龄特征。 相似文献
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作为一个复杂的系统,自我可以从时间维度上分为过去我,现在我和将来我。时间自我评价就是个体对自己的过去我、现在我和将来我的认知和评价。时间自我评价不仅仅有保持自我认同和觉知变化的重要功能,而且会对个体的动机和行为产生影响。它受到经验的影响,并且影响着个人的心理健康。时间自我评价具有文化普遍性和差异性。时间自我评价的脑机制研究有了一定的进展,但尚需探究的问题还很多,需要在理论构建、方法拓展和应用研究三个方面进一步研究。 相似文献
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为探讨大学生自我损耗程度与利他行为的关系,以便为大学生实施亲社会行为提供心理干预和理论支持,采用积极与消极情绪量表、行为实验、大学生利他特质调查问卷对天津市某所高校的50名在校大学生进行实证研究。结果发现,自我损耗与利他行为呈负相关,不同损耗程度下个体的利他行为数据有显著差异,且自我损耗程度低的个体比自我损耗程度高的个体更容易做出利他行为。经过多元回归分析,得出自我损耗程度对利他行为有显著的负向预测作用的结论,自我损耗比利他特质对个体利他行为的预测力更好,个体在自我损耗程度较低的情况下更易做出利他行为。 相似文献
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为探讨不同来源社会支持与听障青少年主观幸福感之间的关系及亲社会行为的中介作用和自我接纳的调节作用,采用社会支持量表、自我接纳量表、亲社会行为量表、生活满意度量表和积极/消极情感量表对359名听障青少年进行研究。结果发现：(1)家庭支持、朋友支持均可以显著正向预测听障青少年的主观幸福感,且家庭支持的预测作用更强;(2)亲社会行为分别在家庭支持、朋友支持与主观幸福感之间起中介作用;(3)听障青少年自我接纳可以调节中介模型中朋友支持与亲社会行为之间的关系。即相对于高自我接纳个体来说,朋友支持可以显著正向预测低自我接纳听障青少年的亲社会行为。本研究揭示了不同来源社会支持与主观幸福感之间的关系机制,为促进听障青少年社会参与和融入、提升其主观幸福感提供实证支持。 相似文献
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本研究采用核心自我评价量表、中学生学习适应量表及中国中学生心理健康量表,对广州地区268名高中学生进行集体施测,以探讨高中生核心自我评价与学习效能之间的关系。结果表明,个体核心自我评价与学习适应行为、心理健康各因子、学业成绩存在显著相关,对个体学习适应行为、心理健康水平、数学及英语学科成绩具有预测作用。 相似文献
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高博 《河北工业大学成人教育学院学报》2008,23(3):11-14
终身教育原则倡导在学习化社会中个体持久、全面的提升自我,这对个体的能力要求显然有别于传统教育观念所要求的能力.其中,良好的自我效能感是这种能力的重要方面之一.个体自我参照思维在随环境和任务变化而变化的正倾向,需要在学校学习阶段有效建立起来.而教师对学生自我参照思維、行为和情感之间的动态作用的引导和帮助是可能的.这种作用不仅在学生学习自我效能感的培养上,也在于帮助学生实现积极自我效能感的迁移. 相似文献
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This research uses the psychological construct of ‘possible selves’ to investigate the aspirations of 25 students in Year 11. ‘Possible selves’ provide a conceptual link between self-concept and motivation. The study compared the positive, negative and impossible possible selves of Pupil Referral Unit (PRU) attendees with participants from a secondary school. Whereas 100% of the school students generated positive possible selves, only 69% of the PRU participants did so. The school students were more able to provide sub-goal strategies to achieve positive possible selves and could articulate alternatives if their first aspiration eluded them. PRU participants generated divergent impossible selves. The findings suggest that in comparison with those in school, PRU attendees have fragile positive selves and more negative perceptions of their prospects. This may indicate a lack of internalisation of positive future options. There are implications for practice as those who work in the PRU context aim to provide meaningful experiences. 相似文献
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《师资教育杂志》2012,38(2):222-234
Possible selves theory describes the relation between self-concept and regulation of future-oriented behaviours. This theory helps conceptualise issues related to teacher development, including preparation and retention, but few researchers have done so. The validation of a Likert-type instrument intended to measure ‘new teacher possible selves’ is described. Student teachers in the United States (n?=?335) completed the new measure in their final practicum semester. Results from two confirmatory factor analyses indicate that data fit well the models of new teacher expected and feared possible selves. Limitations and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
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Donna Tangen Deborah Henderson Jennifer Alford Erika Hepple Amyzar Alwi Zaira Abu Hassan Shaari 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2017,45(1):23-38
This article explores the shaping of Australian and Malaysian pre-service teachers’ possible selves in a short-term mobility programme. With the theory of possible selves, individuals imagine who they will become based on their past and current selves. The focus of the research was on pre-service teachers’ possible selves as global and culturally responsive teachers. The experiential learning through participation in the programme allowed participants to consider their future possible selves as teachers with a deeper understanding of diverse learners’ needs and how they might strive to address these needs in their own classrooms. The scaffolding of reflections in the programme encouraged the pre-service teachers to take on multiple perspectives, to step outside their comfort zones and in many ways to see the world from different eyes. The research found that through experiential learning in the short-term mobility programme both the Australian and Malaysian pre-service teachers gained in positioning their cultural selves currently and as future teachers, suggesting that there is merit in utilising the theory of possible selves in future research in the area of shaping teacher identity. 相似文献
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In this study, we worked with second-year engineering students at an Australian university to examine previously identified threshold concepts within the theoretical framework of Possible Selves. Using workshops as the context for intensive work with students, students were encouraged to consider their future lives and work, including their engineering fears, expectations, and aspirations. The findings revealed many students to have a poor understanding of the realities of engineering work. Moreover, perceived gaps between self-efficacy and the requirements of engineering work appeared to be motivating if students deemed it possible to reduce the gap, but demotivating if they identified a characteristic over which there was perceived to be no control. The study suggests that these engineering students needed more opportunities to explore both the roles of engineers and their own possible selves. Overall, the findings indicate that higher education students may need encouragement and support to explore potential future roles, and they strengthen calls for further research in this area. 相似文献
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This article, drawing upon the Paired Peers project, a longitudinal qualitative study (n = 90), examines how seven UK engineering graduates, four women and three men, construct their career identities during the transitionary period from university to work. It explores how gender and the occupational cultures that reside within the sector, and the wider sociocultural context, affect women’s careers identities, choices and trajectories. The longitudinal design, characteristics of the cohort and the theoretical framework of possible selves contribute to the originality of this empirical research. In this paper, we show how female graduates gradually adapted their occupational aspirations and career identities to fit with socio-cultural expectations and how they struggled to construct viable ‘engineering’ selves in the vital career identity development phase of their first years of employment when most female STEM graduates change careers. 相似文献
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Challenging discourses of aspiration: The role of expectations and attainment in access to higher education 
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下载免费PDF全文 Raising the proportion of young people from disadvantaged backgrounds progressing to higher education has been a key policy objective for successive governments in the UK since the late 1990s. Often this has been conceptualised as a problem with their ‘aspirations’, with the solution being seen as the provision of ‘aspiration‐raising’ activities to promote higher education to those thought to have the potential to progress. Recent large‐scale studies cast strong doubt on this hypothesis by demonstrating that aspirations are not generally low, that different social groups have similar levels of aspiration and that school attainment accounts for nearly all the differences in participation rates between social groups. This article draws on data from a national project exploring efforts to widen participation across two generations of practitioner‐managers in England, focusing on their conceptualisations of the field and their constructions of ‘successful’ activities. It uses the lens of ‘possible selves’ (Markus & Nurius, 1986 ) to argue that too much policy emphasis has been placed on the aspirations of young people, rather than either their academic attainment or their expectations, which are shaped by the normative expectations of the adults surrounding them. In addition, the more expansive concepts of widening participation that were present a decade ago have become less common, with a shift towards activities with a clear role in institutional recruitment rather than social transformation. The article concludes with alternative suggestions for policy and practice. 相似文献
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Limin Zhang 《师资教育杂志》2018,44(4):496-499
While research on teacher motivation has proliferated in the past decades, little attention has been paid to kindergarten teachers’ motivation for teaching, male kindergarten teachers’ motivation in particular. This case study examines five male kindergarten teachers’ motivation to teach in Chinese kindergartens in the light of possible selves theory. The data analysis reveals that the ‘ideal self’ (i.e. of professional kindergarten teachers) plays a pivotal role in maintaining the five male kindergarten teachers’ motivation for teaching. Specifically, this study indicates that the male teachers’ ‘ideal self’ motivated them to join the profession and to retain their teaching motivation when there were discrepancies among their ‘actual’, ‘ought’ and ‘ideal’ selves. The findings of this study have several implications for early childhood teacher education. 相似文献
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This study explored pre-service teachers’ possible teacher selves with respect to how they have been shaped by their experiences of math failure. The study contributes to identity research by applying the theory of possible selves and by comparing and contrasting narrated possible teacher selves of pre-service elementary school teachers and pre-service mathematics teachers. Three categories of possible selves were identified: teacher traits and actions, student strategies, and teacher self-development. How possible teacher selves may inform teacher identity development and teacher preparation in the context of teaching mathematics is discussed, as are methodological considerations for examining narrated possible selves. 相似文献