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学术自由和参与院校管理是目前美国高等院校教师权利的主要内容。上述权利的获得离不开美国大学教授协会(AAUP)的努力。美国大学教授协会不仅制定了教师学术自由和终身聘任以及参与院校管理的制度规范,而且还采取切实措施,保障这些制度的落实。 相似文献
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作为美国学术自由发展进程中一名不可或缺的人物,杜威倡导成立了美国大学教授协会(AAUP),提出学术自由和大学教师终身聘任制原则。文章结合杜威哲学观的形成,对其学术自由思想及内在逻辑进行梳理和分析。杜威学术自由主张的菁华在于强调社会学科的科学性,学术自由和学术责任的统一以及教师终身聘任制,其理论支撑是他推崇理性、科学和民主社会的人本主义、经验自然主义哲学观。 相似文献
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美国大学教师的学术自由权利组织保障(一)美国大学教授协会19世纪末,美国资本主义工商业急速发展,美国大学日益面临着企业和政府对学术自由的严重威胁,大学教师几乎沦为企业的雇员,仅在19世纪末期就 相似文献
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论美国学术自由的组织与制度保障--AAUP及其关于学术自由和终身职的原则声明 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
1915年美国大学教授协会(AAUP)的成立是学术自由发展史上的重要里程碑，不仅是学术自由原则制度化的开端，而且是美国学术职业走向自觉的标志。本文通过回顾AAUP自成立以来在制定学术自由原则和调查处理学术自由事件方面走过的历史，从而展示20世纪美国学术自由所取得的成绩和面临的困难。 相似文献
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学术职业的不断市场化趋势使美国大学放弃了合作型和学院式的学术管理,逐步仿效商业管理的模式,从此学术专业应有的自由与自治受到了严重的冲击,学术职业者的学术专业权力明显缩小。在这种背景下,学术界逐步诉求工会组织进行集体谈判来维护自身权益。本文对美国三大教师工会组织:美国大学教授协会、美国教师联合会和全美教育协会组建工会参与集体谈判的经过以及特征进行了介绍,并对学术职业工会化的结果进行了评价。 相似文献
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美国大学教师终身教职与学术自由的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
王保星 《北京大学教育评论》2005,3(1):81-86
美国大学教授协会所确立的学术自由与终身教职之间的内在联系 ,使得终身教职成为保证美国大学教师学术自由的制度性工具。关于终身教职与学术自由之间关系的理论探讨 ,均须充分考虑到终身教职的学术自由价值。 相似文献
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美国大学学术自由的特色 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
美国大学学术自由深受德国学术自由传统的影响,然而美国独特的文化传统和实用主义的精神赋予了美国学术自由崭新的内涵.外行董事会管理大学的学术管理体制是美国大学不断产生学术自由问题的主要原因,学术自由与终身聘任制的紧密结合是美国学术自由的突出特征,从而形成了美国特色的学术自由. 相似文献
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自20世纪60年代以来,美国大学教授协会（AAUP）逐步由反对教师参与工会组织到积极组织教师参与工会进行集体谈判,成为美国学术界的主要工会组织之一,充当着强有力地维护学者团体利益的角色.AAUP工会主义具有四种特征：保护学术自由和分享治理;促进当地机构自治;对教师参与的强调;促进机构民主. 相似文献
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一、美国大学教授协会（AAUP）简介
20世纪初，在美国大学里，由于由院外人士组成的董事会（或理事会）掌握着学校的财经大权，所以学校董事会在管理学校方面享有很大权利。有文献记载，当时“侵害学术自由的消息甚至成为全国报纸的头条新闻。”“当教师在信仰和政治观点上与董事会不一致时，就极容易出现自由发表意见的学者频频遭解雇的事件。”尽管教授是大学的学术精英，但他们的职业安全也难免屡遭威胁。 相似文献
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Considerable effort has been devoted to developing systematic rankings of the quality of American univerities. Some approaches focus on the assessments of knowledgeable individuals. Other approaches necessitate the accumulation of considerable data and the construction of some composite measure. The present article argues that researchers should devote more attention to faculty salary data. Utilizing the quartile deviation as a measure of institutional quality, the authors ranked the 138 major universities designated by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) as Class I institutions. Because the authors' results were not strikingly different from other ranking systems and because salary data are readily available, the authors argue that studies of faculty salaries hold great promise as measures of institutional quality. 相似文献
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William H. Brackney 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2013,36(2):111-128
This article was originally presented as a paper at the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) Conference on Academic Freedom at Religiously Affiliated Colleges and Universities, held at Baylor University, April 1, 2000. It examines six case studies of Baptist colleges or universities that have distanced or separated themselves from denominational control. The article identifies factors involved in what is often called the secularization of the academy. A complex picture emerges. Factors leading to the shedding of denominational links include questions about academic freedom, the desire to attract funds and students from a wider socio‐constituency but also lack of a clear Baptist pattern for institutional management. The typically ‘lower social economic’ background of Baptists has meant that their ambitions have outweighed their resources. Nonetheless, schools founded by Baptists have benefited a great number of people, Baptist and non‐Baptist, Christian and non‐Christian. 相似文献
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作为美国高等教育的主要组织,美国大学教授协会曾因它在学术自由和终身教职方面的原则声明而挺立于美国高等教育界,并扬名海内外.进入21世纪以来,协会却因为终身教职、学术自由的发展以及自身的性质,遭遇了会员锐减、半学术半工会性质备受争议、领导不和等不少危及其生存与发展的问题.为此,协会试图通过建立三重性质的组织,吸纳兼职教师,聘任新的领导、组织资金筹集运动等措施来应对这些困难.这些努力将会给它带来一个什么样的命运和未来,这需要时间来证明. 相似文献
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This paper examines the movement away from professionalization and toward unionization by the American professoriate. A content analysis of the bi-annual addresses of the thrity-two past presidents of the American Association of University Professors demonstrates that the approach taken by this organization which has been central in representing the professional interests of the professoriate has been inadequate. The fact that academics are not independent professionals but carry out their research and pedagogical functions in bureaucratic structures makes their quest for autonomy particularly problematic. The traditional stance taken by the leadership of the American Association of University Professors seems to ignore the obstacles, e.g. the distribution of power in organizations, in the path of attaining full professional status. Consequently, the professoriate has not only fallen considerably short of its aspirations and is beset with a number of problems, e.g. continual violations of academic freedom, but increasing numbers have begun looking to labor unions to further their quest for professional status. 相似文献
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《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2012,34(2):101-107
This essay relates collective bargaining in American higher education to the evolution of collegial governance and its erosion on some campuses. The diversity of American higher education and the industrial model of collective bargaining being transplanted to campuses explain the modest contribution made by collective bargaining to university governance. Based on the author's experience as sometime General Secretary of the American Association of University Professors, he concludes that faculty should have the right to decide to bargain collectively but that the cost of collective bargaining usually outweighs its benefits. He recommends that strengthening collegial governance is a preferable strategy for the future. 相似文献
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美国大学教授协会作为一种中介组织,为大学共同治理制度的形成与发展作出了独特贡献。它是共同治理制度的发起者、重要引导者和领导者,有关共同治理制度的政策、评价标准,很多都是由它们提供或是在它们的倡导之下产生的。研究美国大学教授协会对美国共同治理制度的影响,有助于进一步改进大学治理制度,以利于大学发展。 相似文献
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Jane Buck 《Higher Education in Europe》2001,26(4):599-602
Many traditional academics view the advent of on-line teaching in higher education with suspicion. They suspect that attempts to compare the outcomes of traditional and on-line instruction do not yield valid results. Nevertheless, on-line instruction is here to stay. It behooves an organization like the American Association of University Professors, a major role of which is to protect academic freedom in American higher education institutions, to make sure that the integration of on-line instruction into the activities of traditional higher education institutions will give rise, in the case of the new component, to the same guarantees as to academic freedom and quality, determined primarily by the faculty, as in traditional university activities. 相似文献
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本文对美国高校终身教授制度发展的历史进程进行了梳理,将美国高校终身教授制度的演进历史划分为制度的初期发展、确立、曲折发展和改革等四个阶段,藉此说明终身教授制度的历史演进与美国高等教育自身的发展、美国大学教授协会的不懈努力以及美国社会、经济和文化密切相关. 相似文献