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1.
《Library & information science research》2005,27(2):222-248
Searching for information pervades a wide spectrum of human activity, including learning and problem solving. With recent changes in the amount of information available and the variety of means of retrieval, there is even more need to understand why some searchers are more successful than others. This study was undertaken to advance the understanding of expertise in seeking information on the Web by identifying strategies and attributes that will increase the chance of a successful search on the Web. The strategies were as follows: evaluation, navigation, affect, metacognition, cognition, and prior knowledge, and attributes included age, sex, years of experience, computer knowledge, and info-seeking knowledge. Success was defined as finding a target topic within 30 minutes. Participants were from three groups. Novices were 10 undergraduate pre-service teachers, intermediates were 9 final-year master of library and information studies students, and experts were 10 highly experienced professional librarians working in a variety of settings. Participants' verbal protocols were transcribed verbatim into a text file and coded. These codes, along with Internet temporary files, a background questionnaire, and a post-task interview were the sources of the data. Since the variable of interest was the time to finding the topic, in addition to ANOVA and Pearson correlation, survival analysis was used to explore the data. The most significant differences in patterns of search between novices and experts were found in the cognitive, metacognitive, and prior knowledge strategies. Survival analysis revealed specific actions associated with success in Web searching: (1) using clear criteria to evaluate sites, (2) not excessively navigating, (3) reflecting on strategies and monitoring progress, (4) having background knowledge about information seeking, and (5) approaching the search with a positive attitude. 相似文献
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Web2．0环境下,虚拟社区作为社区成员进行情感交流、信息传递、知识共享的平台日益受到人们的青睐,但只有少数虚拟社区能成功地保持成员数量并激发其进行知识创新,因此研究虚拟社区中知识创新的影响因素对提高知识创新服务尤为重要。基于社会资本论,并结合前人相关研究成果,本文研究虚拟社区中知识创新的影响因素,建立假设模型,然后通过实证数据分析,揭示出个人价值、声誉、群体交互和认可感对知识创新数量和质量有显著正面影响。本研究成果将有助于虚拟社区更好地开展知识创新服务。 相似文献
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档案信息服务工程之知识服务 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文基于档案信息服务工程着重探讨了档案知识服务方法.在对信息构建、知识构建和知识服务相关概念重新认识的基础上,分析了档案知识服务的动因和优势,进而对档案信息空间的知识化组织进行了具体的探讨.最后,提出了档案信息化工程嵌入式知识服务的思路. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2021,47(6):102454
Previous scholarship has established a connection between information literacy and writing, highlighting in particular how writing theories could inform our understanding of information literacy. This paper continues this line of inquiry and discusses how information literacy and writing can mutually inform and support each other. Based on a review of major theoretical developments in both fields, this paper proposes a three-dimensional model of information-based academic writing (IBAW) in higher education that foregrounds information literacy as an integral part of the writing process. Specifically, the model illustrates how writing tasks situated in specific rhetorical, disciplinary, and information contexts activate one's knowledge base and generate information needs, which then guides the iterative information literacy and writing processes, as regulated by one's affective and metacognitive strategies, to generate new knowledge. The IBAW model, with the three dimensions and specific factors explicitly identified, also reflects truthfully the defining features of information literacy as contextual, process-oriented, value-laden, interactive, strategic, and always goal-oriented. As such, it also serves as a contextualized, process-oriented, and task-based model for information literacy instruction and development. Implications for how information literacy and information-based academic writing could be taught based on this proposed model are then discussed. 相似文献
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Marcia E. Rapchak 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2018,44(3):383-390
Metacognition and social metacognition play important roles in information literacy, online learning, and collaborative learning. This study examines how students rated themselves in both metacognitive and social metacognitive awareness after a collaborative project in an information literacy course offered face-to-face and online. Students in the face-to-face version of the course rated themselves as having higher social metacognitive awareness, though metacognitive awareness scores were similar. Because of this finding, this article makes recommendations for improving collaboration online for information literacy instruction. 相似文献
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This article reports the outcomes of an ethnographic study in a public broadcasting company exploring on-the-job learning and knowing in journalistic practice. We use practice perspective and social learning theory to study how knowing in everyday work is achieved within journalists’ communities of practice and in relation to other practices around journalism. A year-long study involved analysis of 19 on-site observations, 25 interviews, over 30 textual company based documents and over 120 photos. We found that journalists’ communities of practice are actively negotiating a shared understanding of good practice. At the same time, individual journalists are relatively free to choose how they use this collective knowledge resource, enabling a creative tension between shared understanding of good practice and individual performances of that practice. Journalists are also responsive to ongoing and anticipated future changes within the practices they align with—practices that are reported about, journalistic practices of other public broadcasting companies and practices of the audience. We, therefore, argue for an understanding of journalistic practice as open-ended and performative, rather than fixed and routine. 相似文献
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基于元认知的网络阅读研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Anne R. Diekema Wendy Holliday Heather LearyAuthor vitae 《Library & information science research》2011,33(4):261-268
This study explores an online information literacy module that uses problem-based learning (PBL). The goal was to enable students to experience information literacy in a richer way, by moving away from a focus on locating information sources to one of information use in the construction of knowledge. A content analysis of the research journals and reflection papers of students (N = 15) in a distance education school library media administration endorsement program suggests that PBL was an effective approach for some students, but not others. Some students were motivated by working on authentic problems, and at least half the students engaged deeply with information and discovered new questions and angles for research during the process. These students applied more sophisticated evaluation strategies and were more metacognitive in their thinking, assessing their progress and shifting strategies as they progressed through the module. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(59):67-75
Summary Reference librarians often make incorrect assumptions about the library knowledge of their users. These assumptions can impede the reference interview and influence the outcome of the reference transaction. This article examines seven misconceptions about users and discusses how librarians can correct them to better understand their public and improve reference service. The misconceptions discussed involve users: stating their actual information needs, knowing what sources to use, understanding library arrangement and jargon, communicating with librarians, and caring about competency. 相似文献
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《Library & information science research》2022,44(2):101155
Due to doubts about the reliability of information in social media environments, and the epistemological beliefs of individuals who use these media, questioning the source of information and the perception of knowledge structure, is an important research topic. A structural model was constructed to explore structures associated with epistemological beliefs (justification for knowing) and online information-seeking strategies. The model included personality traits and information literacy. Data were collected from 190 university students. PLS-SEM was implemented in the analysis of the data. Analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between epistemological beliefs specific to social media and information-seeking strategies, and information literacy structure has a direct effect on information-seeking strategies. Agreeableness and neuroticism were related with several dimensions of social media-specific beliefs. It was found that the personality trait which has the greatest effect on online information-seeking strategies is conscientiousness. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):25-51
Ironic statements function rhetorically as evaluations. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to extend our understanding of irony by examining the pragmatics of ironic evaluation in the larger context of the pragmatics of evaluation per se; (2) to argue that the study of irony makes an important contribution to the general epistemology of evaluation insofar as the conditions of knowledge underlying ironic communication serve as standards against which claims of knowing (relevant to the understanding of) conventional evaluations should be held. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]针对复杂多面的探索式搜索情境下高校学生用户的搜索元认知测评问题,设计一个可行有效的测评问卷。通过设定4类不同的探索式搜索情境,对被试在各规定情境下的元认知表现进行多维度分析与评价。[方法/过程]运用元认知理论设计"探索式搜索元认知测评问卷",在预试环节对该问卷进行信效度检验。在正式测评环节,通过开展搜索测验的方式组织60名高校学生被试进行探索式任务搜索和问卷调查,使用"Camtasia Studio"录制被试的搜索画面,并进行事后访谈。综合问卷调查数据、搜索行为视频与访谈内容,分析在4种不同探索式搜索情境下被试对"搜索任务与个体认知"的认知、对"搜索过程监控"的认知、对"搜索过程与评估反思"的认知情况。[结果/结论]该问卷具有良好的内部一致性信度和结构效度,可作为测评高校学生用户探索式搜索元认知水平（或表现）的有效工具。根据维度数据分析结果,高校学生用户对于决策型问题（评估决策搜索）和研究型问题（知识获取搜索）的个体能力认知、任务理解能力、搜索障碍监控等能力相对匮乏,针对该分析结果从高校信息素养教育、搜商能力的培养和网络搜索系统人机交互功能设计三个方面,提出改善高校学生用户探索式搜索能力的思考和建议。 相似文献
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世界高等教育机构普遍认为，信息的获取与利用对人才培养不可或缺，而有关学生信息行为的研究却一再显示，当代大学生对信息的获取与利用存在缺陷。至于为什么人才培养必须依赖信息获取，何为充分的信息获取，如何保证充分的信息获取，学术界少有系统的理论阐释。本研究旨在通过考察学生信息获取与教学实践的关系，探索上述问题的答案。借鉴实践理论的“目的情感结构”概念，以一所大学的某实体学院本科教学实践为案例，通过政策文本、访谈、问卷调研等方式，收集有关案例学院本科教学的数据；将这些数据按归纳思路予以分析，分别得出了该院本科教学的目的目标、讲授任务、学习任务、信息获取驱动；然后依据“目的情感结构”概念的框架，将归纳结果整合为案例学院本科教学的目的情感结构，展现并反思嵌入其中的信息获取动力机制。研究结果显示，特定教学实践的目的情感结构通过嵌入特定的信息获取驱动，影响甚至塑造学生的信息获取；但只有注重知识理解的教学实践，才能凸显信息对人才培养的价值，进而指导教师设计合理的信息获取驱动，提升学生的信息获取与利用。图3。表3。参考文献56。 相似文献
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为了解用户信息素养,提高社会阅读质量,笔者从信息意识、信息知识、信息能力、信息道德等方面对吉林省图书馆读者进行了随机问卷调查,并对结果予以分析,指出用户在信息素养方面普遍存在的问题,提出为优化社会阅读质量,加强用户信息素养教育的方法和途径。 相似文献
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Toni Carbo 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3-4):393-401
The abilities to explore information space, discover, learn, find, manage, organize, evaluate, create, use, and preserve information are complex and they vary depending upon the type of information and the format or medium in which it is presented. The knowledge and skills for print media are different from those for full motion video. The knowledge includes recognizing different needs for information; understanding and using different measures of value; and understanding ethical issues — all within multicultural and diverse environments, traditions, and contents. Skills include those related to retrieving, managing, organizing, using, preserving, and communicating information. This presentation explores these complex abilities, describing earlier work, and addresses pertinent issues. 相似文献
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为了解用户信息素养,提高社会阅读质量,笔者从信息意识、信息知识、信息能力、信息道德等方面对吉林省图书馆读者进行了随机问卷调查,并对结果予以分析,指出用户在信息素养方面普遍存在的问题,提出为优化社会阅读质量,加强用户信息素养教育的方法和途径。 相似文献
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《International Information and Library Review》1997,29(3-4):393-401
The abilities to explore information space, discover, learn, find, manage, organize, evaluate, create, use, and preserve information are complex and they vary depending upon the type of information and the format or medium in which it is presented. The knowledge and skills for print media are different from those for full motion video. The knowledge includes recognizing different needs for information; understanding and using different measures of value; and understanding ethical issues — all within multicultural and diverse environments, traditions, and contents. Skills include those related to retrieving, managing, organizing, using, preserving, and communicating information. This presentation explores these complex abilities, describing earlier work, and addresses pertinent issues. 相似文献
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Andy J. King Jakob D. Jensen Nick Carcioppolo Melinda M. Krakow Ye Sun 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):753-775
Determining what factors predict media learning is an important avenue of research for the field of mass communication. The present study provides a comparative investigation of two models of media learning: the cognitive mediation model and the information utility model. Participants (N = 1,076) read a news article related to scientific discoveries relevant to cancer prevention and responded to all constructs of the two models. Recognition and comprehension were used to measure knowledge acquisition. Results generally support previous predictions of each model, though predicted variance remains small. In addition to testing the existing models, a modified cognitive mediation model using a key construct related to information utility—perceived relevance—was tested. The refined cognitive mediation model offered a more nuanced understanding of certain causal mechanisms but did not result in a meaningful change in predictive power of the model. Implications of the theoretical comparison and integration are discussed. 相似文献
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图书馆职业精神是由"知"的领域与"无知"领域共同构成的统一体.狭义上的"知"是指能够用语言明确表达的理论性知识,"无知"则是指一定历史时期人类理性不及或尚未认识的知识内容;在"知"与"无知"之间还存在一种非常重要的实践性默会知识.如果图书馆职'业精神的研究,仅仅以"知"或"全知"预设为基础,不仅会遮蔽"无知"的存在和默会知识的重要性,而且可能导致极具误导性的结果. 相似文献