Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows     

Yanhua Qu  Chunhai Chen  Ying Xiong  Huishang She  Yong E Zhang  Yalin Cheng  Shane DuBay  Dongming Li  Per G P Ericson  Yan Hao  Hongyuan Wang  Hongfeng Zhao  Gang Song  Hailin Zhang  Ting Yang  Chi Zhang  Liping Liang  Tianyu Wu  Jinyang Zhao  Qiang Gao  Weiwei Zhai  Fumin Lei 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(1):113

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.  相似文献   

Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing     

Cong Liu  Feng An  Paria S M Gharavi  Qinwen Lu  Junkun Zha  Chao Chen  Liming Wang  Xiaozhi Zhan  Zedong Xu  Yuan Zhang  Ke Qu  Junxiang Yao  Yun Ou  Zhiming Zhao  Xiangli Zhong  Dongwen Zhang  Nagarajan Valanoor  Lang Chen  Tao Zhu  Deyang Chen  Xiaofang Zhai  Peng Gao  Tingting Jia  Shuhong Xie  Gaokuo Zhong  Jiangyu Li 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(1):84

Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi_(1-y)/2Fe_yMg_(1-y)/2O₃–(x)CaTiO₃ (BTFM–CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μ_B/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7–3.0 × 10⁻⁷ s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM–CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.  相似文献   

Hierarchy in materials for maximized efficiency     

Li-Hua Chen  Yu Li  Bao-Lian Su 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(11):1626

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教育信息化建设中高校图书馆教育职能的发挥   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李琛  胡媛媛 《大学图书情报学刊》2007,25(1):70-72,75

文章从教育信息化建设环境下高校图书馆教育职能发挥的理论依据和现实基础出发,阐述了高校图书馆如何在教育信息化建设中更好地发挥教育职能,为教学和科研服务,并进一步对高校教育信息化环境下图书馆教育职能的拓展进行了展望.  相似文献   

基于网络结构视角的产业集群分类     

陈健  詹胜 《科技广场》2006,72(10):6-7

本文根据产业集群由于关联性而形成的网络结构的特点,在总结前人研究的基础上,按照集群网络中异质性资源丰裕程度和网络系统开放程度的大小,将产业集群分为独点支撑型、包络型、触角型三大类。  相似文献   

通货膨胀会计理论问题探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈桂花 《科技广场》2006,(9):64-65

本文从通货臌胀下的会计模式特点出发,在比较通货膨胀下会计模式的各自优缺点后,对我国通货膨胀会计的现状进行梳理,并提出改进建议之可行性建议。  相似文献   

知识型员工的职业高原与绩效关系研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

余琛 《科学学研究》2006,24(6):929-933

通过对180名知识型员工的问卷调查,发现知识型员工的职业高原由三个维度构成:结构高原、内容高原和生活高原,职业高原对知识型员工的工作绩效会有影响。认为知识型员工的职业生涯管理问题需要引起重视。  相似文献   

知识管理中知识共享的障碍及其对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈嘉开  陈新年  刘可夫  李长春 《科技创业月刊》2006,19(6):101-102

知识经济时代,知识管理在企业管理活动中如火如荼,知识共享是其重要的组成部分,近年来的实践暴露出了其中不少问题。在分析了知识共享困难原因的基础上,提出了相应的解决办法:一是建立共享型的企业文化;二是搭建知识共享“中介”;三是建立一个基于知识贡献率评价的激励机制。  相似文献   

虚拟仪器中波形动态显示与丢点的矛盾     

陈朝霞 《科技广场》2006,(1):13-14

虚拟仪器开发中,采集数据的完整性至关重要,丢点现象是虚拟仪器的致命缺点。本文解释了由于波形动态显示而导致丢点现象的原因,并提出了解决波形动态显示与信号完整性的矛盾的方法。  相似文献   

中国体育用品全球贸易发展:现状特征与对策建议     

陈颇  刘波  刘志勇  郭振 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2021,35(2):66-76

新时代的体育强国建设需要体育产业在高质量发展上取得新突破,而体育用品对外贸易又在体育产业高质量发展中发挥着独特作用。研究基于中国海关发布的对外贸易官方数据,对2014—2019 年我国体育用品进出口贸易发展的基本特征进行分析。结果表明,我国体育用品对外贸易发展势头良好,贸易总体规模持续扩大。体育用品进口贸易规模非常小,发展速度缓慢,但出口贸易发展活跃,贸易差额持续扩大;体育用品对外贸易主要集中于北美洲、欧洲和亚洲,呈持续增长趋势,而与拉丁美洲、大洋洲、非洲的贸易往来发展缓慢,洲际分布特征表现为“层级结构明显,两极分化严重”。进口贸易主要源于亚洲、欧洲与北美洲,出口主要分布于北美洲、欧洲和亚洲;我国大陆31个省市(自治区)与国外均存在体育用品贸易往来,但两极分化突出,东部沿海省市发展活跃,中西部省市发展滞后;体育用品对外贸易发展的全球市场覆盖率持续扩大,对外贸易的市场集中度非常高。进口贸易的市场覆盖率较低,出口贸易的市场范围越来越大,但对少数贸易目的地的依赖性过大,导致中国体育用品对外贸易面临巨大市场风险。据此,积极采取有效措施,培育体育用品对外贸易竞争优势,促进我国体育用品对外贸易健康与可持续发展。  相似文献