厌氧氨氧化菌活性的快速恢复及运行     

杨开亮  占志强  王莹  时继东  廖德祥  逯焕波  许乐平 《上海海事大学学报》2017,38(4):84-87

为研究厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidizing,ANAMMOX)菌的活性恢复,采用SBR工艺对长时间(100 d左右)停止运行的反应器中ANAMMOX菌进行活性培养。经过22 d的恢复试验,ANAMMOX菌活性基本恢复,在第17天,NH+4—N和NO-2—N的转化率均在90%以上,TN的去除率在80%以上。在培养过程中,载体的颜色由白色逐渐变成淡黄色。结果表明,在常温闲置较长时间的反应器中ANAMMOX菌的活性可恢复性强,恢复周期短,恢复后的脱氮性能良好;ANAMMOX反应器通过对生物膜载体的培养可以使ANAMMOX菌的活性快速恢复。  相似文献   

腰痛羽毛球运动员的功能评估          下载免费PDF全文

李男  檀志宗  叶晶龙  刘新宇  任雪 《体育科研》2017,(6):82-86

研究目的：对腰痛羽毛球运动员的部分功能进行测试，观察其活动范围、肌肉力量、肌电活动以及相应对称性。为了解羽毛球运动员损伤机制发生提供科学依据。研究对象：6名腰痛羽毛球运动员（男运动员4名，女运动员2名）。研究方法：对研究对象分别进行日本矫正外科协会（JOA）评分量表、躯干旋转、胸椎旋转、髋关节内外旋活动度、躯干等速旋转力量、等长背伸活动的肌电活动测试，并观察两侧差异比的平均值。研究结果：（1）腰痛运动员的躯干旋转、胸椎旋转以及髋关节外旋活动度平均差异比为（31.98±21.53）%，（19.8±17.08）%，（13.81±4.43）%大于10%，仅髋关节内旋活动度平均差异比为（5.62±5.63）%小于10%。胸椎和髋关节旋转动度有减小的趋势；（2）等速躯干旋转两侧峰力矩和平均功率差异没有显著性意义，峰力矩平均差异比为（5.45±1.78）%小于10%，而平均功率平均差异比为（12.78±11.40）%大于10%；（3）在等长背伸活动中，竖脊肌肌电活动的平均两侧差异比为（14.18±9.84）%大于10%，而多裂肌肌电活动的平均两侧差异比（9.90±7.92）%接近10%；竖脊肌和多裂肌的中位频率斜率（Median Frequency slope，MFs）均出现下降的趋势，但两侧差异比为（4.68±3.17）%，（5.35±5.40）%小于10%。结论：（1）腰痛羽毛球运动员躯干旋转、胸椎旋转、髋关节外旋活动范围存在对称性问题，且胸椎旋转、髋关节旋转有减少趋势；（2）躯干等速旋转平均功率存在对称性问题；（3）等长背伸任务中，竖脊肌和多裂肌出现疲劳，肌电活动存在对称性问题。  相似文献   

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls     

Esther Ubago-Guisado  Jorge García-Unanue  Jorge López-Fernández  Javier Sánchez-Sánchez  Leonor Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1484-1492

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.  相似文献   

幼儿动作技能学习中的游戏干预：基本形式、方法与实施过程     

张莹  夏琼  袁朝霞  郑秀英  盛建平 《吉林体育学院学报》2016,(1):86-96

采用文献资料、访谈、观察等研究方法，以动作学习为基点，剖析教师对游戏干预的认识。研究结果：(1)游戏干预的基本形式主要包括两大类，一是根据干预对象人数多少可分为单独干预与集体干预；二是根据教师参与方式可分为参与性干预与非参与性干预；(2)游戏干预的基本方法主要包括以教师自身为媒介的干预方法、以材料为媒介的干预方法，和以同伴为媒介的干预方法，其具体的操作手段主要有言语类和非言语类；(3)游戏干预的实施过程主要包括确定干预必要性、确定干预时机、确定干预形式、选取干预方法、设置干预情境、明确干预评价等六个基本环节。此外，还必须重视梳理学习内容与干预内容、有效地规划干预时间、明确干预目标、匹配幼儿能力、重视师幼互动节奏，以及教师培训等相关事项来保障实施过程。研究价值：基本形式的选择和实施过程是游戏干预成功的重要环节，对它们进行深入细致的研究，既能丰富游戏干预理论，又为后续的实证研究提供相应的理论基础。  相似文献   

大负荷游泳运动后大鼠额叶神经元凋亡和线粒体形态变化及Drp1、Mfn2表达的研究     

王璐  邓文骞 《成都体育学院学报》2016,(4):76-81

目的：：通过观察一次性大负荷游泳运动后线粒体形态结构以及线粒体融合分裂基因及蛋白表达的动态变化,探讨一次性大负荷游泳运动引起大鼠额叶神经元凋亡发生发展的可能机制。方法：72只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C组,n=18),一次性大负荷游泳运动组(E组,n=54),再根据运动后取材时间的不同将 E组分为：即刻组(E0组,n=18)；24h组(E24组,n=18)；48h组(E48组,n=18)。 C组常规饲养,E组进行一次性大负荷游泳运动,无负重游泳4小时。用透射电镜观察额叶神经元及神经元线粒体的形态结构；用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡指数( AI)；检测线粒体融合分裂基因Drp1、Mfn2 mRNA转录及蛋白表达水平。结果：检测发现E组大鼠大脑额叶神经元发生了细胞凋亡,E组各组大鼠AI显著性高于C组(P<0.01),E组各时间点AI比较为：E24>E0> E48,各组间差异均具有显著性( P<0.05)。一次性大负荷运动后各时间点Drp1和Mfn2 mRNA转录和蛋白表达均高于C组( P<0.05),其中E24组大鼠大脑额叶Drp1和Mfn2 mRNA转录和蛋白的表达最强(P<0.01)；与E24组比较,E48组大鼠大脑额叶Drp1 mRNA转录和蛋白的表达下调显著(P<0.05),而Mfn2 mRNA转录和蛋白的表达下调不明显(P>0.05)。结论：一次性大负荷游泳运动引起大鼠额叶神经元凋亡及神经元线粒体形态结构异常,该异常在运动后48h内呈现动态性变化,机体可能通过调节线粒体融合分裂基因Drp1、Mfn2表达,影响大鼠额叶线粒体的形态结构和功能,从而调控额叶神经元凋亡的发生和发展。  相似文献   

身体活动经济性专题研究述评     

于洪军  仇军 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(8):51-58

摘要：以介绍第63届美国运动医学学会年会、暨第7届运动是良医世界科学大会和能量平衡的基础科学世界大会的主要研究热点为目的。以身体活动经济性专题大会主报告和专题报告为基本思路，并通过PubMed、CNKI 等数据库检索相关文献，对大会基本情况、身体活动经济性专题报告内容、相关主题最新研究成果等内容进行阐述。此次会议的身体活动经济性研究前沿和热点可以为我国运动科学研究和公共医疗健康政策制定提供借鉴。  相似文献   

非金融机构开展互联网金融的现况、影响及监管     

杨君 《保山学院学报》2016,(6):41-44

2005年开始，国内兴起非金融机构经营互联网金融业务的热潮。非金融机构提供在线互联网金融服务，经营业务主要包括“支付”与“投、融资”两大类，其形态主要有四：第三方支付、基金销售、P2P网络借贷，以及众筹。非金融机构经营互联网金融，虽可加快国内金融业转型的步伐，并满足中小企业及个人无法自银行取得资金的投、融资需求，但也因发展过速，监管不足，致使网络借贷倒闭事件频传，不利于金融稳定等诸多负面效应。为此，需要主管机关研究制定与互联网金融相关的法律，加强监管，并准许这些非金融机构转型为正规商业银行。  相似文献   

Evaluating quality of implementation in physical activity interventions based on theories of motivation: current challenges and future directions     

Eleanor Quested  Nikos Ntoumanis  Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani  Martin S. Hagger  Jennie E. Hancox 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2017,10(1):252-269

The evidence base pointing towards the maladaptive health consequences of an inactive lifestyle highlights the need for interventions that are effective in changing and maintaining physical activity behaviours. Theories of motivation are frequently applied to inform the content and delivery of such interventions. Systematic monitoring and evaluation of the quality of intervention implementation is therefore an important step in understanding if and how theories of motivation can be adopted and effectively applied to promote and/or sustain physical activity behaviours. However, intervention implementation quality in studies that aim to apply motivation theory to promote physical activity is often under-reported. The purpose of this article is, first, to review contemporary approaches used to monitor and evaluate intervention implementation; we outline the degree to which these methods have been used effectively in research concerned with applying theories of motivation to impact physical activity behaviours. Second, we identify and discuss specific challenges in effectively measuring quality of implementation faced by researchers who adopt a motivation theory basis to their work. Finally, recommendations for methods to monitor and evaluate intervention implementation in future trials aiming to promote physical activity based on theories of motivation are also proposed.  相似文献   

Long-term endurance training increases serum cathepsin S and decreases IL-6 and hsCRP levels     

Michael Sponder  Ioana-Alexandra Campean  Michael Emich  Monika Fritzer-Szekeres  Brigitte Litschauer  Jutta Bergler-Klein 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2129-2134

Cathepsin S (CS) was shown to play a key role in cancer progression, atherosclerosis, heart valve disease, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The present prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of sports on CS, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels.

Ninety-eight of 109 participants completed the study. Ergometries were performed at baseline and after 8 months to evaluate/quantify the performance gain. Blood samples were taken at baseline and every 2 months. CS was measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Compared to the control group (mean performance gain ?3.41 ± 4.62%) we observed a significant physical-activity-induced increase of CS levels (3.45–3.73 ng · ml^?1; P = 0.027) and a significant decrease of Il-6 (2.43–1.91 pg · ml^?1; P = 0.031) and hsCRP-levels (0.11–0.09 mg · dl^?1; P = 0.001) in the intervention group (mean performance gain: 12.13 ± 6.32%). Furthermore, the tendency of the progression was significant for CS and Il-6 (P = 0.002/0.033).

We could show a significant sports-induced decrease of the classic inflammation parameters hsCRP/Il-6, probably expressing a downregulation of permanently prevalent inflammation processes. Simultaneously CS levels increased significantly. Our results show that increasing CS amounts are not simply to equal with an enhanced inflammation status and might even have beneficial effects on inflammation and angiogenesis.  相似文献   

Postpartum Mothers’ Leisure-Time Exercise Behavior is Linked to Positive Emotion During Partner Discussions     

Rachel L. Hutt  Ginger A. Moore  Micah A. Mammen  Danielle Symons Downs 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(4):447-454

Purpose: Marital dissatisfaction and conflict often increase for couples after the birth of a child and are evident in fewer positive family interactions and more negative family interactions. Because exercise is known to increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions, the current study examined the extent to which higher levels of mothers’ exercise during the postpartum period were related to more positive and fewer negative emotion-expressive behaviors with their infants’ fathers. Method: Mothers’ (N = 46; M = 8 months postpartum) positive and negative expressive behaviors were coded during couples’ discussions of current conflict and positive family experiences. Mothers self-reported their leisure-time exercise behavior. Results: First-time mothers and mothers with higher levels of leisure-time exercise behavior displayed higher levels of positive expressive behaviors during couples’ discussions. Conclusions: Exercise may be associated with increased positive emotion and, in turn, can have great potential to improve family relationships during the postpartum period when marital stress normatively increases, particularly for mothers with more than 1 child. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand exercise patterns across the postpartum period to identify the most effective timing and optimal level of exercise that lead to more positive expressive behaviors.  相似文献