玉米青枯病发病规律和防治研究     

王桂跃  金加同 《科技通报》1991,7(6):331-334

1982～1989年,对浙江省玉米青枯病进行了研究,明确该病是一种主要发生在玉米乳熟后期的重要病害。病株叶片突然出现青灰色干枯,根和茎基呈现水渍状腐烂,经鉴定认为该病是由肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum MaIthews)和禾生腐霉(P. graminicola Subram)侵染引起。并阐明了品种、播种期、气候、肥料与该病发生的关系,提出了以选育推广抗病品种为主,强调适时播种,合理施肥的防病措施。  相似文献   

高校高水平篮球运动员创伤流行病学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王克海 《湖北体育科技》2010,29(2):188-189,225

通过对山东省10所高等院校的521名篮球专项运动员进行了运动创伤的流行病学调查,结果发现：篮球专项运动员发生运动创伤的比率非常大;运动损伤的多发部位为膝关节和踝关节,急性损伤多于慢性损伤,损伤多为关节扭伤和肌肉拉伤;篮球比赛中的损伤率最高,其次为专项训练课;准备活动不够,局部负荷过大,机体疲劳和比赛中违反规则是致伤的4大因素。  相似文献   

Dietary calcium and dairy intake and muscular fitness phenotypes in Australian children     

Costan G. Magnussen  Brooklyn J. Fraser  Kylie J. Smith 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):717-718

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Factors associated with muscular fitness phenotypes in Australian children: A cross-sectional study     

《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(1):38-45

ABSTRACT

To help inform strategies aimed at increasing muscular fitness levels, we examined factors associated with childhood muscular fitness (strength and power) that preceded the recently observed secular decline. Data were available from a nationally representative sample of Australian children aged 7–15 years in 1985 (n = 8469). Muscular fitness measures included strength (right and left grip, shoulder extension and flexion, and leg strength) and power (standing long jump distance). Anthropometric (adiposity, fat-free mass), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, speed capability, physical activity (individual and parental), dietary quality and intake (fruit, vegetable, protein) and sociodemographic (area-level socioeconomic status (SES), school type) data were available. Statistical analyses included sex-stratified linear regression. Of all examined factors, measures of adiposity, fat-free mass, CRF, flexibility and speed capability were associated with muscular fitness at levels that met Cohen’s threshold for important effects (r-squared = 0.02 to 0.28). These findings highlight the multifactorial relationship between muscular fitness and its determinants. Collectively, these factors were powerful in explaining muscular strength (females: r-squared = 0.32; males: r-squared = 0.41) and muscular power (females: r-squared = 0.36; males: r-squared = 0.42). These findings highlight modifiable and environmental factors that could be targeted to increase childhood muscular fitness.  相似文献   

205例专业运动员心电图调查分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

莫轶 《体育科技》2008,29(4)

目的:了解我区专业运动员心电图改变的发生情况.方法:采用流行病学调查方法,由1名专职心电图医师对安静状态下的运动员进行心电图常规检查并分析结果.结果:我区专业运动员异常心电图检出率为54.63%.其中以窦性心动过缓最为多见,占47.8%,其次为左室高压(10.24%)、ST-T改变(9.27%)、小束支传导阻滞(5.85%)、Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞(1.95%)、预激综合症(1.95%)、交界性逸博(0.49%)及窦性心动过速(0.49%).窦性心动过缓发生率最高的项目是女子手球队,发生率最低的是跳水队.女运动员平均心率低于男运动员的平均心率,男女运动员最低心率分别是42次/min和45次/min,分别来自田径和跆拳道.男女最高心率分别为75次/min和78次/min,均出自游泳项目.结论:我区运动员心律失常发生率以及心律失常发生情况与国内多数报道相似.窦性心动过缓、左室高压、ST-T改变、小束支传导阻滞、Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞被认为是运动员运动适应的结果,但需排除其它病理性疾病方可诊为运动员心脏.预激综合症、交界性逸博及窦性心动过速有导致致命性心律失常的潜在危险,可能是不适当运动的结果,建议重点监测.男女运动员心律失常发生率差异无统计学意义.我区女运动员心率储备优于男运动员.不同耐力素质要求项目中窦性心动过缓发生率不同,女子手球队整体耐力素质较突出,而游泳队的耐力素质有所欠缺.  相似文献   

我国优秀田径运动员的运动损伤流行病学调查与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚磊 《北京体育大学学报》2007,30(3):363-366

对我国18支优秀田径运动队共计342人进行了运动损伤的调查及病因分析.结果显示:运动损伤主要为踝关节扭伤,股后肌群拉伤,膝关节损伤,腰背肌损伤等.发生的主要原因:训练组织缺乏科学性,身体机能欠佳,训练水平不够,心理状态不良等.建议运动损伤应从运动训练、组织管理、心理教育等角度进行防治并举,最大限度地减少其发生率.  相似文献   

运动性猝死的研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

潘志军 《浙江体育科学》2006,28(1):88-90

应用文献资料法,对运动性猝死的流行病学和病因学特征进行了探讨和分析。运动性猝死发生率低,进展迅速,其发生与运动项目、运动强度之间没有明显关系,多发在30~60岁,男性多于女性,运动性猝死大多为心源性猝死和脑性猝死,其中冠状动脉粥样硬化是运动性猝死的主要原因。对运动性猝死的可能机制进行了探讨并提出了运动性猝死的预防措施。  相似文献   

高校篮球运动员的创伤流行病学研究     

王荣森  苏崇泽 《山西师大体育学院学报》1999,(1)

本文对国内21所高等院校的405名篮球运动员进行了运动创伤的流行病学调查。结果显示:高校篮球运动员的损伤率达72.52％;52.22％的运动员在比赛中受伤;28.67％的运动员在专项训练中受伤;急性损伤多于慢性损伤,损伤率为59.70％;常见的运动创伤依次为膝关节损伤(损伤率为29.35％),踝关节损伤(损伤率为17.75％),腰部损伤(损伤率为15.36％);其损伤原因主要是准备活动不够(占18.43％)和局部负荷过大(占15.02％)。  相似文献   

基于流行病学视角的运动伤害防范与管理     

田旻露  周成林  魏勇 《沈阳体育学院学报》2011,30(3):46-50

从流行病学视角就运动伤害研究的几个问题进行了深入分析,主要包括:运动伤害的界定、运动伤害与伤害流行病学相互关系及潜在交叉学科形成的可能、运动伤害领域的流行病学研究现状及国内外比较、数学模型在运动伤害研究中的应用、从运动伤害预防到运动安全促进的理念及具体操作框架等。针对运动伤害防范需求,提出应该基于流行病学调查的结果,运用相关学科的知识,参照运动伤害所涉及的各个层面,提出综合全面有效的防范措施,促进体育运动的安全进行。  相似文献   

Science of rugby league football: A review     

Tim J Gabbett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):961-976

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30?–?40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10?min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1?mmol?·?l^?1 have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats?·?min^?1 (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats?·?min^?1 (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats?·?min^?1 (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted.  相似文献