不同时程下[Ca2+]i介导骨骼肌微细损伤与修复的机制及针刺的干预作用     

刘阳  王瑞元  康红哲 《北京体育大学学报》2015,38(2):54-60

目的:观察离心运动介导骨骼肌微损伤与修复过程,肌细胞不同微区钙离子浓度变化所起的作用,以及肌浆网钙释放通道兰尼定受体(RyR)的调控信号。方法:114只雄性SD大鼠,分为离心运动(E组,36只)、离心运动+针刺(EA组,36只)、单纯针刺(A组,36只)和安静对照(C组,6只)。E、EA和A组在运动后即刻、6、12、24、48、72 h取材,电镜观察结构,能谱分析Z线和H区钙元素,WB观察磷酸二酯酶-4-D3(PDE4D3)和FK506绑定蛋白12(FKBP12)表达。结果:E与EA组Z线附近的钙离子浓度在运动后即刻和恢复期的12~72 h呈2次上升趋势,其中EA组第2次上升更早且明显。1次离心运动不能破坏RyR的稳定性。结论:运动后即刻的[Ca2+]i升高介导导了损伤,而运动后12~72 h内的第2次[Ca2+]i升高与组织修复有关,此升高非RyR不稳产生"钙漏"而导致的破坏性"钙超载"。研究价值:本研究发现离心运动过后72 h内不同时间段内,钙离子升高具有截然不同的效应,为肌肉损伤和恢复的钙机制研究提供新的方向。  相似文献   

Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting     

Ayako Higashihara  Yasuharu Nagano  Kazumasa Takahashi  Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1366-1375

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting. Eight male sprinters performed maximal-effort sprints in two trunk positions: forward lean and upright. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to compute the musculotendon lengths and velocity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles during the sprinting gait cycle. The musculotendon lengths of all the three hamstring muscles at foot strike and toe-off were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. In addition, a positive peak musculotendon lengthening velocity was observed in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles during the late stance phase, and musculotendon lengths at that instant were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. The present study provides significant evidence that a potential for hamstring muscle strain injury involving forward trunk lean sprinting would exist during the stance phase. The results also indicate that the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles are stretched during forward trunk lean sprinting while contracting eccentrically in the late stance phase; thus, the elongation load on these muscles could be increased.  相似文献   

Impact of age on haematological markers pre- and post-marathon running     

Thomas G. Martin  Rachel W. Pata  Johanna D’Addario  Lauren Yuknis  Rebecca Kingston  Richard Feinn 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(19):1988-1997

This study investigated whether haematological markers differ between young and masters marathon participants, running at similar performance levels. Nine young (31.89 ± 4.96 years) and eight masters (63.13 ± 4.61 years) runners participated. At five time points (pre-race through 54 h post-race), a complete blood cell count, basic metabolic panel and creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme panel were assessed. Race performance was standardised using the World Masters Association Age Grading Performance Tables. Total CK levels were elevated for all participants at all time points post-race (P < 0.001). The CK-isoenzyme MB% was elevated across groups at 6, 30 and 54 h post-race (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), with masters runners having a higher CK-MB% at 30 and 54 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts were elevated through 6 h post-race (P < 0.001), with higher levels found in younger runners (P < 0.001). When considering all blood work, masters runners had a higher number of abnormal values at 6, 30 and 54 h post-race (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). In conclusion, masters runners demonstrated sustained CK-MB elevation, which may suggest greater cardiac stress. However, future studies using additional cardiac markers should be completed to confirm these findings. In addition, masters runners showed an increased number of laboratory values outside normal range, indicating the body’s reduced capacity to respond to marathon running.  相似文献   

Temporal specificity of training: intra-day effects on biochemical responses and Olympic-Weightlifting performances     

Achraf Ammar  Hamdi Chtourou  Khaled Trabelsi  Johnny Padulo  Mouna Turki  Kais El Abed 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(4):358-368

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Olympic-Weightlifting session training at three times of the day on the performance related to biochemical responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in randomised order, on three Olympic-Weightlifting training (snatch, clean and jerk) sessions (08:00 a.m., 02:00 p. m., 06:00 p. m.). Blood samples were collected: before, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Haematological parameters and markers of muscle injury were assessed. Resting oral temperature and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also assessed during each session. ANOVA showed that the performance was better (P < 0.001) at 02:00 p. m. with a less RPE (P < 0.01) compared to the morning and the evening sessions while there was higher (P < 0.05) oral temperature at 06:00 p. m. versus 08:00 a.m. and 02:00 p. m. Muscle damage changed immediately (without significant effect after 48 h) after the training sessions with lower values ??in the evening compared to the morning. In conclusion, the afternoon training is more effective than morning or evening sessions for weightlifters. Therefore, coaches and weightlifters should be advised to schedule their training session in the afternoon hour.  相似文献   

Effects of GLUT4 expression on insulin resistance in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis     

Shan WF  Chen BQ  Zhu SJ  Jiang L  Zhou YF 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(8):677-682

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肌肉运动疲劳的生物标志物研究进展     

赵海涛  曹庆雷  刘鑫  李小兰 《成都体育学院学报》2021,(2):128-135

肌肉疲劳是指在进行肌肉收缩活动期间产生的做功能力下降现象,在运动过程中很常见,也是限制运动员提高成绩的主要原因之一。肌肉疲劳产生生物标志物可以评估在运动期间肌肉的疲劳程度和运动对骨骼肌的影响。肌肉疲劳主要是由于能量物质耗尽,氧化应激增加,炎症反应激活等机制造成的。此外,还涉及了脱水、高氨血症、线粒体生物发生和遗传反应,文章通过梳理,把肌肉疲劳的生物标志物分为两类:一类是非侵入式的生物标志物,主要包括肌肉功率输出测量、电生理测量、心脏功能测量和摄氧量等;另一类是侵入式的生物标志物,主要包括ATP代谢、氧化应激和炎症等相关的生化指标。以期对以后运动疲劳的诊断和新的生物标志物的开发提供有价值的信息。  相似文献   

运动员稀氧区域训练对肌肉纤维耐久力的影响     

王刚  吴波 《科技通报》2014,(9)

目的:研究运动员稀氧区域训练对肌肉纤维耐久力的影响。方法:分析18名运动员在常氧和高原低氧(模拟海拔4500 m递增负荷运动时,低氧通气反应速率、最大摄氧量以及最大耐力持续时间三个肌肉纤维耐久力评估指标的变化情况。结果:高原低氧训练时运动员低氧通气速率和最大耐力持续时间显著高于常氧对应值,高原低氧训练时,运动员最大摄氧量低于常氧对照组。高原低氧训练组,运动员在4个不同功率等级低氧通气速率,均高于常氧对应值,低氧通气速率在50%、75%以及100%最大功率时显著高于常氧对应值,最大摄氧量在各相对功率等级中,无显著性差异。运动员的低氧通气反应速率在高原低氧训练组至75%最大功率阶段降低,在75%至100%最大功率阶段基本保持平稳上升,不同相对强度下低氧训练组运动员最大摄氧量较常氧对应值显著降低。结论:高原运动训练下运动员肌肉纤维耐久力增强,疲劳时间降低,可提高运动员的运动能力。  相似文献   

增压辅助方法对大鼠骨骼肌HIF-1α表达的影响     

郝少伟  ;马福海  ;樊蓉芸  ;祁继良  ;余小燕  ;贺颖英  ;李亚楠 《辽宁体育科技》2014,(2):26-29

目的:通过高原低氧大强度训练与增压辅助方法相结合建立动物模型,探讨高原低氧大强度训练后施加增压辅助方法对大鼠骨骼肌组织HIF-1α表达的影响。方法:wistar大鼠32只随机分为4组:其中A组为自然环境下恢复,B组0.2MPa增压1h恢复,C组0.2MPa增压2h恢复,D组0.3MPa增压2h恢复。4组大鼠在西宁(2260m)经过3天适应性训练和6天正式训练。在最后一次训练结束后24h所有大鼠实施腹腔麻醉取大鼠一侧腓肠肌,运用蛋白质免疫印迹法检测各组HIF-1α蛋白表达量。结果:施加增压辅助方法干预后各恢复组大鼠骨骼肌HIF-1α蛋白表达较自然恢复组呈上升趋势,其中B组增幅较大。结论:通过1周低氧大强度训练后,施加增压辅助方法的实验发现,各增压恢复组大鼠骨骼肌HIF-1α蛋白表达上调,表明高原训练后施加增压辅助方法可能对增强机体低氧耐受能力产生影响,有利于机体运动疲劳的快速恢复以及有效发挥高原训练的优势。  相似文献   

人体肌肉力量自然发展研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黎鹰  罗晓芳  张安民  王健 《体育科研》2003,24(3):35-37

介绍了人体肌肉力量自然发展的年龄规律和性别特点,分别讨论了影响人体肌肉力量自然发展的肌肉横断面积、神经支配等生理学因素的作用机制。  相似文献   

DOMS的国内外研究近况   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

马建  张世明 《成都体育学院学报》1999,25(4):61-65

对近10多年来国内外有关延迟性肌肉酸痛症(DOMS)的发生过程和对组织影响的研究进展、DOMS消除方法的研究和DOMS当前研究中存在的问题等进行了概述。  相似文献