对北京市肥胖青少年的现状调查与分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孙璞  夏淑敏 《中国体育科技》2001,37(3):26-28

本研究对北京市981名青少年进行调查，发现肥胖者高达26%。通过对这些肥胖青少年的饮食、运动以及心理等情况的深入研究与分析，提出了具有建设性的预防肥胖的5点措施。  相似文献   

有氧运动是新的减肥方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张福华  秦佩旭  曹玉荣 《通化师范学院学报》2002,23(2):96-98

伴随着人类社会的发展，进步，肥胖症这种“明病”已遍及世界各地，并且发生率一直持续而且明显地上升。据世界卫生组织的专门调查，肥胖病人占地球上全体居民的20％－25％，有氧运动能促进人体脂肪的分解从而达到减肥的目的。  相似文献   

Interdisciplinary therapy changes superoxide dismutase activity and adiponectin in obese adolescents: a randomised controlled trial     

João Elias Dias Nunes  Heitor Santos Cunha  Zulmária Rezende Freitas  Ana Maria Caixeta Nogueira  Ana Raimunda Dâmaso  Foued Salmen Espindola 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(10):945-950

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of interdisciplinary therapy in the parameters of the oxidative stress and the anti-inflammatory responses of obese adolescents. We selected 57 participants, who were randomly divided into 2 groups: interdisciplinary therapy group and a control group. After 6 months of intervention, 17 participants of the interdisciplinary therapy group and 8 of the control group returned for re-evaluation. The interdisciplinary therapy group participated in a treatment with 4 weekly sessions of exercise, a weekly group therapy session and a weekly nutritional education session. Blood parameters of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there were significant increases in the interdisciplinary therapy group for superoxide dismutase activity (6.56 ± 3.22 to 11.40 ± 7.49) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential concentration (532.91 ± 106.48 to 573.25 ± 112.57), although adiponectin levels did not reduce (40.9 ± 29.34 to 49.05 ± 41.22). A significant decrease in nitrite levels was also found (14.23 ± 8.48 to 11.45 ± 6.05). In the control group, significant reduction was found in adiponectin (31.56 ± 18.88 to 18.01 ± 11.66). This study suggests that interdisciplinary therapy for 6 months was effective in improving the anti-inflammatory responses and the antioxidant defences in obese adolescents.  相似文献   

The relationship between adolescents’ physical activity,fundamental movement skills and weight status     

Wesley O’ Brien  Sarahjane Belton  Johann Issartel 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(12):1159-1167

The aim of this study was to determine if a potential relationship among physical activity (PA), fundamental movement skills and weight status exists amongst early adolescent youth. Participants were a sample of 85 students; 54 boys (mean age = 12.94 ± 0.33 years) and 31 girls (mean age = 12.75 ± 0.43 years). Data gathered during physical education class included PA (accelerometry), fundamental movement skills and anthropometric measurements. Standard multiple regression revealed that PA and total fundamental movement skill proficiency scores explained 16.5% (P < 0.001) of the variance in the prediction of body mass index. Chi-square tests for independence further indicated that compared with overweight or obese adolescents, a significantly higher proportion of adolescents classified as normal weight achieved mastery/near-mastery in fundamental movement skills. Results from the current investigation indicate that weight status is an important correlate of fundamental movement skill proficiency during adolescence. Aligned with most recent research, school- and community-based programmes that include developmentally structured learning experiences delivered by specialists can significantly improve fundamental movement skill proficiency in youth.  相似文献   

有氧运动对提高肥胖学生体质健康标准成绩的成效     

黄伟业 《通化师范学院学报》2008,29(4):45-47

运用文献资料、比较实验等研究方法,通过多种有氧运动练习,改变不良的生活习惯,运动强度控制在实验对象最大安全运动心率的60％-80％,改善大学生肥胖的体型,增强心血管系统的功能,从而提高《学生体质健康标准》测试成绩.  相似文献   

High-intensity interval training programme for obese youth (HIP4YOUTH): A pilot feasibility study     

SoJung Lee  Jenna Spector  Stephanie Reilly 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(18):1794-1798

Recently, there has been growing interest in high-intensity interval training (HIT) as a strategy to improve health. In this pilot study, we examined the feasibility of a 4-week low-volume HIT and its effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), blood pressure (BP) and enjoyment in overweight and obese youth. Twelve adolescents (body mass index (BMI): 34.8 ± 3.9 kg · m^?2, 14.9 ± 1.5 years) participated in 12 sessions of HIT (10 × 60 s cycling bouts eliciting ~90% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 90 s recovery, 30 min/session, 3 sessions/week) over ~4 weeks. All the participants completed the study and exercise attendance averaged 92%. Despite no changes in body weight and total fat, HIT resulted in significant (P < 0.01) increases in CRF (pre: 20.1 versus post: 22.2 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1) and exercise time (pre: 425 versus post: 509 s) during peak oxygen uptake test, and a reduction in resting systolic BP (pre: 115.8 versus post: 107.6 mmHg). The majority of study participants (83%) enjoyed HIT and more than half of the participants (58%) reported that HIT is a more enjoyable form of exercise compared to other types of exercises. Low-volume HIT is a useful strategy to promote exercise participation and improve cardiovascular health in overweight and obese youth.  相似文献   

我国中小学生超重、肥胖检出率变化趋势的拓扑学特征     

汪志胜  郑滔  刘承宜 《体育学刊》2020,(1):139-144

引入韦伯-费希纳定律、时间自相似和Sigma算法对2010和2014两年全国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率的调研数据进行再分析。结果发现:(1)从2010到2014年,我国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率在性别上无拓扑差异,即中小学男女生的超重、肥胖检出率均呈自限性过程;(2)从2010到2014年,我国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率在城乡上有拓扑差异,主要表现为乡村好于城市;(3)从2010到2014年,我国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率在时间上产生了拓扑相变,主要表现为城市男生的超重检出率和城市女生的超重、肥胖检出率均呈上升趋势,而城市男生和乡村男女生的肥胖检出率均维持不变。结果表明当前我国城乡中小学生群体中只有城市女生肥胖检出率呈持续上升趋势。  相似文献   

网球运动对中老年人健康影响的比较分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾琳娜 《广州体育学院学报》1999,(4)

旨为探讨运动对中老年人的健康影响。通过对 4 0名中老年业余网球运动者及对照进行医学检测及分析。结果表明①运动组血压数值、体得指数及甘油三酯数值均明显低于对照组。②运动组高血压、高血脂、肥胖、异常心电图及脂肪肝检出率明显低于对照组。③女教工及 50岁以上教工运动组血压、血脂及体重指数影响显著。结论 :运动对中老年人健康影响明显 ,是预防心血管疾病及与肥胖有关的一系列疾病的有效保健措施之一 ;对进入更年期的中老年妇女影响更为明显  相似文献   

A preliminary evaluation of the associations among functional performance tasks and quality of life in obese and healthy weight youth     

Matthew S. Briggs  Sharon Bout-Tabaku  Jackie Buell  Susan White  Patricia F. Rosenstein 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):20-28

The associations among lower extremity functional performance and quality of life in obese youth are unknown. The aims of this study were to compare lower extremity strength, lower extremity functional performance, and health related quality of life between obese and healthy-weight youth and evaluate the relationships between lower extremity performance and health related quality of life in obese youth. Twenty obese and 20 age and sex matched healthy-weight youth were recruited. Peak torque of the major lower extremity muscles were measured. Functional performance was measured with single leg hop and single leg balance tests. The Paediatric Quality of Life questionnaire's physical and psychosocial health subscales were used. Paired t-tests and multiple regression analyses were performed. Obese youth demonstrated decreased peak torque in all muscles measured (P < 0.05), poorer functional performance (P < 0.05), and worse physical health related quality of life (P < 0.05) compared to healthy-weight youth. Lower extremity functional performance was associated with aspects of quality of life in the obese group (P = 0.002), but not in the healthy-weight group (P < 0.05). These results may assist in encouraging best practices in the promotion of exercise, physical activity, and quality of life in obese youth.  相似文献   

一次急性耐力游泳运动对DIO小鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞介导的慢性炎症的影响     

贺强  季浏 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(2):61-68

摘要：目的： 探讨一次急性耐力游泳运动对DIO小鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞介导的慢性炎症的影响及其分子机制。方法：32只4周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为普通饮食组(n=16)和高脂饮食组(n=16)，12周高脂饮食结束分为普通饮食对照组(NC)、普通饮食游泳组(NS)、高脂饮食对照组(HC)和高脂饮食游泳组(HS)，运动组小鼠进行1次2 h耐力游泳运动，每30 min休息5 min，运动结束8 h处死小鼠，分离附睾脂肪基质血管部分细胞(SVCs)，流式细胞术筛分析SVCs中巨噬细胞；罗氏血糖仪检测空腹血糖(FBG)、ELISA法检测血清炎症因子；RT-PCR法检测脂肪基因表达。结果：与NC组相比，HC组小鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、FBG浓度显著升高(P﹤0.05)，附睾脂肪F4/80+CD11b+巨噬细胞数量、F4/80+CD11b+CD11c+巨噬细胞数量显著升高(P﹤0.05)，附睾脂肪TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、iNOS、F4/80、CD11c mRNA表达显著升高(P﹤0.05)，MGL-1、IL-10、IL-4、IL-13 mRNA表达显著下降(P﹤0.05)。NC组与NS组各项指标之间无显著差异。与HC组相比，HS组小鼠TNF-α、IL-1β、FBG浓度显著下降，附睾脂肪F4/80+CD11b+巨噬细胞数量无显著差异、F4/80+CD11b+CD11c+巨噬细胞数量显著下降(P﹤0.05)，附睾脂肪TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、CD11c mRNA表达显著降低(P﹤0.05)，MGL-1、IL-10、IL-4 mRNA表达显著升高(P﹤0.05)。结论：长期高脂肪膳食诱导小鼠膳食性肥胖，内脏脂肪组织巨噬细胞，尤其M1型巨噬细胞数量增加，促炎症因子基因表达增加；一次急性耐力运动有效改善DIO小鼠脂肪组织炎症，可能与巨噬细胞M1-M2表型转化有关，与巨噬细胞数量无关。  相似文献