黑龙江省短跑运动员运动损伤的调查研究     

关富余  郭俊清  曾巧巧  孙毅红  周琦  胡悦  房英杰 《吉林体育学院学报》2011,27(3):87-89

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,对参与黑龙江省2008年田径锦标赛的短跑运动员的损伤状况及损伤特征进行调查与研究,分析损伤的主要原因,提出合理预防运动损伤的措施及建议,从而加强短跑运动员自我保护和防伤意识,使其尽可能减少或避免损伤发生,进而促进短跑运动的发展。  相似文献   

“送髋”技术在短跑中的作用及训练方法探析     

丁毅 《辽宁体育科技》2014,(2):82-84

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法,对"送髋"技术的原理及在短跑训练中的重要作用进行分析,提出短跑"送髋"技术的训练方法手段,以其为进一步提高我国短跑运动技术水平、促进成绩的提高起到积极的推动作用。  相似文献   

短跑途中跑中髋关节的作用分析     

李夏元  张学兵 《搏击·武术科学》2014,11(12):132-133

短跑是田径中最悠久的运动项目,是重要的基础项目。髋关节作为人体躯干与下肢连接的关节,在短跑的过程中起着重要作用。尽管髋关节在短跑中的重要地位已经得到应有的重视,但对髋关节在跑步过程中的认识仍有待不断深化。文章的研究目的就是对髋关节在短跑途中跑一个周期各阶段所起的作用进行分析,以期待对短跑的运动训练有指导和借鉴意义。文章通过对几本田径经典教材和关于短跑的数十篇最新研究成果的研究整理,对短跑途中跑各阶段中髋关节的运动状态,肌肉收缩状态做了详细的梳理,分析了期间髋关节的作用。  相似文献   

影响短跑运动员快速力量的因素及其训练     

周波 《通化师范学院学报》2006,27(6):69-70

运用文献资料法对短跑运动员专项力量的概念、影响因素及训练进行分析探讨认为：短跑运动员的专项力量．是通过“反射”的方式，将肌肉三种不同方式的工作紧密衔接，爆发性地完成收缩；而弹性能量利用率是影响起跳力量大小的重要因素，退让收缩时，肌肉被拉长的速度、长度及肌肉由离心收缩向向心收缩的转换速度是影响弹性能量利用率的关键．在此基础上，对短跑运动员的专项力量的训练提出合理建议．  相似文献   

Energy system contribution to 400-metre and 800-metre track running     

Rob Duffield  Brian Dawson  Carmel Goodman 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):299-307

As a wide range of values has been reported for the relative energetics of 400-m and 800-m track running events, this study aimed to quantify the respective aerobic and anaerobic energy contributions to these events during track running. Sixteen trained 400-m (11 males, 5 females) and 11 trained 800-m (9 males, 2 females) athletes participated in this study. The participants performed (on separate days) a laboratory graded exercsie test and multiple race time-trials. The relative energy system contribution was calculated by multiple methods based upon measures of race [Vdot]O₂, accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), blood lactate and estimated phosphocreatine degradation (lactate/PCr). The aerobic/anaerobic energy system contribution (AOD method) to the 400-m event was calculated as 41/59% (male) and 45/55% (female). For the 800-m event, an increased aerobic involvement was noted with a 60/40% (male) and 70/30% (female) respective contribution. Significant (P <?0.05) negative correlations were noted between race performance and anaerobic energy system involvement (lactate/PCr) for the male 800-m and female 400-m events (r = ? 0.77 and ??0.87 respectively). These track running data compare well with previous estimates of the relative energy system contributions to the 400-m and 800-m events. Additionally, the relative importance and speed of interaction of the respective metabolic pathways has implications to training for these events.  相似文献   

Effect of Exertional Trend during Cycle Ergometry on Postexercise Affect     

Marcus Kilpatrick  Edward Hebert  John Bartholomew  Daniel Hollander  Daniel Stromberg 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):353-359

Purpose: Improvements in motor performance and coordination may be impacted by the interaction of practice and organismic constraints. It has been proposed that these aspects of motor learning are achieved at a different time rate: first, during placement of the events (performance), and second, segmental spatiotemporal relationships (coordination). We focused on the acquisition of the longswing in high bar as one basic skill in gymnastics. The aim of this study was to determine how longswing performance and coordination change to increase swing amplitude as age and expertise increase. Method: One hundred and thirteen male gymnasts were classified into 5 distinct age groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) on the basis of the national competition rules. Longswing performance (swing amplitude and event placements) and coordination (positive and negative areas in the continuous relative phase) were measured for each group. Results: Analyses of variance revealed that the adequate placement and coordination of the earlier events were achieved in younger groups (G1, G2), while later events and their coordination were accomplished by the older groups (G3 through G5). Conclusion: Our results suggested that the process of longswing acquisition, as age and expertise increase, follows a progression parallel to the temporal occurrence of the task events, instead of the proposed learning sequence of event placement first and then coordination.  相似文献   

Emotional pictures impact repetitive sprint ability test on cycle ergometre     

Laure Coudrat  Majdi Rouis  Hamdi Jaafar  Elvis Attiogbé  Thierry Gélat  Tarak Driss 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):892-900

Abstract

This study investigated the interaction between emotion-eliciting pictures and power output during a repetitive supra-maximal task on a cycle ergometre. Twelve male participants (mean (±SD) age, height and weight: 28.58 ± 3.23 years, 1.78 ± 0.05 m and 82.41 ± 13.29 kg) performed 5 repeated sprint tests on a cycle ergometre in front of neutral, pleasant or unpleasant pictures. For each sprint, mechanical (peak power and work), physiological (heart rate) and perceptual (affective load) indices were analysed. Affective load was calculated from the ratings of perceived exertion, which reflected the amount of pleasant and unpleasant responses experienced during exercise. The results showed that peak power, work and heart rate values were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for unpleasant pictures (9.18 ± 0.20 W ? kg^?1; 47.69 ± 1.08 J ? kg^?1; 152 ± 4 bpm) when compared with pleasant ones (9.50 ± 0.20 W ? kg^?1; 50.11 ± 0.11 J ? kg^?1; 156 ± 3 bpm). Furthermore, the affective load was found to be similar for the pleasant and unpleasant sessions. All together, these results suggested that the ability to produce maximal power output depended on whether the emotional context was pleasant or unpleasant. The fact that the power output was lower in the unpleasant versus pleasant session could reflect a regulatory process aimed at maintaining a similar level of affective load for both sessions.  相似文献   

Force-Time Characteristics and Running Velocity of Male Sprinters during the Acceleration Phase of Sprinting     

Thomas Stephens 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):94-105

Abstract

In an effort to investigate the force-time characteristics during the acceleration phase of the sprint start, eight male sprinters were used as subjects. Runs up to 3 m were analyzed from film, and force-time parameters were measured on a force platform. In a starting stance the reaction time of the group was .118 ± .016 s and the force production lasted .342 ± .022 s. The maximal resultant force at the moment of maximal horizontal force was 19.3 ± 2.2 N x kg¹, and the direction of the force was 32 ± 7°. In the very last instant before leaving the blocks the velocity of the center of gravity was 3.46 ± .32 m x s^?1. In the first contact after leaving the blocks there was a braking phase (.022 ± .005 s in duration) during which the average horizontal force was ?153 ± 67 N. The braking phase was observed despite the body center of gravity being horizontally ahead by .13 ± . 05 m with respect to the first contact point. The percentage of deceleration in running velocity during that phase was 4.8 ± 2.9%. In the propulsion phase the average horizontal force was great (526 ± 75 N), and it was produced for a relatively long time (.171 ± .035 s). Significant correlation coefficients were observed between force production and running velocity. These results suggest that braking/propulsion phases occur immediately after the block phase and that muscle strength strongly affects running velocity in the sprint start.  相似文献   

提高短跑训练水平的方法探索     

吴墨松 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(5):405+407

短跑训练是一项高难度的田径运动项目,属于极限强度运动项目之一。其特点是运动过程较短、强度大,运动员不仅需要具备较高的专项身体素质,也需要短跑的技巧和方法,这样才能最大限度地争取比赛获胜。本文旨在根据短跑训练中的经验和出现的问题探索系统的提高短跑水平的方法。  相似文献   

Not quite so fast: effect of training at 90% sprint speed on maximal and repeated-sprint ability in soccer players     

Thomas Haugen  Espen Tonnessen  Svein Leirstein  Erlend Hem  Stephen Seiler 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1979-1986

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of training at an intensity eliciting 90% of maximal sprinting speed on maximal and repeated-sprint performance in soccer. It was hypothesised that sprint training at 90% of maximal velocity would improve soccer-related sprinting. Twenty-two junior club-level male and female soccer players (age 17 ± 1 year, body mass 64 ± 8 kg, body height 174 ± 8 cm) completed an intervention study where the training group (TG) replaced one of their weekly soccer training sessions with a repeated-sprint training session performed at 90% of maximal sprint speed, while the control group (CG) completed regular soccer training according to their teams’ original training plans. Countermovement jump, 12 × 20-m repeated-sprint, VO_2max and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test were performed prior to and after a 9-week intervention period. No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the performance indices and effect magnitudes were trivial or small. Before rejecting the hypothesis, we recommend that future studies should perform intervention programmes with either stronger stimulus or at other times during the season where total training load is reduced.  相似文献