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11.
Cynthia J. Thomson Rebecca J. Power Scott R. Carlson Jim L. Rupert Grégory Michel 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(18):1861-1870
Athletes participating in high-risk sports consistently report higher scores on sensation-seeking measures than do low-risk athletes or non-athletic controls. To determine whether genetic variants commonly associated with sensation seeking were over-represented in such athletes, proficient practitioners of high-risk (n = 141) and low-risk sports (n = 132) were compared for scores on sensation seeking and then genotyped at 33 polymorphic loci in 14 candidate genes. As expected, athletes participating in high-risk sports score higher on sensation seeking than did low-risk sport athletes (P < .01). Genotypes were associated with high-risk sport participation for two genes (stathmin, (P = .004) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (P = .03)) as well as when demographically matched subsets of the sport cohorts were compared (P < .05); however, in all cases, associations did not survive correction for multiple testing. 相似文献
12.
企业家情怀是否会影响企业的创新投入？本文主要依据计划行为理论，从企业家情怀与创新投入的关系入手，构建了企业家情怀经由风险承担与压力应对影响企业创新投入的概念模型，并提出了相应的假设。利用183份有效问卷进行了实证分析。研究結果表明，企业家情怀能够促进企业的创新投入，风险承担和压力应对在情怀到创新投入的影响路径中起到部分中介作用。论文将企业家情怀纳入创新研究，补充和完善了企业创新动机理论，对企业家情怀的研究也有效拓展了企业家精神理论的内容，论文同时也从企业家层面和政府层面提出了管理启示，最后对未来的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
13.
Karen Trimmer 《Teacher Development》2016,20(3):398-416
This paper investigates reasoned risk-taking in decision-making by school principals using a methodology that combines sequential use of psychometric and traditional measurement techniques. Risk-taking is defined as when decisions are made that are not compliant with the regulatory framework, the primary governance mechanism for public schools in Western Australia. This creates a dilemma for principals who need to be able to respond to the locally identified needs within a school, and simultaneously comply with all State and Commonwealth departmental requirements. A theoretical model was developed and data collected through the survey of a stratified random sample of principals in 253 Western Australian government schools. Rasch measurement was used to create a measurement scale. The hypotheses were tested used partial least squares structural equation modelling. This analysis provides evidence of the effect of governance structures, characteristics of schools and principals that influence decision-making in schools. 相似文献
14.
Internet offers people with intellectual disabilities (ID) unique opportunities to access information and to participate in society. But concerns have been raised about the potential risks they face when accessing the Internet (e.g. giving credit to false information, being exposed to manipulative content). As part of the current debate between positive risk-taking and overprotection, our study empirically tested the extent to which 43 adults with ID identified and selected topically relevant as well as trustworthy web pages while searching the Internet for several topics (e.g. Can social networks use your pictures for advertisement?). Participants also justified their search decisions. Results revealed that while searching familiar topics (i.e. social networks), participants selected more relevant and trustworthy pages than irrelevant and less trustworthy ones. Searches of less familiar topics (i.e. daily health), were carried out randomly, that is, without applying a specific criterion. Results point to the importance of topic familiarity on people’s with ID performance on Internet searching tasks. This pattern of results suggests that, first, we should avoid overprotection when people with ID search for familiar topics and, second, they need more support when searching for information about less familiar topics. 相似文献
15.
A new travel time reliability-based traffic assignment model is proposed to investigate the effects of an advanced transportation information system (ATIS) on drivers‘ risk-taking path choice behaviours in transportation networks with demand uncertainty. In the model, drivers are divided into two classes. The first class is not equipped with ATIS, while the second class is equipped with ATIS. Different risk-taking path choice behaviours of the two classes are studied, respectively. A corresponding mixed equ... 相似文献
16.
追溯股票期权问题的缘起,剖析理论研究中股票期权对于风险承担激励的正、负作用机理,梳理实证研究风险承担激励效应的计量与内生性问题的解决思路,对比非传统期权的特点与激励效应,并进行股票期权在中国现实中的运用分析. 相似文献
17.
CEO任期与企业绩效的关系机理探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CEO个人学习和CEO战略风险意识等中间机制变量的设定,有助于阐明CEO任期向企业绩效转化的内在机理。在不同的隐含前提条件下,中间机制变量的作用强度、作用形式等会呈现出较大的差异。这是CEO任期与企业绩效之间的关系形式多样性的来源,也是相关理论表述相互抵牾、纷争四起的根源所在。 相似文献
18.
借鉴风险管理理论,引入风险承担意愿和风险承担水平要素,构建组织韧性、风险承担、成长绩效之间的理论模型,探讨在VUCA环境下,组织韧性对新创企业成长性的影响路径,并采用结构方程模型对组织韧性的作用机制进行拓展研究。结果显示,组织韧性有助于提升新创企业的成长绩效;风险承担意愿、风险承担水平分别在组织韧性与新创企业成长绩效之间发挥部分中介作用;风险承担意愿和风险承担水平在组织韧性与成长绩效之间发挥链式中介作用。根据研究结论,从政府、企业、个人三个层面提出帮助企业构建组织韧性的措施。 相似文献
19.
Higher education employees often participate in university-sponsored defined contribution pension plans that place the investment
decision responsibility upon them. In order to examine investment decision-making behavior with retirement savings plans we
investigated attitude-mediated, individual difference determinants of risky decision-making behavior in employer-sponsored
defined contribution retirement plans. Using a field survey of 795 higher education employees, who participated in one of
four defined contribution savings plans, we tested a risk taking model using data on the employees’ investment allocations
in their defined contribution savings plan. We found that an attitudinal preference toward risk and a perception of opportunity
served as mediators for the relationships among employees’ dispositional characteristics and their retirement savings behavior.
We also found that investment knowledge directly affected risk taking behavior. Implications of the results for higher education
institutions are discussed.
Funding for this study was provided by TIAA-CREF and is gratefully acknowledged by the authors. 相似文献
20.
Ron Keamy 《School Leadership & Management》2016,36(2):151-168
Creativity in teaching and leadership continues to be a topic of interest in education. This article focuses on comments made by a school’s leadership team as part of a larger study in which a mixed methods case study design involving the school’s leadership team and staff who taught Arts (either as specialist teachers or generalist classroom teachers) was used. The research took place in a 6-year-old Preparatory Year to Year 9 (P-9) school in a growth corridor in metropolitan Melbourne. Staff members in the school provided responses to a questionnaire, participated in focus group discussions and were invited to maintain journals during the course of the study. Comments made by members of the school’s leadership team are analysed in this article using perspectives of pedagogical leadership and relational power. The article finds that the school's leadership team models and encourages experimentation with new ideas across the school as the team promotes the development of collaborative professional learning approaches in their relatively young school. The article concludes that professional learning communities (PLCs) within the school will be well-placed to pursue the collaborative approaches modelled by the school’s leadership team to ensure that a school-wide focus on student learning continues. 相似文献