知识产权独占与社会公共利益的调和——以开源运动为视角     

王渊  贾丽娜 《科技管理研究》2015,(16)

知识产权是具有排他性质的垄断权,因而在知识产权法中,存在着知识产权人对知识产品的专有权利与社会公众对知识产品的合法需求之间的矛盾。近年来,知识产权法的合理性不断受到理论质疑和抨击,在实践层面,以开源运动为代表的抵制知识产权的运动也为知识产权制度带来了反思,推动对具有公共商品和私人商品双重属性的知识产品的使用、分配和利益分享作出合理安排,以实现知识产权法的公平正义价值目标。  相似文献   

知识产权公益诉讼制度探析     

彭向阳  刘玲  关永红  徐霖 《科技管理研究》2015,(22)

随着自主创新的深入发展,知识产权公益诉讼案件在我国日益增多,我国没有相关法律制度给予充分救济。要适应知识产权保护全球化发展的要求,以及维护创新主体的合法权益,应当在充分研究国外相关理论与制度基础上,根据我国实际及司法改革动向,构建适格原告制度,科学分配证明责任,确立诉讼激励机制,实行行政处理前置,培养复合型审判队伍,以概括式受案范围提供充分司法救济,形成符合我国实际的知识产权公益诉讼体制。  相似文献   

Under the radar: Industry entry by user entrepreneurs     

Stefan Haefliger  Peter Jäger 《Research Policy》2010,39(9):1198-1213

We inductively develop a model of the commercialization process for new products or services user entrepreneurs undertake when entering an industry while drawing on proprietary technology developed in another industry. Extending the growing field of user entrepreneurship, we identify a two-phase approach to industry entry by user entrepreneurs who start “under the radar” of incumbent firms, gain experience, attract a first potential customer base, and then, in a second phase, engage in commercialization. During this process, a community of fellow users is of major importance for the entrepreneur, serving as a knowledge pool for skills development and experimentation with different commercialization paths. We study a nascent group of firms founded by users of video games who became entrepreneurs on entering the animation industry by producing Machinima, a new film genre characterized by shooting film in video games. We explain how user entrepreneurs gain access to complementary assets (video games) for their new use (shooting film), how they deal with intellectual property issues when using other firms’ assets, and how user entrepreneurs combine domain knowledge about film production with their experience in video games and the art of Machinima. Our propositions hold implications for management and policy.  相似文献   

Many hands: The effect of the prior inventor-intermediaries relationship on academic licensing     

Young-Choon Kim  Mooweon Rhee  Reddi Kotha 《Research Policy》2019,48(3):813-829

We study the role of the relationship among inventors and intermediaries in the licensing of university inventions. We suggest that a prior inventor-intermediaries relationship positively influences licensing rates through selective retention of higher quality relationships and mutual learning in the relationship, enabling intermediaries to reduce both information asymmetry and search costs between inventors and potential licensees. We argue that the influence of a prior inventor-intermediaries relationship on licensing is especially important before intellectual property protection is attained and can be substituted by the buyer-side contacts of inventors and intermediaries. We test these predictions using 919 inventions from the technology transfer office at Stanford University. This study has implications for the policies and design of university technology licensing organizations.  相似文献   

高新技术企业知识产权管理模式探究——基于竞争力视角     

陈清爽  蒋丽梅 《科技管理研究》2019,39(1)

高新技术企业面临着如何通过知识产权的有效管理以提升企业知识产权竞争力的问题。在竞争力视角下,按照竞争力模块互动转化的内在规律构建高新技术企业知识产权管理模式的概念模型。高新技术企业知识产权管理模式是在知识产权管理协同模块的保障下,知识产权导航、创造与维护、战略运用三个知识产权管理基础模块非线性相互作用的产物,在知识产权竞争资源及竞争实力的互动演变中形成。对高新技术企业在创量求速、量与质增值及战略实现三个阶段中知识产权管理模块间耦合演化及管理模式形成机理的动态解析,为高新技术企业根据自身知识产权资源及竞争力实力要求,依循内部模块间耦合规律选择“因企制宜”的知识产权管理模式提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

重释知识产权的对象     

贾小龙  管慧慧 《科技管理研究》2019,(19)

知识产权对象与客体的界定长期无法达成一致,对知识产权法学的体系化具有不利影响。从传统民事权利对象的界定方法来看,知识产权的对象就是知识和信息,是有价值、可再现并与现有知识、信息相区别的知识和信息,具体包括作品、专利技术方案、商标以及其他未公开的信息。结合权利的本质可知,知识产权的客体就是利用这些知识信息所生之利益。权利客体的财产性和权利对象的独特性,是知识产权成为独立一类民事权利的二元依据。  相似文献   

A strategy to improve pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy towards inclusive physical education for students with intellectual disability and autism     

YoungHwan Koh 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2018,22(8):839-855

This study sought to investigate the effect of adapted physical education (APE) courses and practica on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy (SE) towards inclusive physical education (PE) for students with intellectual disability (ID) and autism. Three hundred and fifty-six students (male?=?254, female?=?102) enrolled in adapted physical education teacher education (APETE) programmes in Korea participated in a specially developed survey which was analysed using multilevel modeling. The results of a multilevel modeling analysis revealed that APE courses and practica do indeed have a significant effect on the pre-service teachers’ SE towards teaching students with ID and autism in general PE classes. Study participants reported that taking more than 15 APE credits significantly improved their level of SE.  相似文献   

What determines the duration of patent examination in China? An outcome-specific duration analysis of invention patent applications at SIPO     

Tony W. Tong  Kun Zhang  Zi-Lin He  Yuchen Zhang 《Research Policy》2018,47(3):583-591

Although China is now the largest patent filing country in the world, research on the duration and outcomes of patent examination remains scarce. In this study, we conduct a replication and extension of Harhoff and Wagner’s (2009) work on the determinants of patent examination duration at the European Patent Office (EPO), using a rich dataset covering the population of about 1.1 million invention patent applications to China’s State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) from 1993 to 2006. By considering all three competing examination outcomes (grant, withdrawal, and refusal) simultaneously, our competing risks analysis replicates many of the results in prior research and confirms that a number of the determinants have differential effects on pendencies for different outcomes. Our analysis also reveals several applicant and application characteristics whose effects on pendencies for specific outcomes differ from prior research. Finally, by incorporating a number of new determinants, we report a set of new findings about their effects on the examination duration for the three outcomes at SIPO.  相似文献   

University licensing and the flow of scientific knowledge     

Neil C. Thompson  Arvids A. Ziedonis  David C. Mowery 《Research Policy》2018,47(6):1060-1069

As university involvement in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has increased, concerns over the patenting and licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on journal citations to academic publications covering the same scientific research. We analyze data on invention disclosures, patents, and licenses from the University of California, a leading U.S. academic patenter and licensor, between 1997 and 2007. We also develop a novel “inventor-based” maximum-likelihood matching technique to automate and generalize Murray's (2002) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University of California patents and licenses.Based on a “difference-in-differences” analysis, we find that within our sample of patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license, although this difference is not statistically significant. We then disaggregate our sample into (a) patented discoveries that are likely to be used as “research tools” by other researchers (based on the presence of material transfer agreements (MTAs) that cover them) and (b) patented discoveries not covered by MTAs. Citations to publications linked to licensed patents in the latter subset (not covered by MTAs) are higher for publications linked to licensed patents, and this difference is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may restrict the flow of inputs to “follow-on” scientific research.  相似文献   

基于“投入-实施-产出”分析模型的众创空间知识产权服务网络研究     

石家齐  宋伟 《科技管理研究》2018,(8)

当今"双创"潮流下众创空间这一新型创业生态系统在国内各地迅猛发展,众创空间的发展与知识产权密不可分,做好知识产权服务能为这种新型经济模式提供有力支撑。基于创业生态系统提出众创空间的三维空间模型,围绕该模型探讨众创空间知识产权服务网络与创业生态系统的双向影响关系;并基于"投入-实施-产出"(IPO)分析模型剖析众创空间投入-实施-产出3阶段的知识产权服务网络运行现状,从环境生态圈资源供给匹配度分析服务网络运行不佳的原因,提出服务网络构建思路。  相似文献