Young children's ideas about the nature, causes, justification, and alleviation of poverty   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Judith A. Chafel  Carin Neitzel 《Early childhood research quarterly》2005,20(4):433-450

Sixty-four 8-year-old boys and girls from urban and rural settings and representing different races and socioeconomic status backgrounds responded to questions about the nature, causes, justification, and alleviation of poverty. Much of what the children said indicated that they had not yet internalized prevailing adult norms and values about the poor in our society. A substantial proportion spoke in ways suggesting forces apart from the individual as causing poverty. Nearly all believed that poverty was not fair. Justifications offered by the children included disavowing economic inequality, or speaking in terms of basic needs or what should or ought to be. A majority mentioned philanthropy or societal change as a way to end poverty. Findings also lend support to the claim of social representations theory that concepts vary as a function of social factors. Future research should employ a design that acknowledges interacting variables to investigate systems of meaning in children's understandings about poverty.  相似文献   

Self-regulating academic learning and achievement: The emergence of a social cognitive perspective   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Barry J. Zimmerman 《Educational Psychology Review》1990,2(2):173-201

For three decades, social cognitive researchers have studied children's development of self-regulation as an achievement of socialization processes. I recount historically the emergence of a social cognitive perspective on self-regulation and identify its unique features. Two essential characteristics of students' self-regulated academic learning have been identified — their use of strategies and perceptions of self-efficacy. A social cognitive model of academic self-regulated learning is proposed that integrates triadic determinants of self-regulated learning (personal, behavioral, and environmental) on the basis of a strategic control loop. When students monitor their responding and attribute outcomes to their strategies, their learning becomes self-regulated, and they display increased self-efficacy, greater intrinsic motivation, and higher academic achievement.  相似文献   

科学发现中认知模型化推理的兴起     

任晓明  李西君 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005,27(1):31-34,46

追踪科学发现中认知模型化推理发展的“轨迹”，不难看出，从最初的总体否定到逐渐流行，从形式到作用与功能，从科学理论模型到科学发现的认知模型，它的发展走过了一条曲折的道路。科学发现的认知模型化推理研究主要在以下方面取得了一定进展：一是机器发现研究中的启发式程序；二是机器学习研究中的归纳算法；三是遗传算法。  相似文献   

从"手"的概念隐喻看中西文化认知的异同     

宋玉阁 《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2007,21(4):155-158

概念隐喻包括两个概念领域:源领域和目标领域。在认知语言学中,隐喻是从较具体的源领域到较抽象的目标领域的映射,隐喻意义是源领域的部分特征向目标领域转移的结果。由于中西方文化认知上的差异,同样的源领域会导致目标领域的不同。但是,文化也是具有共性的,文化的共性也使得同样的源领域有着相同的目标领域。文章从"手"出发,探求它在不同文化背景下的概念隐喻。  相似文献   

Metacognition in joint discussions: an analysis of the patterns of interaction and the metacognitive content of the networked discussions in mathematics     

Tarja-Riitta Hurme  Tuire Palonen  Sanna Järvelä 《Metacognition and Learning》2006,1(2):181-200

The aim of this study was to examine metacognition in computer-supported collaborative problem solving. The subjects of the study were 13-year-old Finnish secondary school students (N = 16). The Knowledge Forum learning environment was used to support student pairs’ problem-solving task involving polygons in a geometry course. The data consist of the student pairs’ posted computer notes (n = 95). To examine metacognition in a social context in the networked discussions, the features and patterns of networked interaction, the metacognitive content of the computer notes and their relations were examined. To examine the features of networked interaction, the social network analysis measures were used. The patterns of networked interaction were displayed with the multidimensional scaling technique. In the analysis, metacognitive contents of the computer notes were categorized as metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive skills, and not metacognitive. Further, with the correspondence analysis, we examined how the student pairs’ metacognitive activity was distributed. The results of the study revealed that the metacognitive activity varied among participants, although some aspects of metacognition such as planning were never encountered. It was found that there is a relation between metacognitive activity and the features of interaction. The student pairs who monitored and evaluated the ongoing discussions had a strategically optimal position in the communication network.  相似文献   

论情感在认识中的作用     

费凌婕 《石家庄学院学报》2005,7(5):25-27

认识过程是一个充满主客体矛盾的复杂过程，它永远无法摆脱主体主观因素的影响。其中情感在认识中发挥着十分明显的作用，它非但不是否定客观知识的理由，而且是认识、获得客观知识的基础。  相似文献   

英语语法教学的象似观     

王维民  杨洪亮 《通化师范学院学报》2004,(6):18-21

象似性作为认知语言学理论框架中的重要观点之一，是依据“现实——认知——语言”这一基本出发点而得出的结论，其在一定程度上揭示了语言的规律，为外语的语法教学提供了一个新的视角和理论基础，对英语语法教学有一定的现实指导意义。  相似文献   

Students’ mental model development during historically contextualized inquiry: how the ‘Tectonic Plate’ metaphor impeded the process     

Glenn Dolphin  Wendy Benoit 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(2):276-297

  相似文献   

英语一词多义现象内部语义结构的认知理据     

张晟 《保定师专学报》2006,19(4):86-87

从认知语言学角度出发，运用家族相似性原理、原型理论、隐喻与换喻等，对英语中多义词的内部语义结构进行分析，有助于从总体上把握英语一词多义现象，并较为深刻地理解其形成机制。  相似文献   

从认知语言学视角看英汉隐喻的翻译     

汪庆华 《河池学院学报》2008,28(3)

传统翻译理论对隐喻的研究多以修辞为取向,把隐喻的翻译视为修辞层面的语际转换.认知语言学认为隐喻不仅是一种语言现象而且是人类重要的认知方式,这无疑给隐喻的翻译研究提供了一个新的视角.在分析隐喻认知的基础上,探讨英、汉隐喻翻译的策略.  相似文献