A scale-based approach to interdisciplinary research and expertise in sports     

Jorge Ibáñez-Gijón  Martinus Buekers  Antoine Morice  Guillaume Rao  Nicolas Mascret  Jérome Laurin 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):290-301

After more than 20 years since the introduction of ecological and dynamical approaches in sports research, their promising opportunity for interdisciplinary research has not been fulfilled yet. The complexity of the research process and the theoretical and empirical difficulties associated with an integrated ecological-dynamical approach have been the major factors hindering the generalisation of interdisciplinary projects in sports sciences. To facilitate this generalisation, we integrate the major concepts from the ecological and dynamical approaches to study behaviour as a multi-scale process. Our integration gravitates around the distinction between functional (ecological) and execution (organic) scales, and their reciprocal intra- and inter-scale constraints. We propose an (epistemological) scale-based definition of constraints that accounts for the concept of synergies as emergent coordinative structures. To illustrate how we can operationalise the notion of multi-scale synergies we use an interdisciplinary model of locomotor pointing. To conclude, we show the value of this approach for interdisciplinary research in sport sciences, as we discuss two examples of task-specific dimensionality reduction techniques in the context of an ongoing project that aims to unveil the determinants of expertise in basketball free throw shooting. These techniques provide relevant empirical evidence to help bootstrap the challenging modelling efforts required in sport sciences.  相似文献   

Designing policy: collaborative policy development within the context of the European capital of culture bid process     

Stephen Kinsella  Annmarie Ryan 《Cultural Trends》2017,26(3):233-248

ABSTRACT

How do ideas become policies? What route do they take from inception to implementation and what criteria are used to evaluate one set of proposals against another? This paper examines the development of the Creative Work Fellowship policy proposal in Limerick, tracing the origins of the idea, itself a contended and negotiated object, from discussions between academics and policy-makers through to scoping, pitching and scaling the policy to its eventual users. This policy idea was designed during the Intelligence Unit (IU) commissioned by Limerick2020 as part of the city’s bid to become European Capital of Culture in 2020. The IU took the form of a policy think-tank, tasked with generating insights, ideas and policy proposals into the place of culture within Limerick city and region. The IU structure created a set of actors and an epistemic community capable of both generating and using ideas effectively, chiefly through two mechanisms. The first involved a robust critique and rebuilding process that every element of the policy was exposed to; the second involved feedback from interested parties at specific stages in the process. This created a series of “policy entrepreneurs” capable of taking a fully costed and modelled policy suggestion to government. The findings presented in the paper include an analysis of the collaborative nature of this policy development process, Based on this framework, we also consider the role of the European City of Culture bid process as catalyst for policy development in a regional context, and present findings on this subject.  相似文献   

学科交叉人才培养途径的探索与实践——以机器人学科为例     

涂细凯  伍赛  甘畅 《科教文汇》2020,(7):72-73

随着科技的快速发展和新兴学科的不断涌现,未来科技的发展越来越需要复合型的创新人才。因此,培养学科交叉型人才已成为研究生教育的重要内容之一,本文分析了机器人学科的特点与优势,从研究生导师、学生、政策以及培养模式等几个方面着手,对研究生学科交叉型人才培养途径进行了详细的探讨,为高校学科交叉型人才培养提供参考与建议。  相似文献   

基于创新性和学科交叉性的研究前沿探测模型——以智能材料领域研究前沿探测为例     

吴菲菲  杨梓  黄鲁成 《科学学研究》2015,33(1)

快速发现并科学准确地把握研究前沿不仅是科学研究人员关注的焦点,更是高层管理者乃至各国政府战略决策的需要。为了从客观角度全面准确地探测特定领域的研究前沿,论文首先界定研究前沿的内涵并分析其特征,进而提出从创新性和学科交叉性探测研究前沿的模型,此模型由"三阶段"构成,即创新性特征识别阶段、学科交叉性特征识别阶段以及前沿主题提炼阶段,处理过程分别使用文献引文分析、共现分析和文本挖掘方法,最后以智能材料领域为例,说明模型(方法)的使用过程和效果。实验结果表明由此模型探测的前沿主题与智能材料领域专家的判断相符程度较高。  相似文献   

诺贝尔科学奖跨学科师承效应定量研究     

门伟莉  张志强 《科学学研究》2015,33(4):498-506

交叉学科往往是学科新的生长点,有可能产生新的科学突破,为科学带来革命性的发展。交叉科学的发展离不开大量跨学科的人才,而高水平跨学科人才的培养始于交叉学科的研究生教育。文章选取1901-2013年诺贝尔科学奖获奖者为研究对象,以是否师从诺贝尔奖得主为分组变量,从物理、化学和生理或医学三大学科内和跨学科角度对比分析师承效应的影响,凸显跨学科师承效应的作用。研究结果表明,与单纯的学科内师承效应相比,考虑跨学科师生关系的师承效应可更显著地促进未来诺贝尔科学奖获奖者的成长和成才。  相似文献   

国际科技合作对跨学科研究影响的评价研究——基于文献计量学分析的视角          下载免费PDF全文

王文平  刘云  何颖  谭龙 《科研管理》2015,36(3):127-137

基于中国学者在生物技术与应用微生物学、电子电气工程、数学、医学、神经科学、物理学等6个重要研究领域发表的SCI论文,分别将国际合作论文和非国际合作论文作为研究对象,构建论文跨学科研究程度的测度指标,评价国际科技合作对推动跨学科研究的影响程度及中国与世界跨学科研究程度的差异。结果表明:国际合作促进了跨学科的研究;但国际合作推动跨学科研究的程度受研究领域的影响,新兴的、应用性较强的研究领域的跨学科研究程度较高;国际合作论文的跨学科研究程度逐渐提高;中国在多个研究领域的跨学科程度低于国际平均水平。  相似文献   

Sustainability as a cross-curricular priority in the Australian Curriculum: a Tasmanian investigation     

Janet E. Dyment  Allen Hill  Sherridan Emery 《Environmental Education Research》2015,21(8):1105-1126

In this paper, we report on an investigation into sustainability education in schools in the Australian state of Tasmania following the implementation of the Australian Curriculum. Sustainability is one of three cross-curriculum priorities in the new national curriculum and is the focus of this research (sustainability cross-curriculum priority (CCP)). Principals and Curriculum Leaders (PCLs) from all schools in Tasmania were invited to complete a survey that asked them about their understanding of various aspects of sustainability and how the sustainability CCP was integrated across learning areas. Sixty-eight PCLs (24%) responded to the survey. They reported generally good understandings of sustainability and education for sustainability, but lesser understandings of the sustainability CCP and the nine organising ideas. Respondents’ understandings of sustainability were dominated by an environmental focus. The PCLs’ responses in relation to sustainability implementation across learning areas gave insights into ways that the sustainability CCP can serve as a pivot for cross-curricular teaching and learning, which is strongly advocated for achieving transformative sustainability education. We conclude this paper with a discussion of how the sustainability CCP is an important asset in the necessary reorientation of the Australian formal education system for a more sustainable future. We note the importance of professional support so that educators may better understand sustainability and its complexity as a cross-curricular priority and envision ways in which the sustainability CCP can be realised within education.  相似文献   

基于弱共现和突发监测的情报学学科研究主题及交叉性分析     

隗玲  许海云  郭婷  方曙 《图书情报工作》2015,59(21):105-114

[目的/意义]运用弱共现和突发监测两种研究方法,在微观层面对情报学学科的研究主题及其交叉性进行分析,以期揭示与科交叉规律,促进学科交叉研究。[方法/过程]获取情报学学科科研论文的高频主题词,在此基础上生成高频词共现矩阵,并进一步生成弱共现网络,对弱共现网络呈现出的主题及交叉性进行分析。同时,对高频主题词进行突发监测。[结果/结论]研究结果显示,在高频词强共现网络中不突出的研究主题会在高频词弱共现网络凸显出来,这些研究主题可能是当期的研究重点,也可能是将来的研究重点和热点;主题之间弱关系被定义为4类,体现了情报学学科微观层面的交叉性;突发探测结果在研究时间段内显示的研究热点趋势和强共现网络的聚类结果具有一致性,在揭示具有学科交叉性的新研究主题时体现出敏感性、突出性和动态性优势。  相似文献   

跨专业硕士研究生专业适应性影响因素关系研究     

李佳哲  杜怡茜 《科教文汇》2015,(8)

随着招生规模日益扩大,跨专业读研的人数日益增多,跨专业硕士研究生的专业适应性问题日益成为学界关心的热点。本研究以北京某高校四所文理不同院系为样本,探求跨专业硕士研究生专业适应性与专业自我效能及专业学习行为的关系。得到如下结论：跨专业硕士研究生专业自我效能感的高低以及专业学习行为水平的高低对专业适应性具有一定的预测力。因此可以帮助学生提高专业自我效能感并建立良好的专业学习行为来提高跨专业研究生的专业适应性。  相似文献   

Divergent production in gifted adolescents using timed vs. untimed stimuli with creative prompting     

Gregg A. Johns  Linda W. Morse  David T. Morse 《Roeper Review》2013,35(3):165-166

Although creativity and expertise are related, they are nonetheless very different things. Expertise does not usually require creativity, but creativity generally does require a certain level of expertise. There are similarities in the relationships of both expertise and creativity to domains, however. Research has shown that just as expertise in one domain does not predict expertise in other, unrelated domains, creativity in one domain does not predict creativity in other, unrelated domains. People may be expert, and people may be creative, in many domains, or they may be expert, or creative, in few domains or none at all, and one cannot simply transfer expertise, or creativity, from one domain to another, unrelated domain. The domain specificity of creativity matters crucially for creativity training, creativity assessment, creativity research, and creativity theory. The domain specificity of creativity also means that interdisciplinary thinking, interdisciplinary collaboration, and interdisciplinary creativity are even more important than one would assume if creativity were domain general.  相似文献